目录
Ansible roles 是为了层次化,结构化的组织Playbook
roles就是通过分别将变量、文件、任务、模块及处理器放置于单独的目录中,并可以便捷地include它们
roles一般用于基于主机构建服务的场景中,在企业复杂业务场景中应用的频率很高
以特定的层级目录结构进行组织的 tasks 、 variables 、 handlers 、 templates 、 files 等 ; 相当于函数的调用把各个功能切割成片段来执行。
- files //存放copy或script等模块调用的函数
- tasks //定义各种task,要有main.yml,其他文件include包含调用
- handlers //定义各种handlers,要有main.yml,其他文件include包含调用
- vars //定义variables,要有main.yml,其他文件include包含调用
- templates //存储由template模块调用的模板文本
- meta //定义当前角色的特殊设定及其依赖关系,要有main.yml的文件 defaults##要有main.yml的文件,用于设定默认变量
- tests //用于测试角色

- ansible-galaxy init httpd //创建目录结构
- ansible-galaxy list //显示当前 Ansible Galaxy 环境中安装的角色列表

- hosts: server2
- roles:
- - role: role1 //角色任务
- pre_tasks: //角色执行前执行的play
- - tasks1
- tasks: //普通任务
- - tasks2
- post_tasks: //在角色和普通任务执行完毕后执行的play
- - tasks3

Ansible Galaxy 是一个免费共享和下载 Ansible 角色的网站 , 可以帮助我们更好的定义和学习 rolesansible - galaxy 命令默认与 https :// galaxy.ansible.com 网站 API 通信 , 可以查找 、 下载各种社区开发的 Ansible 角色在 galaxy.ansible.com 网站查询 roles
- install https://galaxy.ansible.com roles
- ansible-galaxy install geerlingguy.nginx
- install local roles
- vim install_apache_role.yml
- ---
- - src: file:///mnt/apache.tar.gz
- name: apache
- ansible-galaxy install -r install_apache_role.yml
下载安装apache,根据变量更改配置文件,并在访问login.westos.org时需要用户认证
ansible-galaxy init httpd //创建目录结构
生成认证文件
htpasswd -cm htpasswd admin

tasks主任务
- [devops@ansible1 .ansible]$ cat roles/httpd/tasks/main.yml
- ---
- # tasks file for httpd
- - name: install httpd
- yum:
- name: httpd
-
- - name: create vhosts configure
- template:
- src: vhosts.conf.j2
- dest: /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.conf
- notify: restarted httpd
-
- - name: create auth file
- copy:
- src: htpasswd
- dest: /etc/httpd/htpasswd
-
- - name: start service
- service:
- name: httpd
- state: restarted
- enabled: yes

vars变量模块
- [devops@ansible1 .ansible]$ cat roles/httpd/vars/main.yml
- ---
- # vars file for httpd
- WEBS:
- - docroot: /var/www/html
- index: www.westos.org
-
- - docroot: /var/www/virtual/westos.org/bbs/html
- name: bbs.westos.org
- index: bbs.westos.org
-
- - docroot: /var/www/virtual/westos.org/login/html
- name: login.westos.org
- index: login.westos.org

templates模块
- [devops@ansible1 .ansible]$ cat roles/httpd/templates/vhosts.conf.j2
- {% for web in WEBS %}
- {% if web.name is not defined %}
- <VirtualHost _default_:80>
- {% endif %}
- {% if web.name is defined %}
- <VirtualHost *:80>
- ServerName {{web.name}}
- {% endif %}
- DocumentRoot {{web.docroot}}
- </VirtualHost>
- {% endfor %}
- <Directory /var/www/virtual/westos.org/login/html>
- AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/htpasswd
- AuthName "Please input username and password"
- AuthType basic
- Require valid-user
- </Directory>

触发器模块
- [devops@ansible1 .ansible]$ cat roles/httpd/handlers/main.yml
- ---
- # handlers file for httpd
- - name: restarted httpd
- service:
- name: httpd
- state: restarted
- enabled: no
- - name: firewalld
- firewalld:
- service: httpd
- state: enabled
- permanent: yes
- immediate: yes

启用模块
- [devops@ansible1 .ansible]$ cat httpd.yml
- - name: install httpd server
- hosts: all
- roles:
- - role: httpd
- pre_tasks:
- - name: show pre
- debug:
- msg: start
- post_tasks:
- - name: show post
- debug:
- msg: end

测试
