LVS(Linux Virtual Server)是一种基于 Linux 内核的负载均衡解决方案,它通过将网络流量分发到多个后端服务器来实现高可用性和性能扩展。Keepalived 是一个用于实现高可用性的工具,它结合了虚拟路由冗余协议(VRRP)和实时服务器状态监测机制,以确保在一个节点失效时,其它节点可以接管其工作。
LVS 和 Keepalived 的结合常被用于构建高可用性的负载均衡解决方案。下面是它们的一些关键特性和工作原理:
LVS:
Keepalived:
结合 LVS 和 Keepalived,可以建立一个具有高可用性的负载均衡集群。主要的工作流程如下:
这种架构可以确保在主服务器故障时仍然保持服务的连续性,并提供对外的高可用性。
基于keepalived(主从+双主) + LVS(DR模型) + DNS实现http高可用集群
keepalived高可用主机IP:172.21.5.22和172.21.5.21
http服务高可用主机IP:172.21.5.16和172.21.5.18
VIP采用172.16.32.5
各虚拟机及主机名和IP对应关系如下所示:
虚拟机 | 主机名 | IP地址 |
---|---|---|
HA1 | node1 | 172.21.5.22 |
HA2 | node2 | 172.21.5.21 |
HA3 | node3 | 172.21.5.16 |
HA4 | node4 | 172.21.5.18 |
接下来我们先去配置好http高可用服务两台主机,然后再回来配置keepalived。既然是LVS的DR模型,那我们先来配置另外两台主机,来实现http高可用集群。
首先,打开另外两外两台提供http服务的虚拟机,这里是HA3和HA4。为了方便你也可以改为RS1和RS2。
在DR模型中,只添加个http服务还不行,还有许多需要修改,貌似不是很简单,好吧,为了节约时间,这里我们通过一个脚本实现修改各个数据。
#!/bin/bash
#
# Script to start LVS DR real server.
# chkconfig: - 90 10
# description: LVS DR real server
#
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
VIP=172.16.32.5 # 定义VIP
host=$(/bin/hostname)
case "$1" in
start)
# Start LVS-DR real server on this machine.
/sbin/ifconfig lo down
/sbin/ifconfig lo up
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0
;;
stop)
# Stop LVS-DR real server loopback device(s).
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;
status)
# Status of LVS-DR real server.
islothere=$(/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 | grep $VIP)
isrothere=$(netstat -rn | grep "lo:0" | grep $VIP)
if [ ! "$islothere" -o ! "$isrothere" ]; then
# Either the route or the lo:0 device not found.
echo "LVS-DR real server Stopped."
else
echo "LVS-DR real server Running."
fi
;;
*)
# Invalid entry.
echo "$0: Usage: $0 {start|status|stop}"
exit 1
;;
esac
记得该脚本需要在另一个主机上也要执行一下。
两台主机上都执行过上边的脚本后,验证下各参数是否已经修改:下面几个命令均在node3主机上执行,可在node3上使用ssh node4 'COMMAND’来验证下node4上各参数是否已修改
[root@wh ~]# ifconfig #在node3上执行该命令,查看是否有VIP,使用ssh node4 'ifconfig'命令查看node4上是否也有VIP
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:7F:8F:44
inet addr:172.21.5.18Bcast:172.16.255.255Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:162748errors:0dropped:0overruns:0frame:0
TX packets:2368errors:0dropped:0overruns:0carrier:0
collisions:0txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:26502458(25.2MiB) TX bytes:200681(195.9KiB)
Interrupt:59Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436Metric:1
RX packets:10errors:0dropped:0overruns:0frame:0
TX packets:10errors:0dropped:0overruns:0carrier:0
collisions:0txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:666(666.0b) TX bytes:666(666.0b)
lo:0Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:172.16.32.5Mask:255.255.255.255
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436Metric:1
[root@wh ~]# route -n #查看是否有配置的VIP特定路由
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.16.32.50.0.0.0255.255.255.255UH 000lo
169.254.0.00.0.0.0255.255.0.0U 000eth0
172.16.0.00.0.0.0255.255.0.0U 000eth0
0.0.0.0172.16.0.10.0.0.0UG 000eth0
[root@wh ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
1
[root@wh ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
2
到此,我们的两台RealServer都以配置完毕,而且其http服务也已正常工作。
现在去编辑我们的keepalived的配置文件,并修改成我们所需要的。
#先在node1主机上进行修改:
[root@wh ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
}
vrrp_script chk_httpd {
script "killall -0 httpd"
interval 2
weight -2
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown {
script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
interval 2
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 132
priority 101
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass langdu
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.32.5/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0
}
track_script {
chk_httpd
chk_schedown
}
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}
virtual_server 172.16.32.5 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.0.0
protocol TCP
real_server 172.21.5.16 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 2
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 2
}
}
real_server 172.21.5.18 80 {
weight 2
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 2
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
下面这个脚本时实现健康检查用的。即上边用到的notify.sh脚本
#!/bin/bash
# Author: onlyyou
# description: 一个通知脚本示例
ifalias=${2:-eth0:0}
interface=$(echo $ifalias | awk -F: '{print $1}')
vip=$(ip addr show $interface | grep $ifalias | awk '{print $2}')
contact='root@localhost'
workspace=$(dirname $0)
notify() {
subject="$vip 地址切换为 $1"
body="$vip 地址切换为 $1 $(date '+%F %H:%M:%S')"
echo $body | mail -s "$1 过渡" $contact # 实现发送邮件
}
case "$1" in
master)
notify master
exit 0
;;
backup)
notify backup
/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart
exit 0
;;
fault)
notify fault
exit 0
;;
*)
echo "用法: $(basename $0) {master|backup|fault}"
exit 1
;;
esac
scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf node2:/etc/keepalived/
# 将配置文件发给另一个keepalived主机,这里发给node2,假如你的主机不是node2,请做相应修改
# 在node2主机上,修改刚传过来的keepalived的配置文件。这里只需修改两项即可:
state BACKUP #设置该node2主机为backup路由
priority 100 #设定node2主机的优先级为100,低于node1
# 在node2主机上,我们只需修改上述两项即可。
修改完成后保存退出
现在我们去安装ipvsadm软件包,然后再启动keepalived服务
ssh node2 'yum -y install ipvsadm' #通过node1主机在node2上安装ipvsadm软件包
yum -y install ipvsadm #在node1上安装软件包
安装完毕后启动我们的keepalived服务。
service keepalived start #启动node1上的keepalived服务
ssh node2 'service keepalived start' #在node1上启动node2的keepalived服务
查看下ipvs规则
ipvsadm -l -n #使用该命令,查看是否有ipvs规则,显示如下:
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1(size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.16.32.5:80rr
-> 172.21.5.18:80Route 100
-> 172.21.5.16:80Route 100
ifconfig #查看下node1上的IP配置情况
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:9F:2F:AF
inet addr:172.21.5.22Bcast:172.16.255.255Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:290653errors:1dropped:0overruns:0frame:0
TX packets:13874errors:0dropped:0overruns:0carrier:0
collisions:0txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:46393162(44.2MiB) TX bytes:2014631(1.9MiB)
Interrupt:59Base address:0x2000
eth0:0Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:9F:2F:AF
inet addr:172.16.32.5Bcast:0.0.0.0Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500Metric:1
Interrupt:59Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436Metric:1
RX packets:10errors:0dropped:0overruns:0frame:0
TX packets:10errors:0dropped:0overruns:0carrier:0
collisions:0txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:666(666.0b) TX bytes:666(666.0b)
配置的VIP也已生效,我们的ipvs规则已经实现。现在在我们的物理机上访问下172.16.32.5,看一下,是否可以访问,显示什么信息吧。
到目前为止,貌似我们还没有实现IP地址漂移。我们只需在master路由主机上,在相应目录下创建一个down文件即可实现手动漂移IP地址。
cd /etc/keepalived/#进入该目录
touch down #创建该文件,用来实现手动漂移IP地址
tail /var/log/messages #停几秒钟后,查看日志
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for172.16.32.5
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[2815]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.32.5added
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.32.5added
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert #收到更高优先级的通告信息
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE #进入backup状态
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs. #转移VIP地址
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[2815]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.32.5removed
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.32.5removed
ifconfig #使用该命令,查看下node1主机的VIP是否存在,可看到已转移到其他主机
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:9F:2F:AF
inet addr:172.21.5.22Bcast:172.16.255.255Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500Metric:1
RX packets:347881errors:1dropped:0overruns:0frame:0
TX packets:21333errors:0dropped:0overruns:0carrier:0
collisions:0txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:50760780(48.4MiB) TX bytes:2653767(2.5MiB)
Interrupt:59Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436Metric:1
RX packets:10errors:0dropped:0overruns:0frame:0
TX packets:10errors:0dropped:0overruns:0carrier:0
collisions:0txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:666(666.0b) TX bytes:666(666.0b)
> 在node2主机上查看其日志。
```bash
tail /var/log/messages #查看node2的日志信息
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2464]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2464]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election
May 1619:15:33node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2464]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
May 1619:15:34node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2464]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE #进入master状态
May 1619:15:34node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2464]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. #设定VIP
May 1619:15:34node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[2463]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.32.5added
May 1619:15:34node1 avahi-daemon[3375]: Registering new address record for172.16.32.5on eth0.
May 1619:15:34node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2464]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for172.16.32.5
May 1619:15:34node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2464]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.32.5added
May 1619:15:39node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2464]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for172.16.32.5
在在我们的物理机访问下,看能否访问。依然在浏览器地址栏输入172.16.32.5,可以看到,访问正常。
现在,我们删掉/etc/keepalived/down这个文件,看能否实现IP漂移回来。
rm -f /etc/keepalived/down #删除node1主机上该文件
tail /var/log/messages #查看日志信息
May 1619:15:32node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.32.5removed
May 1619:27:54node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Script(chk_schedown) succeeded
May 1619:27:55node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election
May 1619:27:55node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election
May 1619:27:56node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
May 1619:27:57node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE #进入master状态
May 1619:27:57node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
May 1619:27:57node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for172.16.32.5
May 1619:27:57node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[2815]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.32.5added
May 1619:27:57node1 Keepalived_vrrp[2816]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.32.5added
至此,我们已成功实现了keepalived的相关功能。以上演示的仅仅是主从模式下地址漂移。那我们能否实现在双主模式下实现地址漂移呢?答案是肯定的。