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Django项目使用uwsgi+nginx部署上线
Django项目使用uwsgi+nginx部署上线
前言
代码已经开发完成，正式部署上线
settings 配置
DEBUG = False ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] ... # 静态资源 STATIC_URL = '/static/' STATICFILES_DIRS = [ BASE_DIR / 'StaticFiles'] STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'Allstatic') # or # STATIC_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'Allstatic' # 资源部署 # 媒体资源 MEDIA_URL = '/media/' MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'media'- 1
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python manage.py collectstatic # 按照 STATIC_ROOT 收集静态文件- 1
项目下urls.py from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include, re_path from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls from django.views.static import serve from django.conf import settings urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), ... # django改为上线模式后，不再提供静态文件服务，需要添加静态资源的路由信息 re_path('static/(?P.*)' , serve, {'document_root': settings.STATIC_ROOT}, name='static') # 定义媒体资源的路由信息 re_path('media/(?P.*)' , serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}, name='media'), ]- 1
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1、安装uwsgi 和配置uwsgi
安装uWSGI pip3 install uwsgi 测试uWSGI是否安装成功 在终端中输入以下命令查看uwsgi的版本号，如果输出正常，说明uswgi已安装成功 $ uwsgi --version 2.0.15- 1
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如果想要运行项目来测试 # uwsgi --http :8000 --chdir 项目路径 -w 项目.wsgi 静态文件地址--static-map=/static=static uwsgi --http :8000 --chdir /home/teacher/ -w teacher.wsgi --static-map=/static=static- 1
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推荐配置文件启用wsgi
不使用nginx的配置（不推荐）
uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] # 项目绝对路径 chdir = /home/cooper/projects/foo/web1 # 监听的端口，当没有nginx时使用这个 http = 0.0.0.0:8000 # 静态资源代理 映射目录，实际静态目录 static-map = /static= /home/cooper/projects/foo/web1/Allstatic # 主应用中的wsgi文件 wsgi-file = /home/cooper/projects/foo/web1/web1/wsgi.py # 启动一个master进程来管理其他的子进程 master = True # 开启四个进程 processes = 4 # 两个线程 thread = 2 # 设置每个工作进程处理请求上限，达到上限时，将回收/重启，可预防内存泄漏 max-request = 5000 # 服务停止时自动移除unix socket和pid 文件 vacuum = True # uwsgi 日志 #daemonize = /root/Server/logs/uwsgi.log logto = /home/cooper/projects/foo/web1/logs/ty_log.log # 需要创建logs文件夹 # 日志格式化 logformat = %(ltime) | pid:%(pid) wid:%(wid) | %(proto) %(status) | %(method) | %(host)%(uri) | request_body_size:%(cl) | response_body_size:%(rsize) # 服务的pid记录文件 pidfile = uwsgi.pid # 指定虚拟环境 绝对地址到bin文件夹前 # virtualenv = /home/venv- 1
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使用nginx的配置
uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] # 项目绝对路径 chdir = /home/cooper/projects/foo/web1 ;套接字方式的IP地址：端口号【此模式需要有nginx，如果只用uwsgi的话可以忽略此项】 ;socket=0.0.0.0:8000 # 主应用中的wsgi文件 wsgi-file = /home/cooper/projects/foo/web1/web1/wsgi.py # 启动一个master进程来管理其他的子进程 master = True # 开启四个进程 processes = 4 # 两个线程 thread = 2 # 设置每个工作进程处理请求上限，达到上限时，将回收/重启，可预防内存泄漏 max-request = 5000 # 服务停止时自动移除unix socket和pid 文件 vacuum = True # uwsgi 日志 #daemonize = /root/Server/logs/uwsgi.log logto = /home/cooper/projects/foo/web1/logs/ty_log.log # 日志格式化 logformat = %(ltime) | pid:%(pid) wid:%(wid) | %(proto) %(status) | %(method) | %(host)%(uri) | request_body_size:%(cl) | response_body_size:%(rsize) # 服务的pid记录文件 pidfile = uwsgi.pid # 指定虚拟环境 绝对地址到bin文件夹前 # virtualenv = /home/venv- 1
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2、安装 nginx和配置
yum install nginx -y 安装 systemctl start nginx 启动 systemctl stop nginx 停止 systemctl status nginx 查看状态 systemctl restart nginx 重启 systemctl enable nginx 开机自启动- 1
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niginx 配置
安装nginx后，默认的配置文件在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 修改nginx.conf- 1
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基本配置 # For more information on configuration, see: # * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ # * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/ user root; # 用户名 worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic. include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 4096; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; upstream django { server 127.0.0.1:8000; } # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory. # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include # for more information. # include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; # server_name _; # root /usr/share/nginx/html; # Load configuration files for the default server block. # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location /static { alias /home/cooper/projects/foo/web1/Allstatic/; } location / { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_pass django; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } # Settings for a TLS enabled server. # # server { # listen 443 ssl http2; # listen [::]:443 ssl http2; # server_name _; # root /usr/share/nginx/html; # # ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt"; # ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key"; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 10m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # # # Load configuration files for the default server block. # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; # # error_page 404 /404.html; # location = /40x.html { # } # # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; # location = /50x.html { # } # } }- 1
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完整配置 （待验证） user www-data; worker_processes auto; pid /run/nginx.pid; include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf; events { worker_connections 768; # multi_accept on; } http { sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; gzip on; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; server { listen 80; # 监听80端口，作为默认服务器 server_name app4007.acapp.acwing.com.cn; # 服务器名，可以是域名或IP地址 rewrite ^(.*)$ https://${server_name}$1 permanent; } server { listen 443 ssl; # 将80端口的HTTP请求重定向到443端口的HTTPS请求，提高安全性，使用SSL证书和协议来保证HTTPS请求的加密和验证 server_name app4007.acapp.acwing.com.cn; ssl_certificate cert/acapp.pem; ssl_certificate_key cert/acapp.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; charset utf-8; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; client_max_body_size 10M; location / { # 匹配所有请求路径 include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params; # 包含uWSGI的请求参数 uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000; # 转发请求给uWSGI服务器，由Django应用程序处理 uwsgi_read_timeout 60; # 设置uWSGI的读取超时时间 } location /static { # 匹配以'/static'开头的请求路径，将以'/static'开头的请求直接返回静态文件内容，提高效率 alias /home/asanosaki/djangoapp/static/; # 指定静态文件存放的目录 } location /wss { # 匹配以'/wss'开头的请求路径，将以'/wss'开头的请求转发给WebSocket服务器，实现双向通信 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5015; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade"; } } }- 1
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3、运行
systemctl start nginx 进入到虚拟环境后（按需） 找到uwsgi.ini的配置文件 uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini & 加上 & 表示后台运行- 1
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脚本运行
启动脚本reboot.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash echo -e "\033[34m---------------------wsgi process------------------------------\033[0m" ps ef|grep uwsgi.ini | grep -v grep sleep 0.5 echo -e "\n---------------------------going to close----------------------------------" ps -ef | grep uwsgi.ini | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9 sleep 0.5 echo -e "\n----------------------check if the kill action is correct----------------------------" /root/.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/foo-bXHpp0ED-py3.9/bin/uwsgi --ini wx_uwsgi.ini & >/dev/null echo -e "\n\033[42;1m------------------------started-------------------------\033[0m" sleep 1 ps ef | grep uwsgi.ini | grep -v grep- 1
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停止脚本 stop.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash echo -e "\033[34m---------------------wsgi process------------------------------\033[0m" ps ef|grep uwsgi.ini | grep -v grep sleep 0.5 echo -e "\n---------------------------going to close----------------------------------" ps -ef | grep wx_uwsgi.ini | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9 sleep 0.5- 1
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参考资料
django项目使用uwsgi方式启动
django+wsgi+nginx 环境ubuntu
Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 的生产环境部署实战
认识Nginx并部署Django项目
Django、Nginx、uWSGI详解及配置示例 -
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/cooper_wx/article/details/137948945
