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Elasticsearch基础
下载网址：https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/past-releases#elasticsearch
HTML1 ：我爱我的祖国，我爱编程
HTML2 ：我爱编程，我是个快乐的小码农正向索引
分词器将内容进行分词处理，搜索时，es数据库将想要查询的字段对分词后的结果进行挨个匹配 效率低下倒排索引
倒排索引是按照分词与文档进行映射
插入数据
POST请求 加 _update 为修改操作，只修改指定的的字段
查询
建立索引
PUT /test_keyword { "mappings": { "properties": { "age": { "type": "long" }, "birthday": { "type": "date" }, "name": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "tags": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } } } } }- 1
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普通查询
查询全部数据
GET /user/_search { "query": { "match_all": {} } }- 1
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查询name为小胖的
GET user/_doc/_search { "query":{ "match":{ "name":"小胖" } } }- 1
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结果 "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 4, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 1.0498221, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "3", "_score" : 1.0498221, "_source" : { "name" : "小胖", "age" : 26, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "呆萌", "认真", "散漫" ] } }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "4", "_score" : 0.6931471, "_source" : { "name" : "大胖", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "稳重", "情商高", "慵懒" ] } }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "2", "_score" : 0.35667494, "_source" : { "name" : "小宇", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "渣男", "心机boy", "高富帅" ] } }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1", "_score" : 0.35667494, "_source" : { "name" : "小轩", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "小胖子", "呆萌", "认真" ] } } ] } }- 1
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为什么会出现这样的情况?
我们知道 字符串有两种类型 text 和 keywords ，text可用分词器进行分隔，keywords不可用分词器进行分隔以小胖为例：
当 “小胖” 为 text 类型时 使用_analyze分词器对其进行分割 GET _analyze { "analyzer": "standard", "text":"小胖" } 结果如下 { "tokens" : [ { "token" : "小", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 1, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 0 }, { "token" : "胖", "start_offset" : 1, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>", "position" : 1 } ] } 当 “小胖” 为 keyword 类型时 使用_analyze分词器对其进行分割 GET _analyze { "analyzer": "keyword", "text":"小胖" } 结果如下 { "tokens" : [ { "token" : "小胖", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "word", "position" : 0 } ] }- 1
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由此可见当我们使用 match对 “小胖” 进行查找的时候 会查出满足以“小” 和“胖” 建立索引的数据 。
那我们用 term 进行查询的时候会查出来什么结果？
GET user/_doc/_search { "query":{ "term":{ "name":"小胖" } } }- 1
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结果显而易见 不会出来，为什么？（ 这里先做一个补充，如果使用 match 进行匹配查询时，会先将查询字段‘小胖’进行分词 -‘小’和‘胖’，然后利用倒排索引进行查询，这也是为什么上面案例会查出来多条的原因；如果使用 term 进行查询是，不会进行分词，直接使用‘小胖’进行查询）
GET user/_doc/_search { "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 0, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ ] } }- 1
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查询指定列
GET user/_doc/_search { "query":{ "match":{ "name":"小" } }, "_source":["name","tags"] } 结果： { "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 2, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 0.6931471, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "4", "_score" : 0.6931471, "_source" : { "name" : "大胖", "tags" : [ "稳重", "情商高", "慵懒" ] } }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "3", "_score" : 0.6931471, "_source" : { "name" : "小胖", "tags" : [ "呆萌", "认真", "散漫" ] } } ] } }- 1
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排序
GET user/_doc/_search { "query":{ "match":{ "name":"小" } }, "sort":[ { "age":{ "order":"desc" } } ] } 结果： { "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 3, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "3", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "name" : "小胖", "age" : 26, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "呆萌", "认真", "散漫" ] }, "sort" : [ 26 ] }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "2", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "name" : "小宇", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "渣男", "心机boy", "高富帅" ] }, "sort" : [ 13 ] }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "name" : "小轩", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "小胖子", "呆萌", "认真" ] }, "sort" : [ 13 ] } ] } }- 1
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分页
GET user/_doc/_search { "query":{ "match":{ "name":"小" } }, "sort":[ { "age":{ "order":"desc" } } ], "from":0, "size":1 } 结果： { "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 3, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "3", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "name" : "小胖", "age" : 26, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "呆萌", "认真", "散漫" ] }, "sort" : [ 26 ] } ] } }- 1
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from 从第几条数据开始；size 查询后边的多少条数据
多条件匹配
同时满足 （and）
查询既满足 名称为 小胖 又满足 年龄为 26 的 GET user/_doc/_search { "query":{ "bool":{ "must":[ { "match":{ "name": "小胖" } }, { "match":{ "age": 26 } } ] } } } 结果： { "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 3, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "3", "_score" : null, "_source" : { "name" : "小胖", "age" : 26, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "呆萌", "认真", "散漫" ] }, "sort" : [ 26 ] } ] } }- 1
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或者 （or）
GET user/_doc/_search { "query":{ "bool":{ "should":[ { "match":{ "name": "小胖" } }, { "match":{ "age": 26 } } ] } } } 结果： { "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 4, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 2.049822, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "3", "_score" : 2.049822, "_source" : { "name" : "小胖", "age" : 26, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "呆萌", "认真", "散漫" ] } }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "4", "_score" : 0.6931471, "_source" : { "name" : "大胖", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "稳重", "情商高", "慵懒" ] } }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "2", "_score" : 0.35667494, "_source" : { "name" : "小宇", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "渣男", "心机boy", "高富帅" ] } }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1", "_score" : 0.35667494, "_source" : { "name" : "小轩", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "小胖子", "呆萌", "认真" ] } } ] } }- 1
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不满足
GET user/_doc/_search { "query":{ "bool":{ "must_not":[ { "match":{ "age": 26 } } ] } } } { "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 3, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 0.0, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "2", "_score" : 0.0, "_source" : { "name" : "小宇", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "渣男", "心机boy", "高富帅" ] } }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1", "_score" : 0.0, "_source" : { "name" : "小轩", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "小胖子", "呆萌", "认真" ] } }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "4", "_score" : 0.0, "_source" : { "name" : "大胖", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "稳重", "情商高", "慵懒" ] } } ] } }- 1
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过滤
GET user/_doc/_search { "query":{ "bool":{ "must":[ { "match":{ "name":"胖" } } ], "filter":{ "range":{ "age":{ "gt":20, "lt":26 } } } } } } 结果 ： { "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 0, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : null, "hits" : [ ] } }- 1
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lt 小于 ；lte 小于等于 ; gt 大于； gte大于等于
数组类型多条件匹配
GET user/_doc/_search { "query":{ "bool":{ "must":[ { "match":{ "tags":"呆萌 情商" //空格分开 多条件匹配 } } ] } } } 结果： { "took" : 0, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 1, "successful" : 1, "skipped" : 0, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : { "value" : 3, "relation" : "eq" }, "max_score" : 2.4079456, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "4", "_score" : 2.4079456, "_source" : { "name" : "大胖", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "稳重", "情商高", "慵懒" ] } }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "3", "_score" : 1.4723402, "_source" : { "name" : "小胖", "age" : 26, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "呆萌", "认真", "散漫" ] } }, { "_index" : "user", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1", "_score" : 1.3862942, "_source" : { "name" : "小轩", "age" : 13, "birthday" : "1997-04-06", "tags" : [ "小胖子", "呆萌", "认真" ] } } ] } }- 1
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41199502/article/details/115869737