Elasticsearch文档操作

一、Elasticsearch的CURD

1、CURD之Create

PUT lqz/doc/1
{
   
  "name":"顾老二",
  "age":30,
  "from": "gu",
  "desc": "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
  "tags": ["黑", "长", "直"]
}
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他明处貌似还有俩老婆：

PUT lqz/doc/2
{
   
  "name":"大娘子",
  "age":18,
  "from":"sheng",
  "desc":"肤白貌美，娇憨可爱",
  "tags":["白", "富","美"]
}

PUT lqz/doc/3
{
   
  "name":"龙套偏房",
  "age":22,
  "from":"gu",
  "desc":"mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
  "tags":["造数据", "真","难"]
}
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家里红旗不倒，家外彩旗飘摇：

PUT lqz/doc/4
{
   
  "name":"石头",
  "age":29,
  "from":"gu",
  "desc":"粗中有细，狐假虎威",
  "tags":["粗", "大","猛"]
}

PUT lqz/doc/5
{
   
  "name":"魏行首",
  "age":25,
  "from":"广云台",
  "desc":"仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月,飘飘兮若流风之回雪,mmp，最后竟然没有嫁给顾老二！",
  "tags":["闭月","羞花"]
}
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注意：当执行PUT命令时，如果数据不存在，则新增该条数据，如果数据存在则修改该条数据。

咱们通过GET命令查询一下：

GET lqz/doc/1
1

结果如下：

{
   
  "_index" : "lqz",
  "_type" : "doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
   
    "name" : "顾老二",
    "age" : 30,
    "from" : "gu",
    "desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
    "tags" : [
      "黑",
      "长",
      "直"
    ]
  }
}
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查询也没啥问题，但是你可能说了，人家老二是黄种人，怎么是黑的呢？好吧咱改改desc和tags：

PUT lqz/doc/1
{
   
  "desc":"皮肤很黄，武器很长，性格很直",
  "tags":["很黄","很长", "很直"]
}
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上例，我们仅修改了desc和tags两处，而name、age和from三个属性没有变化，我们可以忽略不写吗？查查看：

GET lqz/doc/1
1

结果如下：

{
   
  "_index" : "lqz",
  "_type" : "doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
   
    "desc" : "皮肤很黄，武器很长，性格很直",
    "tags" : [
      "很黄",
      "很长",
      "很直"
    ]
  }
}
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哎呀，出事故了！修改是修改了，但结果不太理想啊，因为name、age和from属性都没啦！
注意：**PUT命令，在做修改操作时，如果未指定其他的属性，则按照指定的属性进行修改操作。**也就是如上例所示的那样，我们修改时只修改了desc和tags两个属性，其他的属性并没有一起添加进去。

很明显，这是病！dai治！怎么治？上车，咱们继续往下走！

2、CURD之Update

让我们首先恢复一下事故现场：

PUT lqz/doc/1
{
   
  "name":"顾老二",
  "age":30,
  "from": "gu",
  "desc": "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
  "tags": ["黑", "长", "直"]
}

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我们要将黑修改成黄：

POST lqz/doc/1/_update
{
   
  "doc": {
   
    "desc": "皮肤很黄，武器很长，性格很直",
    "tags": ["很黄","很长", "很直"]
  }
}

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上例中，我们使用POST命令，在id后面跟_update，要修改的内容放到doc文档（属性）中即可。

我们再来查询一次：

GET lqz/doc/1

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结果如下：

{
   
  "_index" : "lqz",
  "_type" : "doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 5,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
   
    "name" : "顾老二",
    "age" : 30,
    "from" : "gu",
    "desc" : "皮肤很黄，武器很长，性格很直",
    "tags" : [
      "很黄",
      "很长",
      "很直"
    ]
  }
}

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结果如上例所示，现在其他的属性没有变化，只有desc和tags属性被修改。

注意：POST命令，这里可用来执行修改操作（还有其他的功能），POST命令配合_update完成修改操作，指定修改的内容放到doc中。

写了这么多，我也发现我上面有讲的不对的地方——石头不是跟顾老二不清不楚，石头是跟小桃不清不楚！好吧，刚才那个数据是一个错误示范！我们这就把它干掉！

3、CURD之Delete

DELETE lqz/doc/4

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很简单，通过DELETE命令，就可以删除掉那个错误示范了！

删除效果如下：

{
   
  "_index" : "lqz",
  "_type" : "doc",
  "_id" : "4",
  "_version" : 4,
  "result" : "deleted",
  "_shards" : {
   
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 4,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

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我们再来查询一遍：

GET lqz/doc/4

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结果如下：

{
   
  "_index" : "lqz",
  "_type" : "doc",
  "_id" : "4",
  "found" : false
}

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上例中，found：false表示查询数据不存在。

4、CURD之Retrieve

我们上面已经不知不觉的使用熟悉这种简单查询方式，通过 GET命令查询指定文档：

GET lqz/doc/1

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结果如下：

{
   
  "_index" : "lqz",
  "_type" : "doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 5,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
   
    "name" : "顾老二",
    "age" : 30,
    "from" : "gu",
    "desc" : "皮肤很黄，武器很长，性格很直",
    "tags" : [
      "很黄",
      "很长",
      "很直"
    ]
  }
}

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二、Elasticsearch之查询的两种方式

1、前言

简单的没挑战，来点复杂的，elasticsearch提供两种查询方式：

• 查询字符串(query string)，简单查询，就像是像传递URL参数一样去传递查询语句，被称为简单搜索或查询字符串(query string)搜索。
• 另外一种是通过DSL语句来进行查询，被称为DSL查询(Query DSL),DSL是Elasticsearch提供的一种丰富且灵活的查询语言，该语言以json请求体的形式出现，通过restful请求与Elasticsearch进行交互。

2、准备数据

PUT lqz/doc/1
{
   
  "name":"顾老二",
  "age":30,
  "from": "gu",
  "desc": "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
  "tags": ["黑", "长", "直"]
}

PUT lqz/doc/2
{
   
  "name":"大娘子",
  "age":18,
  "from":"sheng",
  "desc":"肤白貌美，娇憨可爱",
  "tags":["白", "富","美"]
}

PUT lqz/doc/3
{
   
  "name":"龙套偏房",
  "age":22,
  "from":"gu",
  "desc":"mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
  "tags":["造数据", "真","难"]
}


PUT lqz/doc/4
{
   
  "name":"石头",
  "age":29,
  "from":"gu",
  "desc":"粗中有细，狐假虎威",
  "tags":["粗", "大","猛"]
}

PUT lqz/doc/5
{
   
  "name":"魏行首",
  "age":25,
  "from":"广云台",
  "desc":"仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月,飘飘兮若流风之回雪,mmp，最后竟然没有嫁给顾老二！",
  "tags":["闭月","羞花"]
}
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3、查询字符串

GET lqz/doc/_search?q=from:gu
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还是使用GET命令，通过_serarch查询，查询条件是什么呢？条件是from属性是gu家的人都有哪些。最后，别忘了_search和from属性中间的英文分隔符?

结果如下：

{
   
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
   
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
   
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 0.6931472,
    "hits" : [
      {
   
        "_index" : "lqz",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.6931472,
        "_source" : {
   
          "name" : "石头",
          "age" : 29,
          "from" : "gu",
          "desc" : "粗中有细，狐假虎威",
          "tags" : [
            "粗",
            "大",
            "猛"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
   
        "_index" : "lqz",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
   
          "name" : "顾老二",
          "age" : 30,
          "from" : "gu",
          "desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
          "tags" : [
            "黑",
            "长",
            "直"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
   
        "_index" : "lqz",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
   
          "name" : "龙套偏房",
          "age" : 22,
          "from" : "gu",
          "desc" : "mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
          "tags" : [
            "造数据",
            "真",
            "难"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
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我们来重点说下hits，hits是返回的结果集——所有from属性为gu的结果集。重点中的重点是_score得分，得分是什么呢？根据算法算出跟查询条件的匹配度，匹配度高得分就高。后面再说这个算法是怎么回事。

4、结构化查询

我们现在使用DSL方式，来完成刚才的查询，查看来自顾家的都有哪些人。

GET lqz/doc/_search
{
   
  "query": {
   
    "match": {
   
      "from": "gu"
    }
  }
}
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上例，查询条件是一步步构建出来的，将查询条件添加到match中即可，而match则是查询所有from字段的值中含有gu的结果就会返回。
当然结果没啥变化：

{
   
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
   
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
   
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 0.6931472,
    "hits" : [
      {
   
        "_index" : "lqz",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.6931472,
        "_source" : {
   
          "name" : "石头",
          "age" : 29,
          "from" : "gu",
          "desc" : "粗中有细，狐假虎威",
          "tags" : [
            "粗",
            "大",
            "猛"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
   
        "_index" : "lqz",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
   
          "name" : "顾老二",
          "age" : 30,
          "from" : "gu",
          "desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
          "tags" : [
            "黑",
            "长",
            "直"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
   
        "_index" : "lqz",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
   
          "name" : "龙套偏房",
          "age" : 22,
          "from" : "gu",
          "desc" : "mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
          "tags" : [
            "造数据",
            "真",
            "难"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
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三、term与match查询

1、match查询

1.1 准备数据

PUT lqz/doc/1
{
   
  "name":"顾老二",
  "age":30,
  "from": "gu",
  "desc": "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
  "tags": ["黑", "长", "直"]
}

PUT lqz/doc/2
{
   
  "name":"大娘子",
  "age":18,
  "from":"sheng",
  "desc":"肤白貌美，娇憨可爱",
  "tags":["白", "富","美"]
}

PUT lqz/doc/3
{
   
  "name":"龙套偏房",
  "age":22,
  "from":"gu",
  "desc":"mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",
  "tags":["造数据", "真","难"]
}


PUT lqz/doc/4
{
   
  "name":"石头",
  "age":29,
  "from":"gu",
  "desc":"粗中有细，狐假虎威",
  "tags":["粗", "大","猛"]
}

PUT lqz/doc/5
{
   
  "name":"魏行首",
  "age":25,
  "from":"广云台",
  "desc":"仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月,飘飘兮若流风之回雪,mmp，最后竟然没有嫁给顾老二！",
  "tags":["闭月","羞花"]
}
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1.2 match系列之match（按条件查询）

我们查看来自顾家的都有哪些人。

GET lqz/doc/_search
{
   
  "query": {
   
    "match": {
   
      "from": "gu"
    }
  }
}
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上例，查询条件是一步步构建出来的，将查询条件添加到match中即可，而match则是查询所有from字段的值中含有gu的结果就会返回。
结果如下：

{
   
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
   
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
   
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 0.6931472,
    "hits" : [
      {
   
        "_index" : "lqz",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.6931472,
        "_source" : {
   
          "name" : "石头",
          "age" : 29,
          "from" : "gu",
          "desc" : "粗中有细，狐假虎
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