• [ansible] playbook运用

    一、复习playbook剧本

    1. ---
    2. - name: first play for install nginx   #设置play的名称
    3.   gather_facts: false                  #设置不收集facts信息
    4.   hosts: webservers:dbservers          #指定执行此play的远程主机组
    5.   remote_user: root                    #指定执行此play的用户
    6.   tasks:                               #指定此play的任务列表
    7.   - name: disabled firewalld
    8.     service: name=firewalld  state=stopped  enabled=no
    9.   - name: disable selinux
    10.     command: '/sbin/setenforce 0'
    11.     ignore_errors: yes
    12.   - name: disabled selinux forever
    13.     replace: path=/etc/selinux/config  regexp=enforcing  replace=disabled  after=loaded
    14.   - name: mount cdrom
    15.     mount: src=/dev/sr0 path=/mnt fstype=iso9660 state=mounted
    16.   - name: install pkgs
    17.     yum: name=pcre-devel,zlib-devel,openssl-devel,gcc,gcc-c++,make state=latest
    18.   - name: create nginx user
    19.     user: name=nginx create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin
    20.   - name: unarchive nginx package
    21.     unarchive: copy=yes src=/etc/ansible/nginx/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz dest=/opt/
    22.   - name: install nginx by source
    23.     shell: chdir=/opt/nginx-1.24.0/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
    24.   - name: create link file for nginx
    25.     file: state=link src=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx path=/usr/local/sbin/nginx
    26.   - name: create nginx service file
    27.     copy: src=nginx.service dest=/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
    28.   - name: start nginx
    29.     service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes

     

     

    二、playbook的定义、引用变量

    2.1 基础变量的定义与引用

    在yaml文件中，我们可以在初始配置的模块中用var去定义变量的存在，变量的格式为key:value,以此来确定该变量在剧本中的存在

    1. vim test1.yaml
    2. ---
    3. - name: this is a play for testing variables
    4.   hosts: dbservers
    5.   remote_user: root
    6.   vars:
    7.    filename: abc.txt
    8.   tasks:
    9.    - name: touch a test file
    10.      file: path=/opt/{{filename}} state=touch
    11.  
    12.  
    13. ansible-playbook test1.yaml

     

    2.2 引用fact信息中的变量  

    首先我们知道  使用 ansible 组  -m setup   可以收集该组中所有的节点信息 ，

    所以setup中fact'信息，有时候会剧本编写中需要，而fact的信息也是可以通过变量的方式进行调用

    1. vim test2.yaml
    2. ---
    3. - name: this is a playbook for quote variate
    4.   hosts: dbservers
    5.   remote_user: root
    6.   tasks:
    7.    - name: reading setup fact variate
    8.      debug: msg={{ansible_date_time.weekday}}
    9. ~

     

    三、playbook中的when条件判断和变量循环使用 

    3.1 when条件判断 

    1. #选用filter=ansible_default_ipv4中的address作为when条件进行测试
    2. ansible all -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_default_ipv4'

    1. vim test3.yaml
    2. ---
    3. - name: this is when test playbook
    4.   hosts: all
    5.   remote_user: root
    6.   tasks:
    7.    - name: test when
    8.      debug: msg='判断位置'
    9.      when: ansible_default_ipv4.address == "192.168.136.198"
    10.  
    11.  
    12. ansible-playbook test3.yaml

     

    除此之外 when条件还可以通过 ！=（不等于条件来进行判断） 

    1. vim test3.yaml
    2. ---
    3. - name: this is when test playbook
    4.   hosts: all
    5.   remote_user: root
    6.   tasks:
    7.    - name: test when
    8.      debug: msg='判断位置'
    9.      when: ansible_default_ipv4.address != "192.168.136.198"
    10. ansible-playbook test3.yaml

    四、变量循环 

    （1）with_item 单循环输出
    1. vim test4.yaml
    2. ---
    3. - name: item test
    4.   hosts: dbservers
    5.   remote_user: root
    6.   gather_facts: no
    7.   tasks:
    8.    - debug:
    9.        msg: "{{item}}"
    10.      with_items: [a, b, c, d]
    11.  
    12. ansible-playbook test4.yaml

     

     当列表为两个时。with_item的输出方式：

    1. vim test4.yaml
    2. ---
    3. - name: item test
    4.   hosts: dbservers
    5.   remote_user: root
    6.   gather_facts: no
    7.   tasks:
    8.    - debug:
    9.        msg: "{{item}}"
    10.      with_items:
    11.       - [a, b, c, d]
    12.       - [1 ,2, 3, 4]
    13. ansible-playbook test4.yaml

     

    （2）with_list  每组列表一起循环的输出 
    1. ---
    2. - name: item test
    3.   hosts: dbservers
    4.   remote_user: root
    5.   gather_facts: no
    6.   tasks:
    7.    - debug:
    8.        msg: "{{item}}"
    9.      with_list:
    10.       - [a, b, c, d]
    11.       - [1 ,2, 3, 4]
    12. ~                                                                                                                                           
    13. ~

    （3）with_together 同一列表位置数据组合输出的循环 

    1. ---
    2. - name: item test
    3.   hosts: dbservers
    4.   remote_user: root
    5.   gather_facts: no
    6.   tasks:
    7.    - debug:
    8.        msg: "{{item}}"
    9.      with_together:
    10.       - [a, b, c, d]
    11.       - [1 ,2, 3, 4]
    12. ~

     

    1. ---
    2. - name: item test
    3.   hosts: dbservers
    4.   remote_user: root
    5.   gather_facts: no
    6.   tasks:
    7.    - debug:
    8.        msg: "{{item}}"
    9.      with_together:
    10.       - [a, b, c, d]
    11.       - [1 ,2, 3, 4]
    12.       - [A, B, C]

     

    （4） with_nested 列表数据循环匹配的循环（根据列表个数定义有多少层的循环） 
    1. ---
    2. - name: item test
    3.   hosts: dbservers
    4.   remote_user: root
    5.   gather_facts: no
    6.   tasks:
    7.    - debug:
    8.        msg: "{{item}}"
    9.      with_nested:
    10.       - [a, b, c, d]
    11.       - [1 ,2, 3, 4]
    12. ~

     

    四种迭代循环方式的总结

    whith_items:  {{item}}会把所有的列表展开进行遍历输出，with_flattened也可以替代with_items

     with_list:    {{item}}会把每个列表当作一个整体输出。如果每个列表中只有一个值，则效果与with items一致。loop也可以替代ith

     with_together: {{item}}引用时会把每个列表相同位置的值对齐合并后输出

    with nested:{ {item}}引用时会把每个列表的值两两组合循环输出

    五、Templates 模块

    Jinja是基于Python的模板引擎。Template类是Jinja的一个重要组件，可以看作是一个编译过的模板文件，用来产生目标文本，传递Python的变量给模板去替换模板中的标记。 

     本次我们以改变apche的配置文件为例，来展现Templates模块的运用

    （1）先准备一个以 .j2 为后缀的 template 模板文件，设置引用的变量 
    1. #如果没有相关的httpd的配置文件，可以先yum按住一个httpd的服务，取其主配置文件
    2. cp httpd.conf /etc/ansible/httpd/httpd.conf.j2
    3.  
    4. vim /etc/ansible/httpd/httpd.conf.j2
    5. Listen {{http_port}}				#42行，修改
    6. ServerName {{server_name}}			#95行，修改
    7. DocumentRoot "{{root_dir}}"          #119行，修改

    （2） 修改主机清单文件，使用主机变量定义一个变量名相同，而值不同的变量 
    1. vim /etc/ansible/hosts       
    2. [webservers]
    3. 192.168.136.197 http_port=192.168.136.197:80 server_name=www.test1.com:80 root_dir=/etc/httpd/htdocs
    4.  
    5. [dbservers]
    6. 192.168.136.198 http_port=192.168.136.198:80 server_name=www.test2.com:80 root_dir=/etc/httpd/htdocs

     此外如果没有做DNS解析域名，还需要对主机名进行映射 ：

    1. vim /etc/hosts
    2.  
    3. 192.168.73.106 www.test1.com
    4. 192.168.73.107 www.test2.com
    （3）编写 playbook 
    1. mkdir /etc/ansible/templates
    2. vim apache.yaml
    3. ---
    4. - hosts: all
    5.   remote_user: root
    6.   vars:
    7.     - package: httpd
    8.     - service: httpd
    9.   tasks:
    10.     - name: install httpd package
    11.       yum: name={{package}} state=latest
    12.     - name: install configure file
    13.       template: src=/etc/ansible/httpd/httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    14.       notify:
    15.         - restart httpd
    16.     - name: create root dir
    17.       file: path=/etc/httpd/htdocs state=directory
    18.     - name: start httpd server
    19.       service: name={{service}} enabled=true state=started
    20.   handlers:
    21.     - name: restart httpd
    22.       service: name={{service}} state=restarted
    23.  
    24.  
    25. ansiable-playbook apache.yaml

     

    ​​​​​​​

    六、Tags 

    可以在一个playbook中为某个或某些任务定义“标签”，在执行此playbook时通过ansible-playbook命令使用--tags选项能实现仅运行指定的tasks。
    playbook还提供了一个特殊的tags为always。作用就是当使用always作为tags的task时，无论执行哪一个tags时，定义有always的tags都会执行。

    6.1 单标签的使用

    1. vim test10.yaml
    2. ---
    3. - name: this is a play for testing variables
    4.   hosts: dbservers
    5.   remote_user: root
    6.   vars:
    7.    filename: abc.txt
    8.   tasks:
    9.    - name: position 1
    10.      debug:
    11.        msg: 'ls /opt'
    12.      tags:
    13.       - only
    14.    - name: position 2
    15.      debug:
    16.        msg: 'ls /mnt'
    17.  
    18. ansible-playbook test1.yaml --tags="only"

    6.2 多标签的运用

    1. ---
    2. - name: this is a play for testing variables
    3.   hosts: dbservers
    4.   remote_user: root
    5.   vars:
    6.    filename: abc.txt
    7.   tasks:
    8.    - name: position 1
    9.      debug:
    10.        msg: '测试标签1'
    11.      tags:
    12.       - one
    13.    - name: position 2
    14.      debug:
    15.        msg: '测试标签2'
    16.      tags:
    17.       - two
    18.  
    19.    - name: position 3
    20.      debug:
    21.        msg: '测试标签3'
    22.      tags:
    23.       - one

     

    6.3 通用标签always的运用  

    1. ---
    2. - name: this is a play for testing variables
    3.   hosts: dbservers
    4.   remote_user: root
    5.   vars:
    6.    filename: abc.txt
    7.   tasks:
    8.    - name: position 1
    9.      debug:
    10.        msg: '测试标签1'
    11.      tags:
    12.       - one
    13.    - name: position 2
    14.      debug:
    15.        msg: '测试通用标签always'
    16.      tags:
    17.       - always
    18.  
    19.    - name: position 3
    20.      debug:
    21.        msg: '测试标签3'
    22.      tags:
    23.       - one

     

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/Cnm_147258/article/details/136152944