摘 要
直流无刷电机具有高转矩，高功率密度等优越性。跟早期的直流无刷电机相比，具有更高的可靠性及更长的使用寿命。但是，直流无刷要求电励磁与转子必须同步，所以，就需要有一个或多个位置传感器，通常会使用的就是霍尔传感器。但是，传感器的存在，影响了直流无刷电机的使用寿命，增加了控制的成本，也局限了应用的领域。所以，如果能够不使用传感器，但能达到相同的驱动目的，就能够大大提升直流无刷电机的性能并降低其控制成本。于是，就有人提出了无传感器控制方法。
首先，本文探讨了直流无刷电动机无位置传感器控制策略发展的背景与现状，并介绍了主要的几种无位置传感器控制方法并分析了各自的技术优缺点以及适用的场合。
其次，对直流无刷电动机的数学模型进行了详细的描述，介绍了常用的三种坐标系下的电机数学模型。并结合矢量控制和空间矢量脉宽调制技术，给出了基于转子磁场定向的直流无刷电机矢量控制框图，为下一步的电机无位置传感器控制做铺垫。
接着，深入研究了适用于不同调速范围无位置传感器控制控制算法。
最后基于前文的分析研究，通过 MATLAB/Simulink 实验仿真平台对本文所提的方法和内容进行了仿真验证。实验结果证明了前文所述算法的有效性。
深入学习直流无刷电机的整体结构和分类，针对直流无刷电机无传感器控制作为研究对象。在对直流无刷电机无传感器控制工作原理和各个部分的数学模型进行深入研究的基础上，在MATLAB/SIMULINK对不同部件的传递原理和数学模型进行了深入的研究，建立电机无传感器控制系统动力学模型，通过仿真结果验证，可以比较各种策略与方案，优化并确定相关参数。最后，对无传感器直流无刷电机系统分析方法进行了详细比较分析，为科学决策提供可靠的依据。
本次设计经过模型搭建、仿真验证，在学习掌握直流无刷电机工作特性的同时，参考得到的仿真结果，为更进一步的设计开发新的产品奠定坚实的基础。
关键词：矢量控制，无位置传感器控制，数学模型，直流无刷电机
Abstract
Brushless DC motor has the advantages of high torque, high power density and so on. Compared with the early brushless DC motor, it has higher reliability and longer service life. However, brushless DC electric excitation and rotor must be synchronized, so it is necessary to have one or more position sensors, usually used is the Hall sensor. However, the existence of sensors affects the service life of brushless DC motor, increases the cost of control, and also limits the application field. Therefore, if the same driving purpose can be achieved without the use of sensors, the performance of brushless DC motor can be greatly improved and its control cost can be reduced. So, someone put forward sensorless control method.
First of all, this paper discusses the background and current situation of the development of brushless DC motor sensorless control strategy, and introduces several main sensorless control methods and analyzes their technical advantages and disadvantages as well as the application occasions.
Secondly, the mathematical model of brushless DC motor is described in detail, and three kinds of commonly used mathematical models of the motor under the coordinate system are introduced. Combined with vector control and space vector pulse-width modulation technology, the block diagram of brushless DC motor vector control based on rotor magnetic field orientation is given, which lays a foundation for the next step of sensorless motor control.
Then, the sensorless control algorithm for different speed range is studied.
Finally, based on the above analysis and research, the method and content proposed in this paper are simulated and verified by MATLAB/Simulink experimental simulation platform. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm mentioned above.
Study the overall structure and classification of brushless DC motor in depth, and take sensorless control of brushless DC motor as the research object. In the sensorless control for brushless dc motor working principle and the mathematical model of each part, on the basis of in-depth study, in the MATLAB/SIMULINK to the transmission principle and mathematical model of different parts of in-depth research, establish brushless dc motor speed control system dynamic model, the simulation results verify, you can compare all kinds of strategy and plan, Optimize and determine related parameters. Finally, the analysis methods of brushless DC motor system without sensor are compared and analyzed in detail to provide reliable basis for scientific decision making.
This design through model building, simulation verification, in learning to master the working characteristics of brushless DC motor at the same time, reference to the simulation results, for further design and development of new products to lay a solid foundation.
Key words: Vector control, position sensorless control, mathematical modeling, brushless DC motor
目录
摘 要............................................................................................ 2
第一章 绪论........................................................................................ 6
1.1概述......................................................................................... 6
1.2 无传感器控制技术的现状.................................................. 7
1.3 仿真工具MATLAB/Simulink简介.................................... 9
1.4 课题的研究内容及章节安排............................................ 11
第二章 无刷直流电机控制系统工作原理...................................... 12
2.1 直流无刷电机的数学模型.................................................. 12
2.2 直流无刷电机在两相坐标系上的数学模型...................... 15
第三章 无传感器控制原理.............................................................. 17
3.1 反电动势原理...................................................................... 17
3.2 反电动势的过零检测.......................................................... 18
3.2.1 过零点对换相的作用................................................ 19
3.2.2 反电动势过零检测的方法介绍................................ 20
第四章 直流无刷电机无传感器控制系统仿真.............................. 21
4.1 直流无刷电机无传感器控制调速系统仿真及分析....... 21
4.2 仿真输出波形及分析....................................................... 22
4.3 本章小结............................................................................ 25
第五章 ............................................
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