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有效的括号
思路: 我们可以使用一个栈来解决这个问题, 我们用栈来存储左括号,当遇见右括号就取出栈顶元素出来比较,如果符合就继续匹配,否则就返回false, 或者最后栈还要数据,或者栈没有数据但还要右括号都是不匹配成功的
typedef char TackDataType;
typedef struct Stack
{
TackDataType * a;
int top; //栈顶元素
int capacity;
}Stack;
//初始化
void TackInit(Stack *pst)
{
assert(pst);
pst->a = NULL;
pst->top = -1;
pst->capacity = 0;
}
// 入栈
void TackPush(Stack *pst, TackDataType elemest)
{
assert(pst);
//判断是否满了
if ((pst->top) +1 == pst->capacity)
{
pst->capacity = (pst->capacity == 0? 4 : pst->capacity * 2);
TackDataType* tmp = (TackDataType*)realloc(pst->a,sizeof(Stack) * pst->capacity);
if (tmp == NULL)
{
perror("realloc");
return;
}
pst->a = tmp;
}
pst->a[++(pst->top)] = elemest;
}
//出栈
void TackPop(Stack *pst)
{
assert(pst);
if(pst->top != -1)
pst->top--;
}
//长度
int TackSize(Stack *pst)
{
assert(pst);
return (pst->top) + 1;
}
//是否为空
bool TackEmpty(Stack *pst)
{
assert(pst);
return pst->top == -1;
}
//栈顶元素
TackDataType TackTop(Stack *pst)
{
assert(pst);
return pst->a[pst->top];
}
//释放
void TackDestroy(Stack *pst)
{
free(pst->a);
pst->a = NULL;
pst->top = -1;
pst ->capacity = 0;
}
bool isValid(char* s)
{
Stack pst;
//初始化
TackInit(&pst);
while(*s)
{
if(*s == '{' || *s == '[' || *s == '(')
{
//入栈
TackPush(&pst, *s);
}
else
{
//是否为空
if (TackEmpty(&pst))
{
TackDestroy(&pst);
return false;
}
//栈顶元素
if ((*s == '}' && TackTop(&pst) == '{')
|| (*s == ']' && TackTop(&pst) == '[')
||(*s == ')' && TackTop(&pst) == '('))
{
//出栈
TackPop(&pst);
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
s++;
}
//是否为空
if (!TackEmpty(&pst))
{
TackDestroy(&pst);
return false;
}
TackDestroy(&pst);
return true;
}
这道题主要的就是在删除和插入数据中要下点功夫,
插入: 我们只需往不为空的队列插入,因为这样必定有一个队列为空,如果刚开始两个队列都为空,我们只需随意插入一个队列就行
删除: 我们删除栈的栈顶元素,是直接删除最新插入的元素,而队列的特点就是先进先出,我们可以借助空队列把非空队列的最后一个元素保留下来,然后把多余的元素插入到空队列中,需要注意的是,插入的最后一个元素的下一个next一定要修改为NULL,不然在释放会有野指针,然后保留的最后一个元素再free掉,
剩下的就是释放空间:
我们要先释放掉链表的空间,然后再释放两个队列的空间,
删除:
typedef int QDataType;
//链表节点
typedef struct QNode
{
QDataType val;
struct QNode *next;
}QNode;
//队列结构
typedef struct Queue
{
QNode* head;
QNode* tail; //队尾
int size;
}Queue;
//创建两个队列
typedef struct
{
Queue stack1;
Queue stack2;
} MyStack;
MyStack* myStackCreate()
{
//创建两个队列
MyStack * Queuetack = (MyStack*)malloc(sizeof(MyStack));
//创建哨兵位
Queuetack->stack1.head = (QNode*)malloc(sizeof(QNode));
Queuetack->stack1.head->next = NULL;
Queuetack->stack1.size = 0;
Queuetack->stack1.tail = Queuetack->stack1.head;
//创建哨兵位
Queuetack->stack2.head = (QNode*)malloc(sizeof(QNode));
Queuetack->stack2.head->next = NULL;
Queuetack->stack2.size = 0;
Queuetack->stack2.tail = Queuetack->stack2.head;
return Queuetack;
}
void myStackPush(MyStack* obj, int x)
{
assert(obj);
if (obj->stack2.size)
{
//创建节点
QNode* newnode = (QNode*)malloc(sizeof(QNode));
newnode->val = x;
newnode->next = NULL;
//插入
obj->stack2.tail->next = newnode;
obj->stack2.tail = newnode;
obj->stack2.size++;
}
else
{
//创建节点
QNode* newnode = (QNode*)malloc(sizeof(QNode));
assert(newnode);
newnode->val = x;
newnode->next = NULL;
//插入
obj->stack1.tail->next = newnode;
obj->stack1.tail = newnode;
obj->stack1.size++;
}
}
int myStackPop(MyStack* obj)
{
if (!obj->stack2.size && !obj->stack1.size)
return 0;
if (obj->stack2.size)
{
while (obj->stack2.head->next != obj->stack2.tail)
{
QNode* node = obj->stack2.head->next;
obj->stack2.head->next = node->next;
obj->stack1.tail->next = node;
obj->stack1.tail = node;
obj->stack1.size++;
}
obj->stack1.tail->next = NULL;
int a = obj->stack2.tail->val;
free(obj->stack2.tail);
obj->stack2.tail = obj->stack2.head;
obj->stack2.head->next = NULL;
obj->stack2.size = 0;
return a;
}
else
{
while (obj->stack1.head->next != obj->stack1.tail)
{
QNode* node = obj->stack1.head->next;
obj->stack1.head->next = node->next;
obj->stack2.tail->next = node;
obj->stack2.tail = node;
obj->stack2.size++;
}
obj->stack2.tail->next = NULL;
int a = obj->stack1.tail->val;
free(obj->stack1.tail);
obj->stack1.tail = obj->stack1.head;
obj->stack1.head->next = NULL;
obj->stack1.size = 0;
return a;
}
}
int myStackTop(MyStack* obj)
{
if (!obj->stack2.size && !obj->stack1.size)
return 0;
if (!obj->stack2.size)
{
return obj->stack1.tail->val;
}
else
{
return obj->stack2.tail->val;
}
}
bool myStackEmpty(MyStack* obj)
{
return obj->stack2.size== 0 && obj->stack1.size ==0;
}
void myStackFree(MyStack* obj)
{
QNode *cur = obj->stack1.head->next;
while(cur)
{
QNode *cur1 = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = cur1;
}
free(obj->stack1.head);
obj->stack1.head = NULL;
obj->stack1.size = 0;
obj->stack1.tail = NULL;
cur = obj->stack2.head->next;
while(cur)
{
QNode *cur1 = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = cur1;
}
free(obj->stack2.head);
obj->stack2.head = NULL;
obj->stack2.size = 0;
obj->stack2.tail = NULL;
free(obj);
}
这道题的思路和上面的题目思路是相同的,我们借助两个栈来实现队列,
有点差别就是
删除:
删除我们不能从top那边开始拉数据,而是要从left开始,
我们还要注意的就是队列插入的时候一定判断 栈是否要扩大空间,
typedef int StackDAtaType;
typedef struct Stack
{
StackDAtaType *data;
int top;//栈顶元素下一个
int capacity;
}Stack;
typedef struct
{
Stack stack1;
Stack stack2;
} MyQueue;
MyQueue* myQueueCreate()
{
//初始化
MyQueue *queue = (MyQueue*)malloc(sizeof(MyQueue));
//第一个栈
queue->stack1.data = NULL;
queue->stack1.top = 0;//栈顶元素的下一个
queue->stack1.capacity = 0;
//第二个栈
queue->stack2.data = NULL;
queue->stack2.top = 0;
queue->stack2.capacity = 0;
return queue;
}
void myQueuePush(MyQueue* obj, int x)
{
if(obj->stack1.top)
{
//第一个栈插入
//判断是否满栈
if(obj->stack1.top == obj->stack1.capacity)
{
obj->stack1.capacity = (obj->stack1.capacity == 0 ? 4 : obj->stack1.capacity * 2);
StackDAtaType *tmp = (StackDAtaType*)realloc(obj->stack1.data, sizeof(StackDAtaType) * obj->stack1.capacity);
if (tmp == NULL)
{
perror("realloc");
return ;
}
obj->stack1.data = tmp;
}
obj->stack1.data[obj->stack1.top++] = x;
}
else
{
//第二个栈插入
//判断是否满栈
if(obj->stack2.top == obj->stack2.capacity)
{
obj->stack2.capacity = (obj->stack2.capacity == 0 ? 4 : obj->stack2.capacity * 2);
StackDAtaType *tmp = (StackDAtaType*)realloc(obj->stack2.data, sizeof(StackDAtaType) * obj->stack2.capacity);
if (tmp == NULL)
{
perror("realloc");
return ;
}
obj->stack2.data = tmp;
}
obj->stack2.data[obj->stack2.top++] = x;
}
}
int myQueuePop(MyQueue* obj)
{
if (!obj->stack2.top && !obj->stack1.top)
return 0;
//判断是否满栈
if (obj->stack1.top == obj->stack1.capacity)
{
obj->stack1.capacity = (obj->stack1.capacity == 0 ? 4 : obj->stack1.capacity * 2);
StackDAtaType* tmp = (StackDAtaType*)realloc(obj->stack1.data, sizeof(StackDAtaType) * obj->stack1.capacity);
if (tmp == NULL)
{
perror("realloc");
return 0;
}
obj->stack1.data = tmp;
}
//判断是否满栈
if (obj->stack2.top == obj->stack2.capacity)
{
obj->stack2.capacity = (obj->stack2.capacity == 0 ? 4 : obj->stack2.capacity * 2);
StackDAtaType* tmp = (StackDAtaType*)realloc(obj->stack2.data, sizeof(StackDAtaType) * obj->stack2.capacity);
if (tmp == NULL)
{
perror("realloc");
return 0;
}
obj->stack2.data = tmp;
}
int a = 1;
if (obj->stack2.top)
{
//取出第二栈的元素 插入到第一栈
while (obj->stack2.top > a)
{
obj->stack1.data[obj->stack1.top] = obj->stack2.data[a++];
obj->stack1.top++;
}
obj->stack2.top = 0;
return obj->stack2.data[obj->stack2.top];
}
else
{
//取出第一栈的元素 插入到第二栈
while (obj->stack1.top > a)
{
obj->stack2.data[obj->stack2.top++] = obj->stack1.data[a++];
}
obj->stack1.top = 0;
return obj->stack1.data[obj->stack1.top];
}
}
int myQueuePeek(MyQueue* obj)
{
if(!obj->stack2.top && !obj->stack1.top)
return 0;
if(obj->stack2.top)
{
return obj->stack2.data[0];
}
else
{
return obj->stack1.data[0];
}
}
bool myQueueEmpty(MyQueue* obj)
{
return obj->stack1.top == 0 && obj->stack2.top == 0;
}
void myQueueFree(MyQueue* obj)
{
free(obj->stack1.data);
obj->stack1.data = NULL;
obj->stack1.top = 0;
obj->stack1.capacity = 0;
free(obj->stack2.data);
obj->stack2.data = NULL;
obj->stack2.top = 0;
obj->stack2.capacity = 0;
free(obj);
}
这些题目主要还是考察我们对队列和栈的熟悉程度