talking about … / speaking of … / regarding … / as regards … / as far as … is concerned / as for …
例句：
I saw Max and Sue today. You know she …
Talking about Max, you know he’s leaving?
Regarding that car you were thinking of selling - how much do you want for it?
As far as your transfer request is concerned, we’ll be discussing it at the next morning.
I’ve invited Andy and Bob. As for Jack, I never want to see him again.
【二】Where are we?
功能：用于细分结构或改变主题
常见表达：
1.细分结构： firstly / first of all / 【to begin with / to start with】（这两个不正式） / in the first place / initially / first and formos / secondly / thirdly / moreover / besides / in addition / plus / finally / at last / lastly / futhermore / on the one hand / on the other (hand) / for one thing / for another (thing) /
2.改变主体：【turning now to …】（非常正式） / now …
3.短暂变换主体： by the way / incidentally.
4.回归先前主体： to return to the previous point / as I was saying
5.总结： to sum up / in conclusion / briefly / in short / to conclude
【三】What are we doing?
功能：用于表达正在使用 / 进行什么类型的对话，介绍信息、解释、论证、说服
表达： Generalising / Exceptions:
Generalising： on the whole / to a great extent / to some extent / in general / (in all / most / many / some cases) / broadly speaking
Exceptions： except for … / apart from …
表达逻辑关系： consequently / therefore / as a result / so / then …
表达相似性： similarly / in the same way / just as
showing a contrast 展现反面
however / nevertheless / nonethless / yet
The Greeks and Romans had no symbol for zero. Nevertheless / Nonetheless, they made remarkable progress in maths.
despite this / that = in spite of this / that
mind you
The weather here is pretty depressing. Mind you, it’s beautiful in spring.
Balancing contrast points 平衡对比
on the one hand, on the other hand
while = whereas 然而
I like mountains, while / whereas my brother prefers the seaside.
persuading 尝试说服
after all / look / look here
Why shouldn’t she buy a horse if she wants to? After all, she’s rich.
contradicting 强调完全相反
On the contrary / quite the opposite
Some people think Wales is in England. On the contrary, they are different countries.
concession 让步关系
It is true that … 确实 …
… cannot agree with colonialism. It is true that the British way may have dome some good in India. Even so, colonialism is basically evil.
注：让步是不否认前者的转折
转折： however（对比 while / whereas）
granted / certainly / of course
if 表示让步时
His poetry, if difficult to understand, nonetheless has a good deal of charm.
counter-argument 反驳
反驳： nevertheless / nonthless / however
even so / but / still / all the same（任然）
He was incapable of lasting relationships with women. Certainly, several women loved him, and he was married twice. All the same, the women closest to him were always deeply unhappy.
adding 附加
futhermore / futher / moreover / in addition / what’s more / also / as well as that / another thing is / besides / I mean / on top of that 此外，另外
making things clear 给出更多细节
that is to say / in other words / actually / I mean
How do I feel about this？ and what about you？
功能：用于表达作者或者说话的人的观点和态度
常见表达：
① Showing speaker’s / writer’s attitude 表达作者 / 说话的人的态度： no doubt / honestly / frankly
② Softening and Correcting： in my view / in my opinion / apparently / so to speak / that is to say / more or less / I think / I feel / I suppose / I reckon / I guess / really / sort of = kind of
well / at least / I’m afraid / or rather / actually / I mean
③ Gaining time： let me see / let’s see / let me think / well / you know / I don’t know / I mean / kind of / sort of
Dismissing what was said
功能：在于表达之前所说的内容不重要，接下来说的才是重点
表达： anyway / in any case / at any rate
I’m not sure what I’ll arrive, maybe seven or eight. In any case / Anyhow / At any rate, I’ll certainly be there before 8:30.
表达不一样的想法
功能：用于介绍会和听话者 / 读者的观点相矛盾的时候
表达：in fact / as a matter of fact / to tell the truth / actually / well