• 【python】使用python操作XML文件及JSON与XML互转

    目录

    1. XML文件简单介绍

    1.1 XML文件的格式

    2. python解析XML文件

    2.1 ElementTree方式

    2.2 DOM方式

    2.2.1 使用DOM方式写入XML文件

     2.2.2 使用DOM方式更新xml文件，向xml中插入子元素

    3. XML文件和JSON文件互转

    3.1  XML文件转为JSON文件

     3.2  JSON文件转为XML文件

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    1. XML文件简单介绍

    XML，Extensible Markup Language，翻译为可扩展标记语言。

    XML是互联网数据传输的重要工具，它可以跨越互联网任何的平台，不受编程语言和系统的限制。

    XML处理结构化文档信息很方便，有助于在服务器之间穿梭结构化数据，开发人员可以更加方便的控制数据的存储和传输。

    XML用于标记电子文件使其具有结构性的标记语言，可以用来标记数据、定义数据类型，是一种允许用户对自己的标记语言进行定义的源语言。XML是标准通用标记语言（SGML）的子集，非常事合Web传输。XML提供统一的方法来描述和交换独立于应用程序或供应商的结构化数据。

    XML的特点：

    1. XML与编程语言的开发平台无关
    2. 实现不同系统之间的数据交互

    XML的作用

    1. 配置应用程序和网站
    2. 数据交互
    3. Ajax基石

    1.1 XML文件的格式

    XML的具体规则如下：

    1. 区分大小写；
    2. 有且只有一个根元素；
    3. 属性值使用引号，i安逸使用双引号；
    4. 所有的标记必须有相应的结束标记；
    5. 所有的空标记也必须被关闭；

    XML文件中包含声明、根元素、子元素、属性、命名空间、限定名六个部分。

    XML可以有声明，也可以没有声明，如果有声明，那么它必须是XML文件的第一行，如下：

    如上声明有三部分：版本、编码和独立性。
    版本指明了正在使用的XML标准的版本；
    Encoding表示在该文件中使用的字符编码类型；
    Standalone表示解析器是否要外部信息来解释XML文件的内容。

    XML文件可以表示为XML树，XML树从根元素开始，根元素进一步分支到子元素。XML文件的每个元素都是XML树种的一个节点，那些没有子节点的元素是叶节点。

    示例，有如下XML文档

    1. <bookstore>
    2.     <book category="COOKING">
    3.         <title lang="en">Everyday Italiantitle>
    4.         <author>Giada De Laurentiisauthor>
    5.         <year>2005year>
    6.         <price>30.00price>
    7.     book>
    8.     <book category="CHILDERN">
    9.         <title lang="en">Harry Pottertitle>
    10.         <author>J K. Rowlingauthor>
    11.         <year>2005year>
    12.         <price>29.99price>
    13.     book>
    14.     <book category="WEB">
    15.         <title lang="en">Learning XMLtitle>
    16.         <author>Erik T. Rayauthor>
    17.         <year>2003year>
    18.         <price>39.99price>
    19.     book>
    20. bookstore>

    在这个示例中，根元素是，是根元素的子元素，又有四个子元素：、<author>、<year>、<price>。</p> <h1 id="2.%20python%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90XML%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><a name="t3"></a>2. python解析XML文件</h1> <h2 id="2.1%20ElementTree%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><a name="t4"></a>2.1 ElementTree方式</h2> <p>ElementTree模块提供了一个轻量级、Python分割的API，同时还有一个高效的C语言实现，即xml.etree.cElementTree。与DOM相比，ET的速度更快，API使用更直接、方便，与SAX相比，ET.iterparse函数同样提供了按需解析的功能，不会一次性在内存中读入整个文档。ET的性能与SAX模块大致相仿，但是API更加高层次，用户使用起来更加便捷。</p> <p>Element对象提供了如下方法：</p> <div class="table-box"><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td>类方法</td><td>说明</td></tr><tr><td>Element.iter(tag=None)</td><td>遍历该Element所有后代，也可以指定tag进行遍历寻找</td></tr><tr><td>Element.iterfind(path,namespaces=None)</td><td>根据tag或path查找所有后代</td></tr><tr><td>Element.itertext()</td><td>遍历所有后代并返回text值</td></tr><tr><td>Element.findall(path)</td><td>查找当前元素下tag或path能够匹配的直系节点</td></tr><tr><td> <p>Element.findtext(path,default=None,</p> <p>namespace=None)</p> </td><td>寻找第一个匹配子元素，返回其text值，匹配对象可以为tag或path</td></tr><tr><td>Element.find(path)</td><td>查找当前元素下tag或path能够匹配的首个直系节点</td></tr><tr><td>Element.text</td><td>获取当前元素的text值</td></tr><tr><td>Element.get(key,default=None)</td><td>获取元素指定key对应的属性值，如果没有该属性，则返回default值</td></tr><tr><td>Element.keys()</td><td>返回元素属性名称列表</td></tr><tr><td>Element.items()</td><td>返回（name,value)列表</td></tr><tr><td>Element.getchildren()</td><td>获取当前元素的所有子元素，建议使用iter()代替，后续版本可能会移除该函数</td></tr><tr><td>Element.getiterator(tag=None)</td><td>同iter()，2.7和3.2版本之前没有iter(0，使用getiterator()，后续版本可能会移除</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>属性方法</p> <ul><li>Element.tag                        节点名 tag str</li><li>Element.attrib                      属性 attributes dict</li><li>Element.text                        文本 text str</li><li>Element.tail                         附加文本 tail str</li><li>Element[:]                            子节点列表 list</li></ul> <p>示例：有一个xml文档1.xml，使用ElementTree模块解析该文档</p> <p>1.xml文档</p> <pre data-index="2" class="set-code-hide" name="code"><code class="language-XML hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:100%"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">collection</span> <span class="hljs-attr">shelf</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"New Arrivals"</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">class</span> <span class="hljs-attr">className</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"1班"</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>2022001<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">number</span>></span>10<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">number</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">teacher</span>></span>小白<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">teacher</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">class</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">class</span> <span class="hljs-attr">className</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"2班"</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>2022002<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">number</span>></span>20<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">number</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">teacher</span>></span>小红<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">teacher</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">class</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">class</span> <span class="hljs-attr">className</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"3班"</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span>2022003<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">code</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">number</span>></span>30<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">number</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">teacher</span>></span>小黑<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">teacher</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">class</span>></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">collection</span>></span></div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/06/27/191644837.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p>python的ElementTree模块解析该文件</p> <pre data-index="3"><code class="language-python hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:100%"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> xml.etree.ElementTree <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> ET</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">tree = ET.ElementTree(file=<span class="hljs-string">"1.xml"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"tree type is "</span>,<span class="hljs-built_in">type</span>(tree))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">root = tree.getroot()</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"root type is "</span>,<span class="hljs-built_in">type</span>(root))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"节点名 is "</span>,root.tag) <span class="hljs-comment"># 节点名</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> index,child <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">enumerate</span>(root):</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"第%s个%s元素，属性：%s"</span>%(index,child.tag,child.attrib))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i,child_child <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">enumerate</span>(child):</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"\t标签：%s，内容：%s"</span>%(child_child.tag,child_child.text))</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p>显示结果：</p> <blockquote> <p>tree type is  <class 'xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree'><br> root type is  <class 'xml.etree.ElementTree.Element'><br> 节点名 is  collection<br> 第0个class元素，属性：{'className': '1班'}<br>         标签：code，内容：2022001<br>         标签：number，内容：10<br>         标签：teacher，内容：小白<br> 第1个class元素，属性：{'className': '2班'}<br>         标签：code，内容：2022002<br>         标签：number，内容：20<br>         标签：teacher，内容：小红<br> 第2个class元素，属性：{'className': '3班'}<br>         标签：code，内容：2022003<br>         标签：number，内容：30<br>         标签：teacher，内容：小黑</p> </blockquote> <h2 id="2.2%20DOM%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><a name="t5"></a>2.2 DOM方式</h2> <p>DOM，Document Object Model，将XML文档作为一颗树状结构进行分析，获取节点的内容以及相关属性，或是新增、删除和修改节点的内容。XML解析器在加载XML文件以后，DQM模式将XML文件的元素视为一个树状结构的节点，一次性读入内存。</p> <p>示例</p> <pre data-index="4" class="set-code-hide" name="code"><code class="language-python hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:762px"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># DOM方式解析XML文件</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> xml.dom.minidom <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> parse</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 读取文件</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">dom = parse(<span class="hljs-string">'1.xml'</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 获取文档元素对象</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">elem = dom.documentElement</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 获取class</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">class_list_obj = elem.getElementsByTagName(<span class="hljs-string">'class'</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">type</span>(class_list_obj))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> class_element <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> class_list_obj:</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment"># 获取标签中的内容</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> code = class_element.getElementsByTagName(<span class="hljs-string">'code'</span>)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].childNodes[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].nodeValue</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> number = class_element.getElementsByTagName(<span class="hljs-string">'number'</span>)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].childNodes[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].nodeValue</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> teacher = class_element.getElementsByTagName(<span class="hljs-string">'teacher'</span>)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].childNodes[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].nodeValue</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"code: "</span>,code,<span class="hljs-string">", number: "</span>,number,<span class="hljs-string">", teacher: "</span>,teacher)</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/06/27/191644837.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p>显示结果：</p> <blockquote> <p><class 'xml.dom.minicompat.NodeList'><br> code:  2022001 , number:  10 , teacher:  小白<br> code:  2022002 , number:  20 , teacher:  小红<br> code:  2022003 , number:  30 , teacher:  小黑</p> </blockquote> <h3 id="2.2.1%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8DOM%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%86%99%E5%85%A5XML%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><a name="t6"></a>2.2.1 使用DOM方式写入XML文件</h3> <p>doc.writexml()：生成xml文档，将创建的存在于内存中的xml文档写入本地硬盘中，这时才能看到新建的xml文档。</p> <p>writexml()函数语法格式：</p> <pre data-index="5"><code class="language-python hljs">writexml(file,indent=<span class="hljs-string">''</span>,addindent=<span class="hljs-string">''</span>,newl=<span class="hljs-string">''</span>, encoding=<span class="hljs-literal">None</span>)</code><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <ul><li>file：要保存为的文件对象名</li><li>indent：根节点的缩进方式</li><li>allindent：子节点的缩进方式</li><li>newl：针对新行，指明换行方式</li><li>encoding：保存文件的编码方式</li></ul> <p>使用示例，创建xml文件</p> <pre data-index="6" class="set-code-hide" name="code"><code class="language-python hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:768px"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 创建一个xml文件</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> xml.dom.minidom</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 1. 在内存中创建一个空的文档</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">doc = xml.dom.minidom.Document()</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 2. 创建根元素</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">root = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">"collection"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"添加的xml标签为："</span>,root.tagName)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 3. 设置根元素的属性</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">root.setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">"type"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"New Arrivals"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">root.appendChild(doc.createComment(<span class="hljs-string">"type表示根元素的属性,New Arrivals表示根元素的属性值"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 4. 将根节点添加到文档对象中</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">doc.appendChild(root)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 5. 创建子元素</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">'book'</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 6. 添加注释</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.appendChild(doc.createComment(<span class="hljs-string">"这是一条注释1"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 7. 设置子元素的属性</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">"语言"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"python"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 8. 子元素中嵌套子元素，并添加文本节点</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">name = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">'name'</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">name.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(<span class="hljs-string">"python基础"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">price = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">"价格"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">price.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(<span class="hljs-string">"￥99"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">number = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">"数量"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">number.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(<span class="hljs-string">"剩余100本"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 9. 将子元素添加到book节点中</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.appendChild(name)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.appendChild(price)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.appendChild(number)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 10. 将book节点添加到root根元素</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">root.appendChild(book)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 重复5/7/8/9/10,添加另一个根元素的子元素</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 5. 创建子元素</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="47"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">'book'</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="48"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="49"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 6. 添加注释</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="50"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.appendChild(doc.createComment(<span class="hljs-string">"这是一条注释2"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="51"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="52"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 7. 设置子元素的属性</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="53"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">"语言"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"C/C++"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="54"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="55"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 8. 子元素中嵌套子元素，并添加文本节点</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="56"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">name = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">'name'</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="57"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">name.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(<span class="hljs-string">"C/C++基础"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="58"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">price = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">"价格"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="59"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">price.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(<span class="hljs-string">"￥199"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="60"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">number = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">"数量"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="61"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">number.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(<span class="hljs-string">"剩余110本"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="62"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="63"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 9. 将子元素添加到book节点中</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="64"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.appendChild(name)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="65"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.appendChild(price)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="66"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.appendChild(number)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="67"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="68"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 10. 将book节点添加到root根元素</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="69"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">root.appendChild(book)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="70"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="71"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 打印要写入的信息</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="72"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(root.toxml())</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="73"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="74"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 保存到xml文件</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="75"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">fp = <span class="hljs-built_in">open</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"books.xml"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"w"</span>, encoding=<span class="hljs-string">"utf-8"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="76"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">doc.writexml(fp,indent=<span class="hljs-string">''</span>,addindent=<span class="hljs-string">'\t'</span>,newl=<span class="hljs-string">'\n'</span>,encoding=<span class="hljs-string">'utf-8'</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="77"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">fp.close()</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/06/27/191644837.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p>运行后，在同目录下生成了books.xml文件，文件内容如下：</p> <p><img alt="" height="230" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/08/13/163008409.png" ></p> <h3 id="%C2%A02.2.2%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8DOM%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0xml%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%EF%BC%8C%E5%90%91xml%E4%B8%AD%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><a name="t7"></a> 2.2.2 使用DOM方式更新xml文件，向xml中插入子元素</h3> <p>示例：</p> <pre data-index="7" class="set-code-hide" name="code"><code class="language-python hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:874px"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 更新xml文件，向xml中添加新的子元素</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> xml.dom.minidom</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> xml.dom.minidom <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> parse</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">xml_file = <span class="hljs-string">"books.xml"</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 获取根节点</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">domTree = parse(xml_file) <span class="hljs-comment"># 使用parse解析xml文件，获取到xml文件树</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">rootNode = domTree.documentElement <span class="hljs-comment"># 获取到根节点的元素的迭代器</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(rootNode)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># rootNode.removeChild(rootNode.getElementsByTagName("book")[0]) # 移除第一个book子元素</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># print(rootNode.toxml()) # 显示移除第一个book子元素的xml数据</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 在内存中创建空的文档</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">doc = xml.dom.minidom.Document()</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 创建元素 book</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">"book"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string">"语言"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"JAVA"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 元素book中嵌套子元素，并添加文本节点</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">name = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">name.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(<span class="hljs-string">"JAVA基础"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="25"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">price = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">"价格"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="26"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">price.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(<span class="hljs-string">"￥200"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="27"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">number = doc.createElement(<span class="hljs-string">"数量"</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="28"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">number.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(<span class="hljs-string">"剩余300本"</span>))</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="29"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 将元素添加到book</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.appendChild(name)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.appendChild(price)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">book.appendChild(number)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">first_book = rootNode.getElementsByTagName(<span class="hljs-string">"book"</span>)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] <span class="hljs-comment"># getElementsByTagName()按子元素的名字获取数据，</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="36"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="37"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># insertBefore()使用方法： 父节点.insertBefore(新节点，父节点 中的子节点)</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="38"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">rootNode.insertBefore(book,first_book) <span class="hljs-comment"># 将新节点插入到first_book前面</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="39"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="40"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">rootNode.appendChild(book) <span class="hljs-comment"># 将新的元素在最后插入</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="41"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="42"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(rootNode.toxml())</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="43"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="44"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 把插入的节点更新到xml文件中</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="45"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">open</span>(xml_file,<span class="hljs-string">"w"</span>,encoding=<span class="hljs-string">"utf-8"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> fh:</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="46"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> domTree.writexml(fh,indent=<span class="hljs-string">''</span>, addindent=<span class="hljs-string">'\t'</span>,newl=<span class="hljs-string">'\n'</span>,encoding=<span class="hljs-string">'utf-8'</span>)</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/06/27/191644837.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p>显示结果：</p> <p><img alt="" height="208" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/08/13/163008527.png" ></p> <blockquote> <p> 这里有一个问题，插入后生成的xml文件中，原来已经存在的内容会使用addindent，newl参数进行新的缩进，导致文件内容如下，具体原因还有待了解。</p> <p><img alt="" height="571" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/08/13/163008643.png" ></p> </blockquote> <h1 id="3.%20XML%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%92%8CJSON%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%BA%92%E8%BD%AC"><a name="t8"></a>3. XML文件和JSON文件互转</h1> <h2 id="3.1%C2%A0%20XML%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%BD%AC%E4%B8%BAJSON%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><a name="t9"></a>3.1  XML文件转为JSON文件</h2> <p>xml文件如下：</p> <p><img alt="" height="228" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/08/13/163008801.png" ></p> <p> 代码实现XML转为JSON</p> <pre data-index="8" class="set-code-hide" name="code"><code class="language-python hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:100%"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># XML转为JSON</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># 导入使用的模块 json模块，xmltodict模块</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> json</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> xmltodict</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">xml_to_json</span>(<span class="hljs-params">xml_str</span>):</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">'''</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-string"> xmltodict.parse()解析XML文件，需要参数xml字符串</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-string"> :param xml_str: xml字符串</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-string"> :return: json字符串</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-string"> '''</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> xml_parse = xmltodict.parse(xml_str)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment"># json.dumps()把dict转换为json格式,loads()把json格式转换为dict格式</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-comment"># 参数indent=1定义缩进</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> json_str = json.dumps(xml_parse,indent=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> json_str</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">xml_path = <span class="hljs-string">"./1.xml"</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">open</span>(xml_path,<span class="hljs-string">"r"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> f:</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> xmlfile = f.read()</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="23"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">open</span>(xml_path[:-<span class="hljs-number">3</span>]+<span class="hljs-string">'json'</span>,<span class="hljs-string">'w'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> newfile:</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="24"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> newfile.write(xml_to_json(xmlfile))</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/06/27/191644837.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p>生成的json文件：</p> <p><img alt="" height="336" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/08/13/163008902.png" ></p> <h2 id="%C2%A03.2%C2%A0%20JSON%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%BD%AC%E4%B8%BAXML%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><a name="t10"></a> 3.2  JSON文件转为XML文件</h2> <p>2.json文件如下：<br><img alt="" height="505" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/08/13/163008999.png" ></p> <p> 代码实现JSON转为XML</p> <pre data-index="9" class="set-code-hide" name="code"><code class="language-python hljs"><ol class="hljs-ln" style="width:100%"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment"># JSON转为XML</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> xmltodict</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> json</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="7"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">json_to_xml</span>(<span class="hljs-params">python_dict</span>):</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="8"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">'''</span></span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="9"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-string"> xmltodict.unparse()把json转为xml</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="10"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-string"> :param python_dict: python的字典对象</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="11"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-string"> :return: xml字符串</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="12"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-string"> '''</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="13"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> xml_str = xmltodict.unparse(python_dict)</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="14"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> xml_str</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="15"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="16"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="17"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">json_path = <span class="hljs-string">"./2.json"</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="18"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">open</span>(json_path,<span class="hljs-string">"r"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> f:</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="19"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> jsonFile = f.read()</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="20"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> python_dict = json.loads(jsonFile) <span class="hljs-comment"># 将json字符串转换为python字典对象</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="21"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">open</span>(json_path[:-<span class="hljs-number">4</span>] + <span class="hljs-string">"xml"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"w"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> newfile:</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="22"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> newfile.write(json_to_xml(python_dict))</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/06/27/191644837.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><div class="hljs-button signin" data-title="登录后复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}" onclick="hljs.signin(event)"></div></pre> <p>生成xml文件如下：</p> <p><img alt="" height="219" src="https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/08/13/163009181.png" ></p> <p> <p>全文参考：<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/yuan2019035055/article/details/123003891" title="100天精通Python（进阶篇）——第36天：Python操作XML文件_无 羡ღ的博客-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/yuan2019035055/article/details/123003891">100天精通Python（进阶篇）——第36天：Python操作XML文件_无 羡ღ的博客-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/yuan2019035055/article/details/123003891</a></p> <p> </div> </div> </li> <li 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