• OpenGL_Learn07（变换）

    1.  向量

    向量有一个方向和一个大小。如果一个向量有2个维度，它表示一个平面的方向(想象一下2D的图像)，当它有3个维度的时候它可以表达一个3D世界的方向。

    可以把这些2D向量当做z坐标为0的3D向量。

    2. 向量内积和外积

    向量的点乘（内积）：简单来说就是可以判断向量方向的相似性

    向量外积：简单来说就是可以得到其法向量

    3. 向量的加减和长度

    向量的加法可以被定义为是分量的(Component-wise)相加，即将一个向量中的每一个分量加上另一个向量的对应分量。

    v = (4, 2)和k = (1, 2)相加得到（4+1，2+2）

    向量的减法等于加上第二个向量的相反向量。两个向量的相减会得到这两个向量指向位置的差。

    我们使用勾股定理(Pythagoras Theorem)来获取向量的长度(Length)/大小(Magnitude)。如果你把向量的x与y分量画出来，该向量会和x与y分量为边形成一个三角形。

    4. 旋转

    5. 代码实现旋转和缩放

    texture.vs

    1. #version 330 core
    2. layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
    3. layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTexCorrd;
    4.  
    5. out vec2 TexCoord;
    6.  
    7. uniform mat4 transform;
    8. void main()
    9. {
    10.     gl_Position = transform * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
    11.     TexCoord=vec2(aTexCorrd.x,1.0-aTexCorrd.y);
    12. }

    texture.fs

    1. #version 330 core
    2. out vec4 FragColor;
    3.  
    4. in vec3 ourColor;
    5. in vec2 TexCoord;
    6.  
    7. uniform float mixValue;
    8.  
    9. //texture sampler
    10. uniform sampler2D textureone;
    11. uniform sampler2D texturetwo;
    12.  
    13. void main()
    14. {
    15.     FragColor = mix(texture(textureone,TexCoord),texture(texturetwo,TexCoord),mixValue);
    16. }

    shader.h

    1. #pragma once
    2.  
    3. #include 
    4. #include 
    5. #include 
    6. #include 
    7. #include 
    8.  
    9.  
    10. class Shader {
    11. public:
    12. 	//程序ID
    13. 	unsigned int ID;
    14. 	
    15. 	//构造器读取并构建着色器
    16. 	Shader(const char* vertexPath, const char* fagmentPath) {
    17. 		std::string vertexCode;
    18. 		std::string fragmentCode;
    19. 		std::ifstream vShaderFile;
    20. 		std::ifstream fShaderFile;
    21.  
    22. 		vShaderFile.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
    23. 		fShaderFile.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
    24.  
    25. 		try {
    26. 			vShaderFile.open(vertexPath);
    27. 			fShaderFile.open(fagmentPath);
    28. 			std::stringstream vShaderStream, fShaderStream;
    29. 			vShaderStream << vShaderFile.rdbuf();
    30. 			fShaderStream << fShaderFile.rdbuf();
    31. 			vShaderFile.close();
    32. 			fShaderFile.close();
    33. 			vertexCode = vShaderStream.str();
    34. 			fragmentCode = fShaderStream.str();
    35. 		}
    36. 		catch (std::ifstream::failure& e) {
    37. 			std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FILE_NOT_SUCCESSFULLY_READ: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    38. 		}
    39. 		const char* vShaderCode = vertexCode.c_str();
    40. 		const char* fShaderCode = fragmentCode.c_str();
    41.  
    42. 		//2.complie shaders
    43. 		unsigned int vertex, fragment;
    44. 		//vertex shader
    45. 		vertex = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    46. 		glShaderSource(vertex, 1, &vShaderCode, NULL);
    47. 		glCompileShader(vertex);
    48. 		checkCompileErros(vertex, "VERTEX");
    49. 		//fragment Shader
    50. 		fragment = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    51. 		glShaderSource(fragment, 1, &fShaderCode, NULL);
    52. 		glCompileShader(fragment);
    53. 		checkCompileErros(fragment, "FRAGMENT");
    54. 		//shader Program
    55. 		ID = glCreateProgram();
    56. 		glAttachShader(ID, vertex);
    57. 		glAttachShader(ID, fragment);
    58. 		glLinkProgram(ID);
    59. 		checkCompileErros(ID, "PROGAM");
    60.  
    61. 		glDeleteShader(vertex);
    62. 		glDeleteShader(fragment);
    63.  
    64.  
    65. 	}
    66. 	//使用/激活程序
    67. 	void use() {
    68. 		glUseProgram(ID);
    69. 	}
    70. 	//uniform工具函数
    71. 	void setBool(const std::string& name, bool value) const {
    72. 		glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), (int)value);
    73. 	}
    74. 	void setInt(const std::string& name, int value) const {
    75. 		glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value);
    76. 	}
    77. 	void setFloat(const std::string& name, float value) const {
    78. 		glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value);
    79. 	}
    80.  
    81.  
    82. private:
    83. 	void checkCompileErros(unsigned int shader, std::string type) {
    84. 		int success;
    85. 		char infoLog[1024];
    86. 		if (type != "PROGRAM") {
    87. 			glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    88. 			if (!success) {
    89. 				glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
    90. 				std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER_COMPILATION_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- --------------------------------------------------- -- " << std::endl;
    91. 			}
    92. 		}
    93. 		else
    94. 		{
    95. 			glGetProgramiv(shader, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    96. 			if (!success)
    97. 			{
    98. 				glGetProgramInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
    99. 				std::cout << "ERROR::PROGRAM_LINKING_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- --------------------------------------------------- -- " << std::endl;
    100. 			}
    101. 		}
    102. 	}
    103. };

    main.cpp

    下载glm

    Tags · g-truc/glm (github.com)

    1. #include 
    2. #include 
    3.  
    4. #include 
    5. #include "stb_image.h"
    6. #include 
    7. #include "shader.h"
    8.  
    9. #include 
    10. #include 
    11. #include 
    12. void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
    13. void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
    14.  
    15. // settings
    16. const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
    17. const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
    18.  
    19. float mixValue = 0.2f;
    20.  
    21. int main() {
    22.  
    23. 	//1.初始化配置
    24. 	glfwInit();
    25. 	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    26. 	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    27. 	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    28.  
    29. #ifdef __APPLE__
    30. 	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GLFW_TRUE);
    31. #endif // __APPLE__
    32.  
    33. 	//2.gltf 窗口创建
    34. 	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LeranOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
    35. 	if (window == NULL) {
    36. 		std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
    37. 		glfwTerminate();
    38. 		return -1;
    39. 	}
    40.  
    41. 	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    42. 	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    43.  
    44. 	//3. 加载所有GL函数指针
    45. 	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
    46. 		std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
    47. 		return -1;
    48. 	}
    49.  
    50. 	Shader ourShader("./texture.vs", "./texture.fs");
    51.  
    52. 	//4. 设置顶点数据
    53. 	float vertices[] = {
    54. 		// positions          // colors           // texture coords
    55. 		 0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top right
    56. 		 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom right
    57. 		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom left
    58. 		-0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f  // top left 
    59. 	};
    60.  
    61. 	unsigned int indices[] = {
    62. 	0, 1, 3, // first triangle
    63. 	1, 2, 3  // second triangle
    64. 	};
    65.  
    66. 	unsigned int VBO, VAO, EBO;
    67. 	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    68. 	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    69. 	glGenBuffers(1,&EBO);//元素缓冲对象：Element Buffer Object，EBO 
    70.  
    71. 	glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    72. 	
    73. 	//复制顶点数组到缓冲区中供opengl使用
    74. 	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    75. 	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    76.  
    77. 	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
    78. 	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    79.  
    80.  
    81. 	//设置顶点属性指针
    82. 	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    83. 	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    84. 	//设置纹理属性指针
    85. 	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    86. 	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    87.  
    88. 	//加载和创建纹理
    89. 	unsigned int textureone,texturetwo;
    90. 	glGenTextures(1, &textureone);
    91. 	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureone);
    92. 	//设置纹理环绕参数
    93. 	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    94. 	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    95. 	//设置纹理过滤参数
    96. 	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    97. 	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    98.  
    99. 	//加载图像和生成mipmaps
    100. 	int width, height, nrChannels;
    101. 	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);
    102. 	std::string filePath = R"(D:\CPlusProject\LearnOpenGL\DataSet\container.jpg)";
    103. 	unsigned char* data = stbi_load(filePath.c_str(), &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
    104.  
    105. 	if (data) {
    106. 		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
    107. 		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    108. 	}
    109. 	else {
    110. 		std::cout << "Failed to load texture" << std::endl;
    111. 	}
    112.  
    113. 	stbi_image_free(data);
    114.  
    115.  
    116. 	glGenTextures(1, &texturetwo);
    117. 	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texturetwo);
    118. 	//设置纹理环绕参数
    119. 	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    120. 	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    121. 	//设置纹理过滤参数
    122. 	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    123. 	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    124.  
    125. 	//加载图像和生成mipmaps
    126. 	filePath = R"(D:\CPlusProject\LearnOpenGL\DataSet\awesomeface.png)";
    127. 	unsigned char* data2 = stbi_load(filePath.c_str(), &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
    128.  
    129. 	if (data2) {
    130. 		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data2);
    131. 		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    132. 	}
    133. 	else {
    134. 		std::cout << "Failed to load texture" << std::endl;
    135. 	}
    136.  
    137. 	stbi_image_free(data2);
    138.  
    139.  
    140. 	
    141. 	ourShader.use();
    142. 	glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ourShader.ID, "textureone"), 0);//二选一
    143. 	ourShader.setInt("texturetwo", 1);//二选一
    144.  
    145.  
    146. 	//glm::vec4 vec(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    147. 	 译注：下面就是矩阵初始化的一个例子，如果使用的是0.9.9及以上版本
    148. 	//glm::mat4 trans = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    149. 	//trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
    150. 	//vec = trans * vec;
    151. 	//std::cout << vec.x << vec.y << vec.z << std::endl;
    152.  
    153. 	glm::mat4 trans = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    154. 	trans = glm::rotate(trans, glm::radians(90.f), glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
    155. 	trans = glm::scale(trans, glm::vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5));
    156. 	unsigned int transformLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ourShader.ID, "transform");
    157. 	glUniformMatrix4fv(transformLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(trans));
    158.  
    159. 	//5. 循环渲染
    160. 	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
    161. 		processInput(window);
    162.  
    163. 		// render
    164. 		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    165. 		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    166. 		//绑定纹理
    167. 		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    168. 		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureone);
    169. 		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    170. 		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texturetwo);
    171.  
    172.  
    173. 		ourShader.setFloat("mixValue", mixValue);
    174.  
    175.  
    176. 		ourShader.use();
    177. 		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    178. 		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,6,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,0);
    179.  
    180. 		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    181. 		glfwPollEvents();
    182.  
    183. 	}
    184.  
    185. 	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    186. 	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
    187. 	glDeleteBuffers(1, &EBO);
    188.  
    189. 	glfwTerminate();
    190. 	return 0;
    191.  
    192. }
    193.  
    194. // process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
    195. // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    196. void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
    197. {
    198. 	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
    199. 		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    200.  
    201. 	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_UP) == GLFW_PRESS) {
    202. 		std::cout << "up" << std::endl;
    203. 		mixValue += 0.001f;
    204. 		if (mixValue >= 1.0f) {
    205. 			mixValue = 1.0f;
    206. 		}
    207. 	}
    208.  
    209. 	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_DOWN) == GLFW_PRESS)
    210. 	{
    211. 		std::cout << "down" << std::endl;
    212. 		mixValue -= 0.001f; // change this value accordingly (might be too slow or too fast based on system hardware)
    213. 		if (mixValue <= 0.0f)
    214. 			mixValue = 0.0f;
    215. 	}
    216. 	std::cout << "mixValue:" << mixValue <
    217. }
    218.  
    219. // glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
    220. // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    221. void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
    222. {
    223. 	// make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and 
    224. 	// height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
    225. 	glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
    226. }

    6. 持续旋转

    要让箱子随着时间推移旋转，我们必须在游戏循环中更新变换矩阵。也就是在while结构体中。

    在这里我们先把箱子围绕原点(0, 0, 0)旋转，之后，我们把旋转过后的箱子位移到屏幕的右下角。

    1. 	//5. 循环渲染
    2. 	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
    3. 		processInput(window);
    4.  
    5. 		// render
    6. 		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    7. 		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    8. 		//绑定纹理
    9. 		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    10. 		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureone);
    11. 		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    12. 		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texturetwo);
    13.  
    14.  
    15. 		ourShader.setFloat("mixValue", mixValue);
    16.  
    17. 		glm::mat4 trans = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    18. 		trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
    19. 		trans = glm::rotate(trans, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
    20. 		unsigned int transformLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ourShader.ID, "transform");
    21. 		glUniformMatrix4fv(transformLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(trans));
    22.  
    23.  
    24. 		ourShader.use();
    25. 		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    26. 		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,6,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,0);
    27.  
    28. 		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    29. 		glfwPollEvents();
    30.  
    31. 	}

    7. 先平移后旋转And先旋转后平移

    上面的例子是先平移后旋转，下面的代码是先旋转后平移

    1. 	//5. 循环渲染
    2. 	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
    3. 		processInput(window);
    4.  
    5. 		// render
    6. 		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    7. 		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    8. 		//绑定纹理
    9. 		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    10. 		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureone);
    11. 		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    12. 		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texturetwo);
    13.  
    14.  
    15. 		ourShader.setFloat("mixValue", mixValue);
    16.  
    17. 		
    18. 		glm::mat4 trans = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    19. 		//先平移后旋转
    20. 		//trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
    21. 		//trans = glm::rotate(trans, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
    22.  
    23. 		//先旋转后平移
    24. 		trans = glm::rotate(trans, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
    25. 		trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
    26. 		unsigned int transformLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ourShader.ID, "transform");
    27. 		glUniformMatrix4fv(transformLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(trans));
    28.  
    29.  
    30. 		ourShader.use();
    31. 		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    32. 		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,6,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,0);
    33.  
    34. 		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    35. 		glfwPollEvents();
    36.  
    37. 	}

    8. 绘制两个三角形，不同的显示方式

    尝试再次调用glDrawElements画出第二个箱子，只使用变换将其摆放在不同的位置。让这个箱子被摆放在窗口的左上角，并且会不断的缩放（而不是旋转）。（sin函数在这里会很有用，不过注意使用sin函数时应用负值会导致物体被翻转）。

    1. 	//5. 循环渲染
    2. 	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
    3. 		processInput(window);
    4.  
    5. 		// render
    6. 		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    7. 		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    8. 		//绑定纹理
    9. 		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    10. 		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureone);
    11. 		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    12. 		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texturetwo);
    13.  
    14.  
    15. 		ourShader.setFloat("mixValue", mixValue);
    16.  
    17. 		
    18. 		glm::mat4 trans = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    19. 		//先平移后旋转
    20. 		//trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
    21. 		//trans = glm::rotate(trans, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
    22.  
    23. 		//先旋转后平移
    24. 		trans = glm::rotate(trans, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
    25. 		trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
    26. 		unsigned int transformLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ourShader.ID, "transform");
    27. 		glUniformMatrix4fv(transformLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(trans));
    28.  
    29.  
    30. 		ourShader.use();
    31. 		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    32. 		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,6,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,0);
    33.  
    34.  
    35. 		//second transformation
    36. 		trans = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    37. 		trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f));
    38. 		float scaleAmount = static_cast<float>(sin(glfwGetTime()));
    39. 		trans = glm::scale(trans, glm::vec3(scaleAmount, scaleAmount, scaleAmount));
    40. 		glUniformMatrix4fv(transformLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, &trans[0][0]);// this time take the matrix value array's first element as its memory pointer value
    41. 		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
    42.  
    43.  
    44. 		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    45. 		glfwPollEvents();
    46.  
    47. 	}

    向量点乘与叉乘的概念及几何意义 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)

    变换 - LearnOpenGL CN (learnopengl-cn.github.io)

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_59068750/article/details/134235558