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在macOS上安装NodeJS多版本管理工具
需求
现在Node.js也有很多的版本啦，简单地使用某个版本，只需要去下载安装对应版本就可以了。
如果需要多个版本在机器上共存，并在需要时切换到相应的版本环境，这时候就需要多版本的管理工具了。而 n, nvm就是这个有效的工具。
简介
NVM， 即 NodeJS Version Management， 存在2个nodeJS的版本管理工具，分别是：
- n
- nvm
工具 n
在MacOS里，安装使用n的方式是最简单的。
Note： 其实，n执行文件是一个bash脚本文件。感兴趣可以直接查看脚步。
工具软件n支持brew安装
% brew install n- 1
安装成功，看看执行文件
% ls -l /usr/local/bin/n lrwxr-xr-x 1 david admin 23 8 18 09:04 /usr/local/bin/n -> ../Cellar/n/8.0.1/bin/n- 1
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执行一下n命令：
% n -h Usage: n [options] [COMMAND] [args] Commands: n Display downloaded Node.js versions and install selection n latest Install the latest Node.js release (downloading if necessary) n lts Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary) n <version> Install Node.js <version> (downloading if necessary) n install <version> Install Node.js <version> (downloading if necessary) n run <version> [args ...] Execute downloaded Node.js <version> with [args ...] n which <version> Output path for downloaded node <version> n exec <vers> <cmd> [args...] Execute command with modified PATH, so downloaded node <version> and npm first n rm <version ...> Remove the given downloaded version(s) n prune Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version n --latest Output the latest Node.js version available n --lts Output the latest LTS Node.js version available n ls Output downloaded versions n ls-remote [version] Output matching versions available for download n uninstall Remove the installed Node.js Options: -V, --version Output version of n -h, --help Display help information -p, --preserve Preserve npm and npx during install of Node.js -q, --quiet Disable curl output. Disable log messages processing "auto" and "engine" labels. -d, --download Download if necessary, and don't make active -a, --arch Override system architecture --all ls-remote displays all matches instead of last 20 --insecure Turn off certificate checking for https requests (may be needed from behind a proxy server) --use-xz/--no-use-xz Override automatic detection of xz support and enable/disable use of xz compressed node downloads. Aliases: install: i latest: current ls: list lsr: ls-remote lts: stable rm: - run: use, as which: bin Versions: Numeric version numbers can be complete or incomplete, with an optional leading 'v'. Versions can also be specified by label, or codename, and other downloadable releases by <remote-folder>/<version> 4.9.1, 8, v6.1 Numeric versions lts Newest Long Term Support official release latest, current Newest official release auto Read version from file: .n-node-version, .node-version, .nvmrc, or package.json engine Read version from package.json boron, carbon Codenames for release streams lts_latest Node.js support aliases and nightly, rc/10 et al- 1
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按照help的信息，可以使用n工具，我们可以按照特定的nodeJS版本，切换到指定的nodeJS版本环境。
工具 nvm
上面n是macOS内最简单的nodeJS工具了，还有nvm，它就是nodejs version management的缩写。项目的git地址：
https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvmnvm也支持各个OS平台，有爱好者分别提供了各平台的版本。
macOS内，brew并没有很好地支持nvm。
nvm 文档介绍执行下面的命令之一来进行安装
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.1/install.sh | bash wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.1/install.sh | bash- 1
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但因为网络稳定方面的原因，并不好用，最好先
git clone或者下载下来再执行脚本更可靠些。Note： 下载或clone到本地后，执行
install.sh之前，先对脚本文件chmod +x。感兴趣可以看一下脚本文件。nvm需要设置NVM目录环境变量，官方推荐在.
～/.nvm：- 创建一下这个目录，
sudo mkdir ~/.nvm - 修改shell的环境变量， 注意max OS使用的是zsh， 对于～/.zshrc配置文件， 按照介绍文档，添加：
# >>> nvm init export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm" [ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm [ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" # This loads nvm bash_completion # <<< nvm init- 1
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- 更新一些环境，执行
source ~/.zshrc - 执行脚本
sudo install.sh
在install成功后，执行一下nvm看看： ```shell % nvm Node Version Manager (v0.39.1) Note:refers to any version-like string nvm understands. This includes: - full or partial version numbers, starting with an optional "v" (0.10, v0.1.2, v1) - default (built-in) aliases: node, stable, unstable, iojs, system - custom aliases you define with `nvm alias foo` Any options that produce colorized output should respect the `--no-colors` option. Usage: nvm --help Show this message --no-colors Suppress colored output nvm --version Print out the installed version of nvm nvm install [ ] Download and install a . Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted. The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm install`: -s Skip binary download, install from source only. -b Skip source download, install from binary only. --reinstall-packages-from= When installing, reinstall packages installed in When installing, only select from versions for a specific LTS line --skip-default-packages When installing, skip the default-packages file if it exists --latest-npm After installing, attempt to upgrade to the latest working npm on the given node version --no-progress Disable the progress bar on any downloads --alias= After installing, set the alias specified to the version specified. (same as: nvm alias ) --default After installing, set default alias to the version specified. (same as: nvm alias default ) nvm uninstall Uninstall a version nvm uninstall --lts Uninstall using automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available. nvm uninstall --lts= Uninstall using automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available. nvm use [ ] Modify PATH to use . Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted. The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm use`: --silent Silences stdout/stderr output --lts Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available. --lts= Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available. nvm exec [ ] [ ] Run on . Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted. The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm exec`: --silent Silences stdout/stderr output --lts Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available. --lts= Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available. nvm run [ ] [ ] Run `node` on with as arguments. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted. The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm run`: --silent Silences stdout/stderr output --lts Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available. --lts= Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available. nvm current Display currently activated version of Node nvm ls [ ] List installed versions, matching a given if provided --no-colors Suppress colored output --no-alias Suppress `nvm alias` output nvm ls-remote [ ] List remote versions available for install, matching a given if provided --lts When listing, only show LTS (long-term support) versions --lts= When listing, only show versions for a specific LTS line --no-colors Suppress colored output nvm version Resolve the given description to a single local version nvm version-remote Resolve the given description to a single remote version --lts When listing, only select from LTS (long-term support) versions --lts= When listing, only select from versions for a specific LTS line nvm deactivate Undo effects of `nvm` on current shell --silent Silences stdout/stderr output nvm alias [ ] Show all aliases beginning with --no-colors Suppress colored output nvm alias Set an alias named pointing to nvm unalias Deletes the alias named nvm install-latest-npm Attempt to upgrade to the latest working `npm` on the current node version nvm reinstall-packages Reinstall global `npm` packages contained in to current version nvm unload Unload `nvm` from shell nvm which [current | ] Display path to installed node version. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted. --silent Silences stdout/stderr output when a version is omitted nvm cache dir Display path to the cache directory for nvm nvm cache clear Empty cache directory for nvm nvm set-colors [ ] Set five text colors using format "yMeBg". Available when supported. Initial colors are: g b y r e Color codes: r/R = red / bold red g/G = green / bold green b/B = blue / bold blue c/C = cyan / bold cyan m/M = magenta / bold magenta y/Y = yellow / bold yellow k/K = black / bold black e/W = light grey / white Example: nvm install 8.0.0 Install a specific version number nvm use 8.0 Use the latest available 8.0.x release nvm run 6.10.3 app.js Run app.js using node 6.10.3 nvm exec 4.8.3 node app.js Run `node app.js` with the PATH pointing to node 4.8.3 nvm alias default 8.1.0 Set default node version on a shell nvm alias default node Always default to the latest available node version on a shell nvm install node Install the latest available version nvm use node Use the latest version nvm install --lts Install the latest LTS version nvm use --lts Use the latest LTS version nvm set-colors cgYmW Set text colors to cyan, green, bold yellow, magenta, and white Note: to remove, delete, or uninstall nvm - just remove the `$NVM_DIR` folder (usually `~/.nvm`) - 1
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好了， 可以使用nvm来按照，管理，切换nodeJS各个版本。
执行：
% nvm ls-remote --lts- 1
列出来所有的lts版本，当前lts的nodeJS是16.17版本，安装一下：
% nvm install 16- 1
安装v16最新的版本, 在安装另一个版本：
% nvm install 14 Downloading and installing node v14.20.0... Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v14.20.0/node-v14.20.0-darwin-x64.tar.xz... ############################################################################################################################################################################################################# 100.0% Computing checksum with shasum -a 256 Checksums matched! Now using node v14.20.0 (npm v6.14.17)- 1
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列出安装的版本信息：
% nvm list -> v14.20.0 v16.17.0 system default -> 16.17 (-> v16.17.0) iojs -> N/A (default) unstable -> N/A (default) node -> stable (-> v16.17.0) (default) stable -> 16.17 (-> v16.17.0) (default) lts/* -> lts/gallium (-> v16.17.0) lts/argon -> v4.9.1 (-> N/A) lts/boron -> v6.17.1 (-> N/A) lts/carbon -> v8.17.0 (-> N/A) lts/dubnium -> v10.24.1 (-> N/A) lts/erbium -> v12.22.12 (-> N/A) lts/fermium -> v14.20.0 lts/gallium -> v16.17.0 % % node Welcome to Node.js v14.20.0. Type ".help" for more information. >- 1
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当前版本Node.js v14.20, 切换到v16版本
% nvm use 16 Now using node v16.17.0 (npm v8.15.0) % node Welcome to Node.js v16.17.0. Type ".help" for more information. >- 1
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现在你可以有效地管理使用多版本的Node.js了。
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/whereismatrix/article/details/126398258
