时态习题

时态

注意基本用法；基本形式；核心例句；其中核心例句最重要，全是经典例句，记到脑子里，这就是语境！！！

一、一般现在时

1、动词变第三人称单数规则

1.he / she / It 第三人称单数

2.大多数动词变为第三人称单数 ： 直接 + s

3.以 -s / -x / -ch / -sh 结尾的 + es ： 比如 passes 、 washes 、 teaches 、 mixes

4.不规则的 go - goes 、 do - does 、 have - has

5.元音字母 + y ： -ay / -ey / -oy / -uy 后面直接加 s， 如： plays，says，buys

6.辅音字母 + y ： -dy / -ly / -py 等 变 y 为 i + es， flies

2、基本用法

① things that are always true.描述的内容古往今来都是对的，就用一般现在时。比如：太阳从东边升起，西边落下。

     ~~~~      The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

     ~~~~      My parents live near Yuelu Mountain.

② habits and things that happen repeatedly 反复经常发生的事、习惯

     ~~~~      Joe plays basketball on Sundays ： 这里的 Sundays 就表示反复发生的事

     ~~~~      表示经常反复的词，放在实义动词前，系动词、助动词、情态动词后 ： always 、 never 、 often 、 sometimes 、 usually 、 once a day 、 twice a week 、 every 、 year 、 all the time

     ~~~~      have a headache ： 表示这次头痛， have headaches 表示经常头痛
     ~~~~      It rains all the time， You never listen to me.

3、否定结构

1.主语为第一人称（我，我们）、第二人称（你）、第三人称复数（他们）、复数名词，用 don‘t

2.He 、 she 、 it 、 单数名词、不可数名词用 doesn’t

4、一般疑问句

提前 do / does

     ~~~~      I work in Beijing.
     ~~~~      Do I work in Beijing?

     ~~~~      She lives in China.
     ~~~~      Does she live in China?

5、特殊疑问句

在一般疑问句前加上疑问词，并根据疑问词把问的部分去掉。

What time is it?

What do you think?

How much does this coat cost?

When does the train leave?

Where does Jack live?

二、现在进行时

1、构造规则

1.be doing 形式 ，is / am / are + doing 表示正在

2.I’m enjoying this party . I enjoy parties,前者表示正在享受这个 party， 第二个表示很享受 party

2、构造 ing 规则

1.大多数直接加 ing

2.辅音 + e 结尾， 去 e + ing.

3.-ie ： 变 ie 为 y + ing

4.以重读闭音节，“ 辅 + 元 + 辅 ” 结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ing， 下面 answer、 open 均不是重读音节

5.以 -y 结尾的动词直接加 -ing

6.注 ： 元音 辅音 指的是音标， 比如 listen 发音[‘lisn]，字母 e 不发音，所以不要双写了

3、基本用法

① things that are happening now or around now. 正在发生或近期围绕的事情 I’m working just now.

4、否定结构

am / is / are not + doing

5、疑问结构

1.一般疑问句 : 将 be 动词提前；am / is / are + 主语 + doing … ？

2.特殊疑问句在一般疑问句的前面加上疑问词，还要去掉问的部分

6、一般现在时与一般进行时的区别见习题

7、特殊用法 1

1.不能用现在进行的词，表示一种感觉：believe 、hate 、 like 、love 、 hope 、 konw 、 mean 、 need 、 prefer 、remember 、 seem 、 think 、 understand、 want

2.比如问你现在喜欢什么， 不能用进行时来表达正在喜欢。

8、特殊用法 2

不能用现在进行时的短语表达

1.I hope so 我希望如此

2.I hope not

3.It depends 再说，视情况而定

4.I don‘t mind = It doesn’t matter to me 我不介意

三、一般将来时

1、be going to

When we can see the future in the present:立场是从现在看未来

     ~~~~      ① a future situation is starting. 表示将要发生 Look， It’s going to rain.

     ~~~~      ② clearly on the way

Intentions : things that people have decided to do 可以表达计划，打算要做的事

     ~~~~      比如打算买台灯 She is going to buy a new lamp. 她打算购买一个台灯

2、现在进行时表将来

plans for a fixed time and / or place： 特定的时间/地点要做的时间

     ~~~~      1.What are you doing this evening？ I’m staying in.你今天晚上要做什么，用现在进行时表将来，我待家里。

     ~~~~      2.Where are you going on holiday？ 你假期要去哪里？ I‘m staying sanya., 并不是正待在三亚，而是表将来，将会待在三亚。

3、Will 基本用法

Predict - things that we think, guess or know about the future. 预测，无论是我们认为的，猜的，知道的，只要是对未来，就用未来时。

will + 动原

4、Will 特殊用法

① When we decide or agree to do things：在强调一种决定

     ~~~~      I really will stop smoking，我决心戒烟

     ~~~~      When we decide or agree to do things ，当我们决定或者同意做某事

     ~~~~      There’s someone at the door? I’ll go. 有人在门口吗， 我去看一下，表示我决定去看一下

② When we talk about refusing and promising：当我们谈论拒绝和承诺时

     ~~~~      She will not / won’t speak to me. 她不和我说话，一个拒绝的状态。

     ~~~~      当谈到我们晚上见面时， 我会口头承诺，打电话给你，但是并不是一定，I‘ll phone you.

③ things can “refuse”

     ~~~~      强调事物拒绝工作，His car will not work / start ： 他的车打不燃了。

5、积累表达

I’ll think about it. 考虑一下

I’ll see 知道了、明白了

( i’ll ) see you tomorrow/later. 明天见，过会见

( i’ll ) see you 再见

I‘ll give you a ring : 我给你打电话

i’ll tell you tomorrow/later, 我明天和你说，我过会给你说

6、一般现在时表将来

① timetables 在强调时刻表的时候，比如火车、飞机、骑车启航降落

     ~~~~      Our train leaves at 8:30，

     ~~~~      What time does your filght arrive？

     ~~~~      what time do you arrive？

② cinema / theatre programmes and dates

     ~~~~      去看电影/戏剧 节目 和日期 The film starts at 7:50.

③ 如果明天下雨，我就待在家，是条件状语从句，还有一个是时间状语从句，引导词 before / after/ while / until / when / as soon as / if : 如果要用将来时，必须用一般现在时表将来，放在这些引导词之后。如 ：

     ~~~~      We’ll see you before we go. 在我们走之前见你一面

     ~~~~      We’ll have a drink after I finish work. 在我们完成工作后我们喝一杯

     ~~~~      You can drive my car while I’m away. 当我走了之后你可以开我的车

     ~~~~      We’ll wait until jack gets here. 我们一直等待 Jack 来

     ~~~~      I’ll phone you as soon as I get home. 我一回到家就给你打电话。

     ~~~~      注 ：if 引导条件状语从句， 其他引导的是时间状语从句

四、一般过去时

1、动词过去式变化规则

1.一般情况下，动词原形词尾加 -ed ，如：

     ~~~~      work —worked
     ~~~~      play—played
     ~~~~      wanted----wanted
     ~~~~      act----acted

2.以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如：

     ~~~~      live—lived
     ~~~~      move----moved
     ~~~~      taste—tasted
     ~~~~      hope—hoped

3.以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加-ed，如：

     ~~~~      study—studied
     ~~~~      copy—copied
     ~~~~      cry—cried
     ~~~~      carry—carried

4.以元音字母 + y 结尾的动词，直接 + ed， 如

     ~~~~      play – played
     ~~~~      enjoy–enjoyed

5.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词（或辅元辅结尾），双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如：

     ~~~~      stop —stopped
     ~~~~      plan—planned

6.不规则变化：不规则变化表

2、基本用法

① to talk about when things happened：探讨，表达曾经发生的事， 常与过去的时间连用

     ~~~~      I left school in 2020.

     ~~~~      I didn’t see Jack yesterday

     ~~~~      We saw this film last week.

     ~~~~      注：常见的表示过去的时间 ， last week、on Friday、时间 + ago

② things that happened one after another 曾经一件事一件事的发生

     ~~~~      比如：我昨天晚上下课，开车回家，然后洗了个澡，然后玩了一会手机，然后就睡觉了，这种叙述一件一件的事。

     ~~~~      I paeked my car, went into the station and bought a ticket. Then I had a bottel of coffee and …

3、一般过去时的否定结构

did not / didn’t + 动词原型

was / were not

4、疑问结构

一般疑问句 ： Did + 主语 + 动词原型

特殊疑问句 ： 疑问词 + did + …

     ~~~~      Did she work?

     ~~~~      Where did she work?

     ~~~~      When did she work?

5、特殊疑问词 + 一般过去时

What / Who / Where

     ~~~~      ① Pete saw somebody. Who did Pete see?

     ~~~~      ② John went somewhere. Where did John go?

     ~~~~      ③ Bill bought something. What did Bill buy?

     ~~~~      ④ Alice married somebody. Who did Alice marry?

五、过去进行时

现在进行时： am / is / are doing

1、基本用法

① to say what was (not) happening around a past time. 过去某个节点正在或没有发生的事

     ~~~~      At 10 o’clock last night I was waiting for a taxi.

     ~~~~      What were you waiting for ?

② 在过去的某个时间段内正在做

     ~~~~      Were you watching TV? 那段时间你正在看电视吗?

     ~~~~      No I wasn’t watching TV. I was playing cards.

2、 疑问构造

☆ was / were + 主语 + ing

     ~~~~      Was it raining?

     ~~~~      Were you working?

     ~~~~      Was Jack sleeping?

3、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别

① 一般过去时强调 complete actions 过去完成了的动作， 过去进行时强调 actions which were not complete at a past time 在过去没有完成的动作

     ~~~~      过去进行时：在昨晚十点我在玩纸牌，但是在那个时刻我没有结束玩，或者昨天十二点我正在开车，那个时候我并没有结束。

     ~~~~      一般过去时：我昨天洗了澡，我去过三亚

     ~~~~      Jane got up at 7 and worked from 9 to 10.

     ~~~~      Jane was reading at 7, when her mum came in.

② 一般过去时强调 complete shorter action that happened while the longer action was happening ，当有两个动作，一个动作更短时用一般过去时，过去进行时强调 longer action or situation

     ~~~~      While I was taking a bath, the phone rang. 洗澡更长，就是当两个动作都要用过去时

     ~~~~      While I was talking to my brother, Bill came in.进门和谈话，谈话更长

     ~~~~      ☆ 注意后面的练习题巩固会很清晰

六、现在完成时

1、基本形式

have / has + done

haven’t / hasn’t + done

2、过去分词的变化规则(同过去的变化规则）被动，完成

① 一般在动词原形后加 -ed

     ~~~~      look：looked - looked、call：called - called

     ~~~~      注意：-ed在清辅音音素后 发音为[t]，在浊辅音后发音为[d]，在元音后发音也为[d]，-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]

② 以 -e 结尾的动词直接加 -d

     ~~~~      move：moved - moved、phone：phoned - phoned

③ 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i，再加 -ed

     ~~~~      study：studied - studied

④ 以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed

     ~~~~      play：played - played

⑤ 元音 + 辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed

     ~~~~      stop：stopped - stopped

⑥ 不规则变化 不规则变化表

3、疑问形式

Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词

     ~~~~      Has the rain stopped?

     ~~~~      Have I paid?

     ~~~~      Where has Jack gone?

4、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

① We think about the past and the present together. 既在探讨过去也在探讨现在，现在完成时

② We think only about the past. 只探讨过去

     ~~~~      I’ve written to Jack : 我过去给 Jack 写信， Jack 现在也知道，既探讨过去也在探讨未来

     ~~~~      I wrote to Jack: 强调过去写过，没了，不想表达其他意思

     ~~~~      I’ve bought new coat. 我买了件衣服，你现在可以看到，我想让你评价，与你探讨

     ~~~~      I bought new coat last week. 我上周买了件衣服，没有想要与你探讨，只表明我上周买了件衣服

5、been to 与 gone to 区别

① 均表示去了哪儿 , been to 去了回来了， gone to 去了没回来。

     ~~~~      I have been to London lots of times. 我去了很多次伦敦，去了回来了
     ~~~~      结合练习

6、现在完成时的时间状语

① 现在完成时不能和 finished time expressions(如：past、yesterday、last) 连用

     ~~~~      finished time expressions ：at 10 o’clock、a few days age、last week、yesterday、in 1999 and so on

     ~~~~      I saw Jack yesterday.

     ~~~~      I’ve seen Jack

     ~~~~      × I’ve seen Jack yesterday. 一定不能是这种

7、现在完成时核心用法

① to ask if things have happened up to now 谈论截止到目前为止事情是否已经发生。类似于你去过三亚吗？你吃过披萨吗？

     ~~~~      Has the boss phoned you today? 你老板给你打电话了吗？

     ~~~~      Have you ever lost/smashed your cellphone?你手机丢了吗？

② to say that things haven’t happened up to now. 谈论截止到目前位置某件事还没发生过

     ~~~~      I haven’t been to Tibet. 我还没有去过西藏

③ used with an unfinished time 和未结束的时间连用：today、ever、never

     ~~~~      Have you ever seen a ghost? 你曾经见过鬼吗？表示过去到现在，以及往后会持续下去的

     ~~~~      I’ve never seen one.

④ to say how often things have happened up to now 强调频率，比如已经旅游了五次了，已经滑了三场雪了。

     ~~~~      I have seen the film ten times. 我看电影看了十次了。

     ~~~~      I have often wanted to see you.

⑤ to say how long something has continued up to now.探讨某件事截止到目前持续了多久。此方式慢慢过渡给了现在完成进行时，两者表达的意思完全一样，在写作等，表达持续使用现在完成进行时更好

     ~~~~      ☆ since + 时间点 since Sunday / 1996 / yesterday
     ~~~~      ☆ for + 时间段 for six weeks / ten years / a long time

     ~~~~      I have been here since Monday. 自从周一开始我就一直待在这里了

     ~~~~      I have known Lucy for 2 years 我已经认识 Lucy 两年了

8、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

见习题

9、Already 、yet、just

① Already 等于 earlier than somebody expected. 早早的已经发生了，放在 have 之后,，加深情感，口语中常用

     ~~~~      You are late. We have already started.

② 补充 yet：疑问句、否定句句尾表示已经，也是加深语气

     ~~~~      Have you spoken to Jack yet? 你已经和 Jack 谈过话了吗？

     ~~~~      He hasn’t come back yet, 他还没有回来

③ just = a short time age, 放 have 之后 ，表示刚刚

     ~~~~      Jack has just come back from Wuhan. Jack 刚刚回武汉了

     ~~~~      The rain has stopped. 雨刚刚停了

注： 完成时本身就有已经的概念，already、yet 只是加深语气，just 表示刚刚的意思

10、How long

见习题

七、现在完成进行时

1、基本用法

     ~~~~      To say how long things have been continuing up to now 到目前为止这件事情一直持续了多久，表示持续发生，现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以使用，强调动作的持续发生，通常使用现在完成进行时

     ~~~~      形式：have / has been doing.
     ~~~~      否定句： have / has not been doing
     ~~~~      疑问句：Have / has 提前，此时的 Have / has 作为助动词

     ~~~~      I have been living here since the beginning of this year.自从今年开始我就一直在这了。

     ~~~~      We have been learning English for more than 10 years.

2、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

① 现在完成时截止到目前动作已经做完了，探讨的时间概念没有结束

② To say how long things have been continuing up to now. 现在完成进行时在探讨到目前位置持续了多长时间，强调动作一直发生，并且现在也在发生没有结束，unfinished actions， 而现在完成时更多强调 finished actions

     ~~~~      I have been reading your book 我不仅之前在读你的书，我现在也在读
     ~~~~      I have read your book 我已经读完了你的书

3、用法偏好

be used for longer, more permanent situations. 很长很持久
unchanging states, 没有明显变化的状态，偏好使用现在完成时

     ~~~~      He’s been standing here for hours.

     ~~~~      The castle has stood here for 900 years (unchanging states),虽然这也是持续，但是是静态的，老外更偏好使用现在完成时。

4、不用现在完成进行时的动词

believe、hate、hope 、know 、like 、love 、mean 、need 、prefer 、remember 、seem 、think 、understand 、want、be动词

   ~~    I have been here since Monday.
× I have been being here since Monday 错的，不能这样用

八、过去完成时

1、基本用法

① had done 否定：adn’t

     ~~~~      She didn’t phone me because she’d lost my number.

② When we are already talking about the past and want to talk about an earlier past time.

2、 一般过去时与过去完成时的区别

一般过去式：a past time.
过去完成时：an earlier past time.

3、When + 过去完成时

强调（在过去的时间框架下）彻底完成某事

     ~~~~      When I had watered all the flowers,I sat down and had a cool drink.

     ~~~~      When Jack had done his shopping, he went to visit his brother.

4、after + 过去完成时 或 过去完成时 + before

强调（在过去的时间框架下）彻底完成某事，after：在 … 之后，是一个更早的时间，before：在 … 之前

After I had finished the report, I realized that it was too late to email it.

九、过去完成进行时

1、基本用法

① 形式： had been doing

② When we are talking about a past time, we use this tense to talk about earlier situations which had continued up to that time. 持续发生, 持续到过去的某个点就是过去完成进行时，从从去持续到现在就是现在完成进行时。

     ~~~~      I had been writing books by last Friday. 过去完成进行时，持续到过去某个点
     ~~~~      I have been writing books up to now. 现在完成进行时，持续到现在

     ~~~~      All the roads were blocked, it had been snowing all night long.
     ~~~~      After I had been walking for an hour, I decided to have a rest.
     ~~~~      She was ill beacause she had been working too hard.

十、将来进行时

1、基本用法

① 基本形式：will be doing， 疑问时：Will + 主语 + be doing

② to say that something will be going on at a certain time in the future. 将来某个特定时间将要发生的事

     ~~~~      This time tomorrow I will be skiing. 明天的这个时候我去滑雪
     ~~~~      I will be thinking of you on Saturday. 我在周六的时候会想起你们的

③ to ask politely “what have you already decided?” 礼貌询问

     ~~~~      Will you be staying in this evening? 你今晚会待在家里吗,更加礼貌
     ~~~~      Will you stay in this evening? 普通的询问

十一、过去将来时

1、基本用法

① 形式：
     ~~~~      was/were + ing 瞬间动词表将来,只有瞬间动词可以这么用

     ~~~~      would do

     ~~~~      was/were going to do


② When we are talking about the past, we often want to say that something was still in the future at that time. 在过去的某个时间点探讨将来

     ~~~~      I was a little nervous, because I would fly to Kunming next week.
     ~~~~      I was a little nervous, because I was flying to Kunming next week. 用过去进行时表将来
     ~~~~      I was going to tell Jack what had happened

③ was/were to do 也可以表将来

     ~~~~     They showed me the room where I was to sleep.他们给我看了我睡觉的地方

十二、将来进行时

1、基本用法

① to say that something will be going on at a certain time in the future.现在的立场探讨将来某一天正发生的动作

② to ask politely “what have you already decided?”

十三、将来完成时

1、基本用法

① 形式： will have done，疑问句 will 提前，否定句 will + not

② to say that something will have been completed by a certain time in the future. 强调将来那个时间要完成的事。

     ~~~~      The worker says that he will have finished fixing my curtain by 5 this afternoon. 工人说他将在今天下午5点前修好我的窗帘。

     ~~~~      The worker said that he would have finished fixing my curtain by 5 this afternoon. 这句是过去将来完成时，他过去说她将来要完成的事。

十四、将来完成进行时

1、基本用法

① 形式： will have been doing

② to say how long something will have continued by a certain time.表达完成并且将来会持续下去的事情。

     ~~~~      I will have been working 我将来会一直工作
     ~~~~      Will you have been working?
     ~~~~      She will not have been working.
     ~~~~      I will have been teaching English for 12 years by this Christmas.