安卓设备一般都自带截图功能,但是用户体验有不好之处。就是会连带着状态栏📶、🔋、时间日期、其他不必要页面中信息,等等与用户想截屏的内容不符的信息也会被保存下来。通常,截图后用户会再次裁剪一次才能想把真正需求分享出去。
因此,咱们技术研发会遇到针对性的会做一些应用内的截屏功能。
getDrawingCache()是其中一种截图手段,使用方便,主要针对应用内截图。
1、创建View
- fun getShareView() : View {
- val shareView: View =
- LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.share_layout, null)
- //内容...
- return shareView
- }
注意:一般大家实现思路都是点击事件里进行创建View绘制,很可能会遇到网络图片还未加载完的情况。因此,建议做延迟处理,或在点击前前置创建好。
2、测试和绘制
- public static void layoutView(View v, int width, int height) {
- v.layout(0, 0, width, height);
- int measuredWidth = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(width, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
- int measuredHeight = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(height, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
- v.measure(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);
- v.layout(0, 0, v.getMeasuredWidth(), v.getMeasuredHeight());
- }
如果不走这个方法,bitmap转换时会没有视图(黑屏情况)。
调用方法:
- // 设置视图的dp宽高
- layoutView(share_view, dp2px(210), dp2px(180));
- public static int dp2px(float dp) {
- float scale = Resources.getSystem().getDisplayMetrics().density;
- return (int) (dp * scale + 0.5f);
- }
3、转换Bitmap
- public static Bitmap getCacheBitmapFromView(View view) {
- final boolean drawingCacheEnabled = true;
- view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(drawingCacheEnabled);
- //设置背景色 //view.setBackgroundColor(CommonUtils.getContext().getResources().getColor(R.color.half_white));
- view.buildDrawingCache(drawingCacheEnabled);
- final Bitmap drawingCache = view.getDrawingCache();
- Bitmap bitmap;
- if (drawingCache != null) {
- bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(drawingCache);
- view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(false);
- } else {
- bitmap = null;
- }
- return bitmap;
- }
一般情况下,上面的代码能够正常实现效果。但有时候,生成Bitmap会出现问题(Bitmap全黑色)。主要原因是drawingCache的值大于系统给定的值。我们可以看一下buildDrawingCache()方法中的一段代码:
- //所要cache的view绘制的宽度和高度
- if (width <= 0 || height <= 0 ||
- //计算的是当前所需要的drawingCache 大小
- (width * height * (opaque && !translucentWindow ? 2 : 4) >
- //得到的是系统所提供的最大的DrawingCache的值
- ViewConfiguration.get(mContext).getScaledMaximumDrawingCacheSize())) {
-
- destroyDrawingCache();
-
- return;
- }
当所需要的drawingCache > 系统所提供的最大DrawingCache值时,生成Bitmap就会出现问题,此时获取的Bitmap就为null。
所以在只需要修改所需的cache值就可以解决问题了。于是我们引入第二种方法:
解决方案:
- public static Bitmap convertViewToBitmap(View view){
-
- view.measure(MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED),
- MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED));
-
- view.layout(0, 0, view.getMeasuredWidth(), view.getMeasuredHeight());
-
- view.buildDrawingCache();
-
- Bitmap bitmap = view.getDrawingCache();
-
- return bitmap;
-
- }
view 使用 "getMeasuredWidth()"、 "getMeasuredHeight()"方法计算长宽。此时,Bitmap就能正确获取了。
- public void buildDrawingCache() {
- buildDrawingCache(false);
- }
-
- public Bitmap getDrawingCache() {
- return getDrawingCache(false);
- }
-
- public Bitmap getDrawingCache(boolean autoScale) {
- if ((mViewFlags & WILL_NOT_CACHE_DRAWING) == WILL_NOT_CACHE_DRAWING) {
- return null;
- }
- if ((mViewFlags & DRAWING_CACHE_ENABLED) == DRAWING_CACHE_ENABLED) {
- buildDrawingCache(autoScale);
- }
- return autoScale ? mDrawingCache : mUnscaledDrawingCache;
- }
-
- public void buildDrawingCache(boolean autoScale) {
- if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_DRAWING_CACHE_VALID) == 0 || (autoScale ?
- mDrawingCache == null : mUnscaledDrawingCache == null)) {
- if (Trace.isTagEnabled(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW)) {
- Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW,
- "buildDrawingCache/SW Layer for " + getClass().getSimpleName());
- }
- try {
- buildDrawingCacheImpl(autoScale);
- } finally {
- Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
- }
- }
- }
-
- private void buildDrawingCacheImpl(boolean autoScale) {
- mCachingFailed = false;
-
- int width = mRight - mLeft;
- int height = mBottom - mTop;
-
- final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
- final boolean scalingRequired = attachInfo != null && attachInfo.mScalingRequired;
-
- if (autoScale && scalingRequired) {
- width = (int) ((width * attachInfo.mApplicationScale) + 0.5f);
- height = (int) ((height * attachInfo.mApplicationScale) + 0.5f);
- }
-
- final int drawingCacheBackgroundColor = mDrawingCacheBackgroundColor;
- final boolean opaque = drawingCacheBackgroundColor != 0 || isOpaque();
- final boolean use32BitCache = attachInfo != null && attachInfo.mUse32BitDrawingCache;
-
- final long projectedBitmapSize = width * height * (opaque && !use32BitCache ? 2 : 4);
- final long drawingCacheSize =
- ViewConfiguration.get(mContext).getScaledMaximumDrawingCacheSize();
- if (width <= 0 || height <= 0 || projectedBitmapSize > drawingCacheSize) {
- if (width > 0 && height > 0) {
- Log.w(VIEW_LOG_TAG, getClass().getSimpleName() + " not displayed because it is"
- + " too large to fit into a software layer (or drawing cache), needs "
- + projectedBitmapSize + " bytes, only "
- + drawingCacheSize + " available");
- }
- destroyDrawingCache();
- mCachingFailed = true;
- return;
- }
- ..检测drawingCache原有数据操作..
- try {
- bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(mResources.getDisplayMetrics(),
- width, height, quality);
- bitmap.setDensity(getResources().getDisplayMetrics().densityDpi);
- if (autoScale) {
- mDrawingCache = bitmap;
- } else {
- mUnscaledDrawingCache = bitmap;
- }
- if (opaque && use32BitCache) bitmap.setHasAlpha(false);
- } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
- // If there is not enough memory to create the bitmap cache, just
- // ignore the issue as bitmap caches are not required to draw the
- // view hierarchy
- if (autoScale) {
- mDrawingCache = null;
- } else {
- mUnscaledDrawingCache = null;
- }
- mCachingFailed = true;
- return;
- }
- ..执行Bitmap写入autoScale ? mDrawingCache : mUnscaledDrawingCache操作..
- }
从以上源码中,可以看到getDrawingcache = null 的条件共有四个:
1、(mViewFlags & WILL_NOT_CACHE_DRAWING) == WILL_NOT_CACHE_DRAWING为true
2、没有设置setDrawingCacheEnabled(true)
3、width <= 0 || height <= 0 || projectedBitmapSize > drawingCacheSize为true
4、OutOfMemory
除了第一个条件,其他的都是buildDrawingCache执行时才会触发。下面来分析下条件三。既然子布局可以正常显示,那么一定是满足width>0和height>0的, drawingCacheSize肯定是一个固定值,就是当前设备系统所允许的最大绘制缓存值。projectedBitmapSize的计算方式为width * height * (opaque && !use32BitCache ? 2 : 4),顾名思义,就是当前计划缓存的图片大小,(opaque && !use32BitCache ? 2 : 4)不可能为0,也不可能是导致计划缓存值变大的主因,width就是屏幕的宽,这个没有变动的条件,那么可以肯定就是height出现了异常,对于视图高度的计算,android源码表示如下:
- @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(category = "layout")
- public final int getHeight() {
- return mBottom - mTop;
- }
-
一个View的高度getHeight()就是底-高,其中mBottom指的是视图自身的底边到父视图顶边的距离,mTop指的是视图自身的顶边到父视图顶边的距离。
- Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(view.getWidth(), view.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
- Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
- view.measure(View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(view.getWidth(), View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY), View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(view.getHeight(), View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY));
- view.layout((int) view.getX(), (int) view.getY(), (int) view.getX() + view.getMeasuredWidth(), (int) view.getY() + view.getMeasuredHeight());
- view.draw(canvas);
- return bitmap;