接口测试——HttpClient

这里写目录标题

Get请求
Post请求
HttpClient设置代理
FastJson的应用示例
常用的代码块
- - 正则表达式（提取）
  - 封装后的一个demo

HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议

Get请求

一共七步，具体如下：
（1）创建HttpClient对象
（2）创建带请求地址的httpGet对象
（3）执行请求，获得响应
（4）获得响应体
（5）获得响应内容
（6）释放资源
（7）断开连接
注意请求地址种有多个参数用&连接
请求参数如果包含非英文字符，需要encode转码
例如：String para = URLEncoder.encode("{\"pId\":\"123457\"}", "UTF-8");
想要打印响应体时，要转化为字符串。

package base;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.Header;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class GetBaidu {

	String URL = "http://www.baidu.com/";
	String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/skuList";
	String url3 = "http://146.56.246.116:8080/Supermarket/analysis/lookupprice?goodsCode={\"pId\":\"123457\"}";
	// 参数为json形式的要转化
	String url31 = "http://146.56.246.116:8080/Supermarket/analysis/lookupprice?goodsCode=";

	@Test
	public void test1() throws IOException, ParseException {
		String para = URLEncoder.encode("{\"pId\":\"123457\"}", "UTF-8");

		// 1.创建HttpClient对象
		CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

		// 2.创建带请求地址的HttpGet对象
		HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url31 + para);

		// 3.执行请求，获得响应（响应行，响应头，响应体/正文）
		CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
		// 响应行
		String response_line = response.getCode() + " " + response.getReasonPhrase();
		System.out.println(response_line);
		// 响应头
		Header[] headers = response.getHeaders();
		for (Header header : headers) {
			System.out.println(header.getName() + header.getValue());
		}

		// 4.获得响应体
		HttpEntity response_entity = response.getEntity();

		// 5.获取响应体内容
		String response_str = EntityUtils.toString(response_entity, "utf-8");//转化为字符串
		System.out.println(response_str);

		// 6.释放资源
		EntityUtils.consume(response_entity);

		// 7.断开连接
		response.close();
		client.close();
	}

}

效果如下图：
在这里插入图片描述

Post请求

步骤如下：
（1）创建HttpClient对象
（2）创建带请求地址的HttpPost对象
（3）设置HttpPost对象的header属性
（4）设置HttpPost参数（请求体）
（5）执行HttpPost请求，获取post请求的响应
（6）获取响应实体
（7）获取响应内容
（8）释放资源
（9）断开连接
注意：
（1）form类型、json类型请求体的创建
（2）当请求体里又中文时，要改为utf-8编码：
post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(user, Charset.forName("utf-8")));
示例如下：

package base;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class PostDemo {

	@Test
	public void testForm() throws IOException, ParseException {

		// 1.创建httpClient对象
		CloseableHttpClient client1 = HttpClients.createDefault();
		// 2.创建一个post请求
		HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://httpbin.org/post");

		// 3.设置请求头
		post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

		// 4.设置请求体
		// 第一种方法设置请求体
		List<NameValuePair> user = new ArrayList<>();
		user.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "vip"));
		user.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "secret"));

		// 设置POST的请求体
		post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(user));

		// 第二种方法设置请求体
//		HttpEntity user2 = new StringEntity("username=vip&password=secret");
//		post.setEntity(user2);

		// 5.执行请求
		CloseableHttpResponse response = client1.execute(post);
		// 6.获得响应实体
		HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
		// 7.获得响应内容
		String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
		System.out.println(result);
		EntityUtils.consume(entity);
		// 8.释放资源
		response.close();
		client1.close();
	}

	@Test
	public void testJSON() throws IOException, ParseException {

		// 1.创建HttpClient对象
		CloseableHttpClient client1 = HttpClients.createDefault();
		// 2.创建post请求
		HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/fgadmin/login");

		// 3.设置请求头
		post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");

		// 4.设置请求体
		HttpEntity user = new StringEntity(
				"{\"phoneArea\":\"86\", " + "  \"phoneNumber\":\"2000\"," + "  \"password\":\"123456\" }");
		post.setEntity(user);

		// 5.执行请求
		CloseableHttpResponse response = client1.execute(post);
		// 6.获得响应实体
		HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
		// 7.获得响应内容
		String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
		System.out.println(result);
		EntityUtils.consume(entity);
		// 7.断开连接
		response.close();
		client1.close();
	}

}

注意

根据具体登录请求选择HttpEntity具体类型（HttpEntity的两个实现类：StringEntity和UrlEncodedEntity）
登录请求中的Content-Type需要设置正确
如果不想使用同一个HttpClient对象传递登录信息，可以考虑对需要登录信息请求分别设置cookie
httpPost.setHeader("Cookie"," mindsparktb_232530392=true; mindsparktbsupport_232530392=true");
了解一下CookieStore

HttpClient设置代理

创建Client对象的代码改为如下，即可设置代理。（此时我们可以在fiddler中捕捉到请求和响应）

 HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("127.0.0.1",8888);
		 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).build();
		 CloseableHttpClient client= HttpClientBuilder.create().
				 setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();

FastJson的应用示例

FastJson是啊里巴巴的的开源库，用于对JSON格式的数据进行解析和打包。

下载jar包：
https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba.fastjson2/fastjson2
并导入eclipse

示例：

使用FastJson构建 JSON请求体
（1）请求头的设置：post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
（2）请求体：

JSONObject user = new JSONObject();
user.put("phoneArea", "86");
user.put("phoneNumber", "2000");
user.put("password", "123456");

JSON响应的解析

JSONObject jsonResult = this.doPost(url, user);
//或者
```java
result = EntityUtils.toString(response_entity, "utf-8");
jsonResult = JSON.parseObject(result);

如获得下列响应：
在这里插入图片描述

获得各个值如下所示：

		assertEquals(jsonResult.getString("code"), "200");
		assertEquals(jsonResult.getString("message"), "success");
//		根据key获得json数组
		JSONArray array_result=jsonResult.getJSONArray("result");
//		获得json数组的第一个值
		JSONObject array1=array_result.getJSONObject(0);
		System.out.println(array1.getString("skuName"));
		System.out.println(array1.getIntValue("price"));
		System.out.println(jsonResult.containsKey("code"));
		System.out.println(jsonResult.get("message"));

常用的代码块

正则表达式（提取）

public static String match(String source, String left, String right) {
		String reg = left + "(.*?)" + right;
		String result = source;
		String s = null;

		Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(reg);
		Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(result);
		if (matcher.find()) {
			s = matcher.group(1);
			System.out.println(s);
		}
		return s;
	}

封装后的一个demo

package demo0909;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.cookie.BasicCookieStore;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.cookie.CookieStore;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.StringEntity;

import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSONObject;

//课间休息至15:45
public class HttpDriver {

	// 返回cookie
	public static CookieStore getCookie(String url, JSONObject body) {
		CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
		CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
		String txt = null;
		HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
		post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
		post.setEntity(new StringEntity(body.toString()));

		try {
			CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
			HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
			txt = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
			EntityUtils.consume(entity);
			response.close();
			client.close();
		} catch (ParseException | IOException e1) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
		return cookieStore;

	}

	public static String doGet(String url) {
		CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
		HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
		get.setHeader("User-Agent", "PostmanRuntime/7.29.2");
		String txt = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse fee_response;
		try {
			fee_response = client.execute(get);

			HttpEntity entity = fee_response.getEntity();

			txt = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
			EntityUtils.consume(entity);
			fee_response.close();
			client.close();
		} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return txt;

	}

	// 将map类型的参数转化为string类型
	public static String mapToString(Map<String, Object> para) {
		StringBuilder sBuilder = new StringBuilder();
		sBuilder.append("?");
		int size = para.size();
		for (Entry<String, Object> entry : para.entrySet()) {
			sBuilder.append(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
			size--;
			if (size >= 1) {
				sBuilder.append("&");
			}
		}
		return sBuilder.toString();

	}

	// 返回响应体
	public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, Object> para) {
		CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
		HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url + mapToString(para));
		get.setHeader("User-Agent", "PostmanRuntime/7.29.2");
		String txt = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse fee_response;
		try {
			fee_response = client.execute(get);

			HttpEntity entity = fee_response.getEntity();

			txt = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
			EntityUtils.consume(entity);
			fee_response.close();
			client.close();
		} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return txt;

	}

	// 根据cookie找到对应的client对象
	public static String doGet(String url, CookieStore cookie) {
		CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultCookieStore(cookie).build();
		HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
		String txt = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse fee_response;
		try {
			fee_response = client.execute(get);

			HttpEntity entity = fee_response.getEntity();

			txt = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
			EntityUtils.consume(entity);
			fee_response.close();
			client.close();
		} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return txt;

	}

//	针对的是请求体Form
	public static String doPost(String url, List<NameValuePair> body) {

		CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

		String txt = null;
		HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
		post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
		post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(body));

		try {
			CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
			HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
			txt = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
			EntityUtils.consume(entity);
			response.close();
			client.close();
		} catch (ParseException | IOException e1) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
		return txt;

	}

//	针对的是请求体JSON
	public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject body) {
		CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
		String txt = null;
		HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
		post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
		post.setEntity(new StringEntity(body.toString()));

		try {
			CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
			HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
			txt = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
			EntityUtils.consume(entity);
			response.close();
			client.close();
		} catch (ParseException | IOException e1) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
		return txt;

	}

	public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject body, CookieStore cookieStore) {
		CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
		String txt = null;
		HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
		post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
		post.setEntity(new StringEntity(body.toString()));

		try {
			CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
			HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
			txt = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
			EntityUtils.consume(entity);
			response.close();
			client.close();
		} catch (ParseException | IOException e1) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
		return txt;

	}

}

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原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_51508220/article/details/126863880