【Linux】最新CentOS8内核升级

前言

在操作软件时，很多时候会遇见内核版本过低的情况，本文主要学习升级内核版本。

升级内核操作需谨慎。

核心命令

rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" install kernel-ml
grub2-set-default 0
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详细步骤请往里走。

1、查看当前内核版本

uname -r
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4.18.0-193.14.2.el8_2.x86_64
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2、导入ELRepo仓库的公共密钥：

rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
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3、安装ELRepo仓库的yum源：

yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm
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[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/OpenSSL/crypto.py:12: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
  from cryptography import x509

Invalid configuration value: failovermethod=priority in /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-epel.repo; Configuration: OptionBinding with id "failovermethod" does not exist
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

            42  B/s |  38  B     00:00    
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist
[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# sudo sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# sudo sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/OpenSSL/crypto.py:12: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
  from cryptography import x509

Invalid configuration value: failovermethod=priority in /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-epel.repo; Configuration: OptionBinding with id "failovermethod" does not exist
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ...
Installed:
  elrepo-release-8.3-1.el8.elrepo.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

Complete!
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出现报错：

Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist
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CentOS团队从官方镜像中移除CentOS 8的所有包，但软件包仍在官方镜像上保留一段时间。现在被转移到https://vault.centos.org。如需继续运行旧CentOS 8，可以在/etc/yum.repos中更新repos.d，使用vault.centos.org代替mirror.centos.org

sudo sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
sudo sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g' /etc/yum.repos
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4、安装最新版内核

启用 ELRepo 源仓库

yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
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安装
在 ELRepo 中有两个内核选项，一个是 kernel-lt(长期支持版本)，一个是 kernel-ml(主线最新版本)，采用长期支持版本(kernel-lt)更稳定。

yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml
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[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/OpenSSL/crypto.py:12: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
  from cryptography import x509

Invalid configuration value: failovermethod=priority in /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-epel.repo; Configuration: OptionBinding with id "failovermethod" does not exist
ELRepo.org Community Enterprise Linux Kernel Repository - el8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

           441 kB/s | 2.1 MB     00:04    
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu 18 Aug 2022 05:56:16 PM CST.
Available Packages
bpftool.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                      5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo                                                                                                                       ...
perf.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                         5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo                                                                                                                       

                              elrepo-kernel
python3-perf.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                 5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo                                                                                                                       

                              elrepo-kernel
[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" install kernel-ml
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/OpenSSL/crypto.py:12: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
  from cryptography import x509
                                                          Version                                                                                         Repository                                        
...

Installed:
  kernel-ml-5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64                                                                               kernel-ml-core-5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64                                                                               kernel-ml-modules-5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64                                     
                                       
Complete!
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5、设置以新的内核启动

查看当前默认启动内核

grubby --default-kernel
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[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# grubby --default-kernel
/boot/vmlinuz-5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64
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0 表示最新安装的内核，设置为 0 表示以新版本内核启动：

grub2-set-default 0
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或指定内核启动

grubby --set-default /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64
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6、重启验证新内核

[root@iZhp33j6fklnmhbf0lz2obZ yum.repos.d]# uname -r
5.19.2-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64
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