学会iframe并用其解决跨域问题 - 码农知识堂

学会iframe并用其解决跨域问题

了解iframe

官方定义为：iframe是HTML标签，作用是文档中的文档，或者浮动的框架(FRAME)。iframe元素会创建包含另外一个文档的内联框架（即行内框架）。

简单理解为：iframe是一个内联框架，可以在当前HTML页面中嵌入另一个文档。

iframe的属性

这里只介绍常用属性

name:规定的名称。</p> <p>width:规定 <iframe> 的宽度。</p> <p>height:规定 <iframe> 的高度。</p> <p>src:规定在 <iframe> 中显示的文档的 URL。</p> <p>frameborder:HTML5 不支持。规定是否显示 <iframe> 周围的边框。属性值为1或者0，1代表有边框，0代表无边框。</p> <p>scrolling:HTML5 不支持。规定是否在 <iframe> 中显示滚动条。属性值为yes、no、auto。</p> <p>align:HTML5 不支持。HTML 4.01 已废弃。规定如何根据周围的元素来对齐 <iframe>。属性值有left、right、middle、top、bottom</p> <p> <p>简单演示：</p> <pre data-index="0"><code class="language-html hljs language-xml"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:1212px"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">h1</span>></span>演示iframe的使用<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">h1</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">iframe</span> <span class="hljs-attr">src</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"http://www.bilibili.com"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"ifr"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">frameborder</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"1"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">height</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"400"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">width</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"600"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">scrolling</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"no"</span>></span>你的浏览器不支持该iframe标签<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">iframe</span>></span></div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p>我们设置了一个名为ifr，宽为600，高为400，显示边框，隐藏滑动条，显示文档为b站（也可以选择本地html文档）的内联框架。我们可以在iframe标签中写上文字说明，因为有一些低版本浏览器不支持这个标签，显示不了文档的时候就会在页面显示我们写的文字。</p> <p>打开浏览器看下效果：</p> <p><img alt="" height="378" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/08/09/084847439.png" ></p> <p> <p><strong>获取iframe内的内容</strong></p> <pre data-index="1"><code class="language-html hljs language-xml"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:100%"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">h1</span>></span>演示iframe的使用<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">h1</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">iframe</span> <span class="hljs-attr">src</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"./t1.html"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"myiframe"</span>></span>你的浏览器不支持该iframe标签<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">iframe</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="language-javascript"></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//获取iframe标签</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> myiframe=<span class="hljs-variable language_">document</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">querySelector</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"#myiframe"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//获取它的window对象</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> mywindow=myiframe.<span class="hljs-property">contentWindow</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//获取它的document对象</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> mydocument=mywindow.<span class="hljs-property">document</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span></div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p> <p><strong>解决跨域问题</strong></p> <p><strong>1、document.domain+iframe</strong></p> <p>这个方法只能用于同一个主域下不同子域之间的跨域请求，比如a.com和1.a.com 之间，1.a.com和2.a.com 之间。</p> <p>只要把两个页面的document.domian都指向主域就可以了，比如document.domain="a.com"。</p> <p>父页面通过iframe嵌入子页面，通过iframe.contentWindow获取子页面的window,即可操作子页面，子页面通过parent.window和parent来访问父页面的window。</p> <p>写个例子：</p> <pre data-index="2"><code class="language-html hljs language-xml"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:100%"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">//父页面http://a.com/a.html</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">iframe</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"myiframe"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">src</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"http://1.a.com"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">iframe</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="language-javascript"></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-variable language_">document</span>.<span class="hljs-property">domain</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"a.com"</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> myiframe=<span class="hljs-variable language_">document</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">queryselector</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"#myiframe"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> name1=<span class="hljs-number">1</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment">//获取子页面的属性</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> name22 = myiframe.<span class="hljs-property">contentWindow</span>.<span class="hljs-property">name2</span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span></div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <pre data-index="3"><code class="language-javascript hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:100%"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment">//子页面 http://1.a.com/b.html</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-variable language_">document</span>.<span class="hljs-property">domain</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"a.com"</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> name2=<span class="hljs-number">2</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment">//获取父页面的属性</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> name11=parent.<span class="hljs-property">window</span>.<span class="hljs-property">name1</span></div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p> <p><strong>2、window.name+iframe</strong></p> <p>实现是基于window.name传递数据。name 在浏览器环境中是一个全局window对象的属性<br> 当在 iframe 中加载新页面时，name 的属性值依旧保持不变。</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item ul-li"> <b>相关阅读:</b><br> <nobr> <a href="/Article/Index/1106135">同事：这个页面的逻辑没什么能复用的，不抽组件也没什么影响吧？</a> <br /> <a href="/Article/Index/1357796">中国数字化转型浪潮下，移动钱包成为全球App标配</a> <br /> <a href="/Article/Index/666930">Tomcat深入浅出(一)</a> <br /> <a href="/Article/Index/641885">企业全面云化的时代——云数据库的未来</a> <br /> <a href="/Article/Index/1171515">第三十九篇自定义指令 - directive</a> <br /> <a 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