• Nginx之静态文件服务器的搭建

    1.概述

            静态文件服务器是指提供HTML文件访问或客户端 可直接从中下载文件的Web服务器。对于图片、 JavaScript或CSS文件等渲染页面外观的、不会动态改 变内容的文件，大多数网站会单独提供以静态文件服 务器的方式对其进行访问，实现动静分离的架构。

            HTML是一种标记语言，提供HTML文件读取是Web服 务器最基本的功能，Web服务器的配置样例如下：

    1. server {
    2.     listen 8080;
    3.     root /opt/nginx-web/www; #存放静态文件的文件目录
    4.     location / {
    5.         index index.html;
    6.     }
    7.     location /js {
    8.         alias /opt/nginx-web/static/js/; #存放JavaScript文件的文件目录
    9.         index index.html;
    10.     }
    11. }

            在以上配置中，每个server指令域等同于一个虚 拟服务器，每个location指令域等同于一个虚拟目录

    2.实验

            按照上述配置后，我们在/opt/nginx-web/www下放置一个index.html文件

    1. #1.查看配置文件
    2. [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
    3. user nginx;
    4. worker_processes auto;
    5. error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    6. pid /run/nginx.pid;
    7. include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
    8. events {
    9.     worker_connections 1024;
    10. }
    11. http {
    12.     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    13.                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    14.                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    15.     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    16.     sendfile            on;
    17.     tcp_nopush          on;
    18.     tcp_nodelay         on;
    19.     keepalive_timeout   65;
    20.     types_hash_max_size 4096;
    21.     include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    22.     default_type        application/octet-stream;
    23.     include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    24.     server {
    25.         listen       8080;
    26.         listen       [::]:8080;
    27.         server_name  11.0.1.18;
    28.         root         /opt/nginx-web/www;
    29.         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    30.         location / {
    31.             index  index.html index.htm;
    32.         }
    33.         error_page 404 /404.html;
    34.         location = /404.html {
    35.         }
    36.         error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    37.         location = /50x.html {
    38.         }
    39.     }
    40. }
    41. #2.查看index.html文件
    42. [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/index.html 
    43. hello world
    44. #3.重载nginx配置文件
    45. [root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
    46. #4.关闭防火墙
    47. [root@ansible01 nginx]# systemctl stop firewalld
    48. #5.关闭selinux
    49. [root@ansible01 nginx]# setenforce 0
    50. [root@ansible01 nginx]# getenforce 
    51. Permissive

    直接在windows用浏览器访问：11.0.1.18:8080

            2.1 基于域名的虚拟主机

                    2.1.1 nginx配置

    1. [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
    2. user nginx;
    3. worker_processes auto;
    4. error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    5. pid /run/nginx.pid;
    6. include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
    7. events {
    8.     worker_connections 1024;
    9. }
    10. http {
    11.     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    12.                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    13.                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    14.     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    15.     sendfile            on;
    16.     tcp_nopush          on;
    17.     tcp_nodelay         on;
    18.     keepalive_timeout   65;
    19.     types_hash_max_size 4096;
    20.     include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    21.     default_type        application/octet-stream;
    22.     include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    23.     server {
    24.         listen       80;
    25.         listen       [::]:80;
    26.         server_name  www.a.com;
    27.         root         /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;
    28.         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    29.         location / {
    30.             index  index.html index.htm;
    31.         }
    32.         error_page 404 /404.html;
    33.         location = /404.html {
    34.         }
    35.         error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    36.         location = /50x.html {
    37.         }
    38.     }
    39.     server {
    40.         listen       80;
    41.         listen       [::]:80;
    42.         server_name  www.b.com;
    43.         root         /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;
    44.         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    45.         location / {
    46.             index  index.html index.htm;
    47.         }
    48.         error_page 404 /404.html;
    49.         location = /404.html {
    50.         }
    51.         error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    52.         location = /50x.html {
    53.         }
    54.     }
    55. }

            2.1.2 准备静态文件 

    1. [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/a/index.html 
    2. hello,this is www.a.com
    3. [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/b/index.html 
    4. hello,this is www.b.com

            2.1.3 重启服务，增加ip域名映射

    1. [root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
    2. [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /etc/hosts
    3. 127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
    4. ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
    5. 11.0.1.18 www.a.com
    6. 11.0.1.18 www.b.com

            2.1.4 测试 

    1. [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.a.com
    2. hello,this is www.a.com
    3. [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.b.com
    4. hello,this is www.b.com

            2.2 基于端口的虚拟主机

            2.2.1 nginx配置

    1. [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
    2. user nginx;
    3. worker_processes auto;
    4. error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    5. pid /run/nginx.pid;
    6. include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
    7. events {
    8.     worker_connections 1024;
    9. }
    10. http {
    11.     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    12.                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    13.                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    14.     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    15.     sendfile            on;
    16.     tcp_nopush          on;
    17.     tcp_nodelay         on;
    18.     keepalive_timeout   65;
    19.     types_hash_max_size 4096;
    20.     include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    21.     default_type        application/octet-stream;
    22.     include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    23.     server {
    24.         listen       80;
    25.         listen       [::]:80;
    26.         server_name  www.test.com;
    27.         root         /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;
    28.         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    29.         location / {
    30.             index  index.html index.htm;
    31.         }
    32.         error_page 404 /404.html;
    33.         location = /404.html {
    34.         }
    35.         error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    36.         location = /50x.html {
    37.         }
    38.     }
    39.     server {
    40.         listen       81;
    41.         listen       [::]:81;
    42.         server_name  www.test.com;
    43.         root         /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;
    44.         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    45.         location / {
    46.             index  index.html index.htm;
    47.         }
    48.         error_page 404 /404.html;
    49.         location = /404.html {
    50.         }
    51.         error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    52.         location = /50x.html {
    53.         }
    54.     }
    55. }

            2.2.2 重启服务，增加IP域名映射

    1. [root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
    2. [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /etc/hosts
    3. 127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
    4. ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
    5. 11.0.1.18 www.a.com
    6. 11.0.1.18 www.b.com
    7. 11.0.1.18 www.test.com

            2.2.3 测试

    1. [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.test.com:80
    2. hello,this is www.a.com
    3. [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.test.com:81
    4. hello,this is www.b.com

            2.3 基于IP的虚拟主机

            2.3.1 nginx配置

    1. [root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
    2. user nginx;
    3. worker_processes auto;
    4. error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    5. pid /run/nginx.pid;
    6. include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
    7. events {
    8.     worker_connections 1024;
    9. }
    10. http {
    11.     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    12.                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    13.                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    14.     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    15.     sendfile            on;
    16.     tcp_nopush          on;
    17.     tcp_nodelay         on;
    18.     keepalive_timeout   65;
    19.     types_hash_max_size 4096;
    20.     include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    21.     default_type        application/octet-stream;
    22.     include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    23.     server {
    24.         listen       11.0.1.18:80;
    25.         server_name  www.test.com;
    26.         root         /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;
    27.         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    28.         location / {
    29.             index  index.html index.htm;
    30.         }
    31.         error_page 404 /404.html;
    32.         location = /404.html {
    33.         }
    34.         error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    35.         location = /50x.html {
    36.         }
    37.     }
    38.     server {
    39.         listen       11.0.1.19:80;
    40.         server_name  www.test.com;
    41.         root         /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;
    42.         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    43.         location / {
    44.             index  index.html index.htm;
    45.         }
    46.         error_page 404 /404.html;
    47.         location = /404.html {
    48.         }
    49.         error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    50.         location = /50x.html {
    51.         }
    52.     }
    53. }

            2.3.2 重启服务

    [root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload

            2.3.3 测试

    1. [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl 11.0.1.18
    2. hello,this is www.a.com
    3. [root@ansible01 nginx]# curl 11.0.1.19
    4. hello,this is www.b.com

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37278522/article/details/139619365