在程序开发时,我们有时遇到程序出错了,但不知道具体的原因,莫名其妙的就崩溃了,其实标准库提供了一个系统错误的库,我们可以使用这个system_error库来了解错误的提示。它不仅提供错误码code(),还提供错误类别category(),错误信息message()等相关接口。
构造一个 error_code (公开成员函数) | |
赋值为另一 error_code (公开成员函数) | |
赋值为另一 error_code (公开成员函数) | |
修改器 | |
设 error_code 为 system_category 中的值 0 (公开成员函数) | |
观察器 | |
获得 error_code 的值 (公开成员函数) | |
获得此 error_code 的 error_category (公开成员函数) | |
获得此 error_code 的 error_condition (公开成员函数) | |
获得此 error_code 的解释性字符串 (公开成员函数) | |
检查值是否非零 (公开成员函数) |
下面是具体的示例:
- //error_code observers: value, category and message
- #include
//std::cout, std::ios - #include
//std::system_error - #include
//std::ifstream - #include
//std::string -
-
- using std::cout;
- using std::ios;
- using std::endl;
- using std::system_error;
- using std::ifstream;
- using std::string;
-
- int main()
- {
- std::error_code code;
- cout << "Code: " << code.value() << endl;
- cout << "Category: " << code.category().name() << endl;
- cout << "Message: " << code.message() << endl;
- cout << "default_error_condition: " << code.default_error_condition().message() << endl;
- cout << "bool: " << code.operator bool() << endl;
-
- cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
- return 0;
- }
运行结果:
上面是创建一个error_code 对象,程序正常运行,根据上面的结果可以看没程序正常没有错误。
下面我们来看一个异常的程序。
- //error_code observers: value, category and message
- #include
//std::cout, std::ios - #include
//std::system_error - #include
//std::ifstream - #include
//std::string -
- using std::cout;
- using std::ios;
- using std::endl;
- using std::system_error;
- using std::ifstream;
- using std::string;
-
- int main()
- {
- ifstream is;
- is.exceptions(std::ios::failbit);
- try {
- is.open("unexistent.txt");
- } catch (const std::system_error &e) {
- cout << "Exception caught (system_error):\n" << endl;
- cout << "Error: " << e.what() << endl;
- cout << "Code: " << e.code().value() << endl;
- cout << "Category: " << e.code().category().name() << endl;
- cout << "Message: " << e.code().message() << endl;
- cout << "default_error_condition: " << e.code().default_error_condition().message() << endl;
- cout << "bool: " << e.code().operator bool() << endl;
- cout << endl;
-
- }
-
- cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
- return 0;
- }
运行结果:
打开一个不存在的文件,出现了异常,从上面的异常提示我们知道这是输入输出流错误。
接着,我们把这个错误对象赋给第一个程序创建的一个空的错误类对象。查看他的信息。
- //error_code observers: value, category and message
- #include
//std::cout, std::ios - #include
//std::system_error - #include
//std::ifstream - #include
//std::string -
- using std::cout;
- using std::ios;
- using std::endl;
- using std::system_error;
- using std::ifstream;
- using std::string;
-
- int main()
- {
-
- std::error_code code;
- cout << "Code: " << code.value() << endl;
- cout << "Category: " << code.category().name() << endl;
- cout << "Message: " << code.message() << endl;
- cout << "default_error_condition: " << code.default_error_condition().message() << endl;
- cout << "bool: " << code.operator bool() << endl;
- cout << endl;
-
- ifstream is;
- is.exceptions(std::ios::failbit);
- try {
- is.open("unexistent.txt");
- } catch (const std::system_error &e) {
- cout << "Exception caught (system_error):\n" << endl;
- cout << "Error: " << e.what() << endl;
- cout << "Code: " << e.code().value() << endl;
- cout << "Category: " << e.code().category().name() << endl;
- cout << "Message: " << e.code().message() << endl;
- cout << "default_error_condition: " << e.code().default_error_condition().message() << endl;
- cout << "bool: " << e.code().operator bool() << endl;
- cout << endl;
-
- // operator= 操作
- code = e.code();
- cout << "Code: " << code.value() << endl;
- cout << "Category: " << code.category().name() << endl;
- cout << "Message: " << code.message() << endl;
- cout << "default_error_condition: " << code.default_error_condition().message() << endl;
- cout << "bool: " << code.operator bool() << endl;
- cout << endl;
- }
-
- cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
- return 0;
- }
运行结果:
e和code两个错误对象的信息相同,接下来再调用clear函数,把信息内容清空
- //error_code observers: value, category and message
- #include
//std::cout, std::ios - #include
//std::system_error - #include
//std::ifstream - #include
//std::string -
-
- using std::cout;
- using std::ios;
- using std::endl;
- using std::system_error;
- using std::ifstream;
- using std::string;
-
- int main()
- {
-
- std::error_code code;
- cout << "Code: " << code.value() << endl;
- cout << "Category: " << code.category().name() << endl;
- cout << "Message: " << code.message() << endl;
- cout << "default_error_condition: " << code.default_error_condition().message() << endl;
- cout << "bool: " << code.operator bool() << endl;
- cout << endl;
-
- ifstream is;
- is.exceptions(std::ios::failbit);
- try {
- is.open("unexistent.txt");
- } catch (const std::system_error &e) {
- cout << "Exception caught (system_error):\n" << endl;
- cout << "Error: " << e.what() << endl;
- cout << "Code: " << e.code().value() << endl;
- cout << "Category: " << e.code().category().name() << endl;
- cout << "Message: " << e.code().message() << endl;
- cout << "default_error_condition: " << e.code().default_error_condition().message() << endl;
- cout << "bool: " << e.code().operator bool() << endl;
- cout << endl;
-
- // operator= 操作
- code = e.code();
- cout << "Code: " << code.value() << endl;
- cout << "Category: " << code.category().name() << endl;
- cout << "Message: " << code.message() << endl;
- cout << "default_error_condition: " << code.default_error_condition().message() << endl;
- cout << "bool: " << code.operator bool() << endl;
- cout << endl;
-
- //调用clear()
- code.clear();
- cout << "Code: " << code.value() << endl;
- cout << "Category: " << code.category().name() << endl;
- cout << "Message: " << code.message() << endl;
- cout << "default_error_condition: " << code.default_error_condition().message() << endl;
- cout << "bool: " << code.operator bool() << endl;
- cout << endl;
- }
-
- cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
- return 0;
- }
运行结果:
code对象又恢复到初始状态了。
我们也可以对错误码对像进行hash:
- //error_code observers: value, category and message
- #include
//std::cout, std::ios - #include
//std::system_error - #include
//std::ifstream - #include
//std::string -
-
- using std::cout;
- using std::ios;
- using std::endl;
- using std::system_error;
- using std::ifstream;
- using std::string;
-
-
- int main()
- {
- ifstream is;
- is.exceptions(std::ios::failbit);
- try {
- is.open("unexistent.txt");
- } catch (const std::system_error &e) {
- cout << "Exception caught (system_error):\n" << endl;
- cout << "Error: " << e.what() << endl;
- cout << "Code: " << e.code().value() << endl;
- cout << "Category: " << e.code().category().name() << endl;
- cout << "Message: " << e.code().message() << endl;
- cout << "default_error_condition: " << e.code().default_error_condition().message() << endl;
- cout << "bool: " << e.code().operator bool() << endl;
- cout << endl;
-
- std::hash
hashErrorCode; - cout << "hash(error_code): " << hashErrorCode(e.code()) << endl;
-
- }
-
- cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
- return 0;
- }
运行结果:
hash这是一个结构体模板,它不仅可以对错误码对象进行hash也可以对数值进行hash,比如int, long long, float, double,string等,下面来看一个示例:
- //error_code observers: value, category and message
- #include
//std::cout, std::ios - #include
//std::system_error - #include
//std::ifstream - #include
//std::string -
-
- using std::cout;
- using std::ios;
- using std::endl;
- using std::system_error;
- using std::ifstream;
- using std::string;
-
- int main()
- {
- ifstream is;
- is.exceptions(std::ios::failbit);
- try {
- is.open("unexistent.txt");
- } catch (const std::system_error &e) {
- cout << "Exception caught (system_error):\n" << endl;
- cout << "Error: " << e.what() << endl;
- cout << "Code: " << e.code().value() << endl;
- cout << "Category: " << e.code().category().name() << endl;
- cout << "Message: " << e.code().message() << endl;
- cout << "default_error_condition: " << e.code().default_error_condition().message() << endl;
- cout << "bool: " << e.code().operator bool() << endl;
- cout << endl;
-
- std::hash
hashErrorCode; - cout << "hash(error_code): " << hashErrorCode(e.code()) << endl;
-
- string str = "hello world!";
- std::hash
hashStr; - cout << "hash(string): " << hashStr(str) << endl;
-
- int n = 100;
- std::hash<int> hashN;
- cout << "hash(int): " << hashN(n) << endl;
-
- long long ln = 100;
- std::hash<long long> hashLn;
- cout << "hash(long long): " << hashLn(ln) << endl;
-
- double dou = 100;
- std::hash<double> hashD;
- cout << "hash(double): " << hashD(dou) << endl;
-
- float f = 100;
- std::hash<float> hashF;
- cout << "hash(float): " << hashF(f) << endl;
- }
-
- cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
- return 0;
- }
运行结果:
参考: