python学习:pyqt5

1、安装所需库

pip install pyqt5
pip install pyqt5 -tools

2、导入所需库

# 导入所需库
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QLabel, QVBoxLayout, QWidget
from PyQt5.QtCore import QThread, pyqtSignal

3、多线程举例

# 定义一个继承自QThread的Worker类，用于在后台执行计数任务
class Worker(QThread):
    # 定义一个信号，用于将计数值发送到主线程
    update_label = pyqtSignal(str)
 
    def run(self):
        # 在run方法中执行计数任务
        for i in range(10):
            # 发射信号，将计数值发送到主线程
            self.update_label.emit(f"计数： {i}")
            # 暂停1秒
            self.sleep(1)

4、定义一个继承自QMainWindow的主窗口类

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

5、初始化UI

self.initUI()

6、基本窗口模块

    def initUI(self):
        # 设置窗口标题
        self.setWindowTitle('PyQt5示例')
 
        # 创建一个垂直布局
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
 
        # 创建一个标签，显示欢迎信息
        self.label = QLabel('不吃橘子的橘猫')
        layout.addWidget(self.label)  # 确保将标签添加到布局中
 
        # 创建一个容器，将布局添加到容器中
        container = QWidget()
        container.setLayout(layout)
 
        # 将容器设置为窗口的中心部件
        self.setCentralWidget(container)
 
        # 创建一个Worker实例
        self.worker = Worker()
        # 将Worker的信号连接到主线程的槽函数
        self.worker.update_label.connect(self.update_label_text)
        # 启动Worker线程
        self.worker.start()
 
     # 定义一个槽函数，用于更新标签的文本
    def update_label_text(self, text):
        if self.first_update:  # 如果是第一次更新，则显示欢迎消息
            self.first_update = False
            return
        self.label.setText(text)

7、程序入口

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建应用程序实例
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    # 创建主窗口实例
    mainWin = MainWindow()
    # 显示主窗口
    mainWin.show()
    # 运行应用程序
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

8、多线程完整示例1

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QLabel, QVBoxLayout, QWidget
from PyQt5.QtCore import QThread, pyqtSignal
 
class Worker(QThread):
    update_label = pyqtSignal(str)
 
    def run(self):
        for i in range(10):
            self.update_label.emit(f"计数： {i}")
            self.sleep(1)
 
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
 
        self.initUI()
        self.first_update = True  # 添加一个变量来检查是否是第一次更新
 
    def initUI(self):
        # 设置窗口标题
        self.setWindowTitle('PyQt5示例')
 
        # 创建一个垂直布局
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
 
        # 创建一个标签，显示欢迎信息
        self.label = QLabel('不吃橘子的橘猫')
        layout.addWidget(self.label)  # 确保将标签添加到布局中
 
        # 创建一个容器，将布局添加到容器中
        container = QWidget()
        container.setLayout(layout)
 
        # 将容器设置为窗口的中心部件
        self.setCentralWidget(container)
 
        # 创建一个Worker实例
        self.worker = Worker()
        # 将Worker的信号连接到主线程的槽函数
        self.worker.update_label.connect(self.update_label_text)
        # 启动Worker线程
        self.worker.start()
 
        # 定义一个槽函数，用于更新标签的文本
 
    def update_label_text(self, text):
        if self.first_update:  # 如果是第一次更新，则显示欢迎消息
            self.first_update = False
            return
        self.label.setText(text)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWin = MainWindow()
    mainWin.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

9、画一个搜索框

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton, QLineEdit, QVBoxLayout, QWidget, QMainWindow
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
 
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
 
    def initUI(self):
        # 设置窗口属性
        self.setWindowTitle("搜索框")
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 401, 301)
 
        # 创建按钮和搜索框
        self.search_button = QPushButton("搜索", self)
        self.search_button.clicked.connect(self.showSearchDialog)
        self.search_box = QLineEdit(self)
        self.search_box.hide()
 
        # 布局管理器
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.search_button)
        layout.addWidget(self.search_box)
 
        # 创建主窗口的中央部件
        self.central_widget = QWidget(self)
        self.central_widget.setLayout(layout)
        self.setCentralWidget(self.central_widget)
 
    def showSearchDialog(self):
        self.search_box.show()
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

10、页面例子

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QPushButton, QLineEdit, QVBoxLayout, QWidget
 
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
 
        # 设置窗口标题
        self.setWindowTitle("页面例子")
 
        # 创建四个按钮
        self.start_button = QPushButton("开始", self)
        self.search_button = QPushButton("搜索", self)
        self.settings_button = QPushButton("设置", self)
        self.author_button = QPushButton("作者", self)
 
        # 创建搜索框
        self.search_box = QLineEdit(self)
        self.search_box.hide()
 
        # 设置布局
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.start_button)
        layout.addWidget(self.search_button)
        layout.addWidget(self.settings_button)
        layout.addWidget(self.author_button)
        layout.addWidget(self.search_box)
 
        container = QWidget()
        container.setLayout(layout)
        self.setCentralWidget(container)
 
        # 连接信号和槽
        self.search_button.clicked.connect(self.show_search_box)
 
    def show_search_box(self):
        if self.search_box.isVisible():
            self.search_box.hide()
        else:
            self.search_box.show()
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

11、与pyvisa联动：

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton
from PyQt5.QtCore import QThread, pyqtSignal
import pyvisa
import time
 
class ControlVoltageThread(QThread):
    finished = pyqtSignal()
 
    def __init__(self, function):
        super().__init__()
        self.function = function
 
    def run(self):
        self.function()
        self.finished.emit()
 
def control_voltage_sequence1():
    rm = pyvisa.ResourceManager()
    instrument = rm.open_resource('USB0::0x2EC7::0x6700::802260084767510008::INSTR')
 
    # 逐渐增加电压值至10V
    for voltage in range(0, 11):
        instrument.write("VOLT {}".format(voltage))
        time.sleep(0.5)  # 每0.5秒增加一个单位的电压
 
    # 维持电压值为10V两秒
    time.sleep(2)
 
    # 逐渐减少电压值至0V
    for voltage in range(10, -1, -1):
        instrument.write("VOLT {}".format(voltage))
        time.sleep(0.5)  # 每0.5秒减少一个单位的电压
 
    # 维持电压值为0V五秒
    time.sleep(5)
 
    # 获取电压读数
    print(instrument.query("MEAS:VOLT?"))
 
def control_voltage_sequence2():
    rm = pyvisa.ResourceManager()
    instrument = rm.open_resource('USB0::0x2EC7::0x6700::802260084767510008::INSTR')
 
    # 设置电压为5V，持续两秒
    instrument.write("VOLT 5")
    time.sleep(2)
 
    # 设置电压为10V，持续两秒
    instrument.write("VOLT 10")
    time.sleep(2)
 
    # 设置电压为15V，持续两秒
    instrument.write("VOLT 15")
    time.sleep(2)
 
    # 设置电压为10V，持续两秒
    instrument.write("VOLT 10")
    time.sleep(2)
 
    # 设置电压为5V，持续两秒
    instrument.write("VOLT 5")
    time.sleep(2)
 
    # 获取电压读数
    print(instrument.query("MEAS:VOLT?"))
 
class MainWindow(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
 
        self.initUI()
 
    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('电压控制')
 
        self.start_button = QPushButton('启动', self)
        self.start_button.clicked.connect(self.on_start_button_clicked)
        self.start_button.resize(self.start_button.sizeHint())
        self.start_button.move(50, 50)
 
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 200, 150)
 
    def on_start_button_clicked(self):
        self.thread1 = ControlVoltageThread(control_voltage_sequence1)
        self.thread1.finished.connect(self.on_thread1_finished)
        self.thread1.start()
 
        self.thread2 = ControlVoltageThread(control_voltage_sequence2)
        self.thread2.finished.connect(self.on_thread2_finished)
        self.thread2.start()
 
    def on_thread1_finished(self):
        print("线程1完成")
 
    def on_thread2_finished(self):
        print("线程2完成")
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWin = MainWindow()
    mainWin.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

上接（NIMAX及pyvisa）：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_73011353/article/details/137994653https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_73011353/article/details/137994653

12、快捷键：