在《小王的披萨店》这篇文章中,我们介绍了小王开披萨店的故事,并且为了解决多种口味披萨的扩展问题,引出了简单工厂和工厂方法模式。但是,故事仍在继续,如果芝加哥的披萨店和纽约的披萨店,要求往披萨上面加的配料都不一样,那么如何可以规范多种类型披萨的创建呢?如下图所示:
【Dough】生面团
【Sauce】调味汁
【Cheese】干酪、奶酪
【Clams】蛤蜊
那么为了解决类似的问题,就可以采用我们今天要介绍的模式——抽象工厂模式。它解决了的是同一类型下多个产品族的创建。通过抽象工厂,组合了多种类型产品的创建(类似产品线)。
抽象工厂模式(Abstract Factory Pattern
)
提供一个接口,用于创建相关或依赖对象的家族,而不需要明确指定具体类。
对于抽象工厂,将一系列产品(配料类型,比如:Dough
、Sauce
、Cheese
、Clams
)统一到一起去创建(即:PizzaIngredientFactory的实现类:NYPizzaingredientFactory
和ChicagoPizzaingredientFactory
)。PizzaIngredientFactory中的createDough()
、createSauce()
等方法,不关心底层配料如何实现,它只关系产品类型,不在意创建细节。具体类图,如下所示:
奶酪原料及实现类:Cheese.java
、MozzarellaCheese.java
、ReggianoCheese.java
- /** 奶酪接口 **/
- public interface Cheese {
- void description();
- }
-
- /** 莫泽雷勒干酪 **/
- public class MozzarellaCheese implements Cheese {
- public void description() {
- System.out.println("MozzarellaCheese");
- }
- }
-
- /** 帕尔玛奶酪 **/
- public class ReggianoCheese implements Cheese {
- public void description() {
- System.out.println("ReggianoCheese");
- }
- }
蛤蜊原料及实现类:Clams.java
、FreshClams.java
、FrozenClams.java
- /** 蛤蜊接口 **/
- public interface Clams {
- void description();
- }
-
- /** 新鲜蛤蜊 **/
- public class FreshClams implements Clams{
- public void description() {
- System.out.println("FreshClams");
- }
- }
-
- /** 冷冻蛤蜊 **/
- public class FrozenClams implements Clams{
- public void description() {
- System.out.println("FrozenClams");
- }
- }
生面团原料及实现类:Dough.java
、ThickCrustDough.java
、ThinCrustDough.java
- /** 生面团接口 **/
- public interface Dough {
- void description();
- }
-
- /** 厚的面包皮生面团 **/
- public class ThickCrustDough implements Dough {
- public void description() {
- System.out.println("ThickCrustDough");
- }
- }
-
- /** 薄的面包皮生面团 **/
- public class ThinCrustDough implements Dough {
- public void description() {
- System.out.println("ThinCrustDough");
- }
- }
调味汁原料及实现类:Sauce.java
、MarinaraSauce.java
、PlumTomatoSauce.java
- /** 调味汁接口 **/
- public interface Sauce {
- void description();
- }
-
- /** 番茄酱调味汁 **/
- public class MarinaraSauce implements Sauce {
- public void description() {
- System.out.println("MarinaraSauce");
- }
- }
-
- /** 梅子西红柿调味汁 **/
- public class PlumTomatoSauce implements Sauce {
- public void description() {
- System.out.println("PlumTomatoSauce");
- }
- }
披萨原料抽象工厂及实现类:PizzaIngredientFactory.java
、NYPizzaingredientFactory.java
、ChicagoPizzaingredientFactory.java
- /** 披萨原料抽象工厂 **/
- public interface PizzaIngredientFactory {
- Dough createDough();
- Sauce createSauce();
- Cheese createCheese();
- Clams createClams();
- }
-
- /** 芝加哥原料工厂 **/
- public class ChicagoPizzaingredientFactory implements PizzaIngredientFactory {
- public Dough createDough() {
- return new ThinCrustDough(); // 薄的面包皮生面团
- }
- public Sauce createSauce() {
- return new MarinaraSauce(); // 番茄酱调味汁
- }
- public Cheese createCheese() {
- return new ReggianoCheese(); // 帕尔玛奶酪
- }
- public Clams createClams() {
- return new FreshClams(); // 新鲜蛤蜊
- }
- }
-
- /** 纽约原料工厂 **/
- public class NYPizzaingredientFactory implements PizzaIngredientFactory {
- public Dough createDough() {
- return new ThickCrustDough(); // 厚的面包皮生面团
- }
- public Sauce createSauce() {
- return new PlumTomatoSauce(); // 梅子西红柿调味汁
- }
- public Cheese createCheese() {
- return new MozzarellaCheese(); // 莫泽雷勒干酪
- }
- public Clams createClams() {
- return new FrozenClams(); // 冷冻蛤蜊
- }
- }
创建Pizza及实现类:Pizza.java
- /** 披萨抽象类 **/
- public abstract class Pizza {
- protected String name;
- protected Dough dough; // 面团
- protected Sauce sauce; // 酱
- protected Cheese cheese; // 干酪
- protected Clams clams; // 蛤蜊
- protected PizzaIngredientFactory pizzaIngredientFactory;
-
- /** 准备原材料 */
- public abstract void prepare();
-
- public void bake() {
- System.out.println("pizzaIngredientFactory bake()");
- }
-
- public void cut() {
- System.out.println("pizzaIngredientFactory cut()");
- }
-
- public void box() {
- System.out.println("pizzaIngredientFactory box()");
- }
- }
奶酪口味披萨:CheesePizza.java
- /** 奶酪口味披萨 **/
- public class CheesePizza extends Pizza {
-
- public CheesePizza(PizzaIngredientFactory pizzaIngredientFactory) {
- this.pizzaIngredientFactory = pizzaIngredientFactory;
- }
-
- public void prepare() {
- System.out.println("CheesePizza prepare()");
- dough = pizzaIngredientFactory.createDough();
- sauce = pizzaIngredientFactory.createSauce();
- cheese = pizzaIngredientFactory.createCheese();
- }
- }
蛤蜊口味披萨:ClamPizza.java
- /** 蛤蜊口味披萨 **/
- public class ClamPizza extends Pizza {
-
- public ClamPizza(PizzaIngredientFactory pizzaIngredientFactory) {
- this.pizzaIngredientFactory = pizzaIngredientFactory;
- }
-
- public void prepare() {
- System.out.println("ClamPizza prepare()");
- dough = pizzaIngredientFactory.createDough();
- sauce = pizzaIngredientFactory.createSauce();
- cheese = pizzaIngredientFactory.createCheese();
- // 加入蛤蜊配料
- clams = pizzaIngredientFactory.createClams();
- }
- }
意大利辣肉肠口味披萨:PepperoniPizza.java
- /**意大利辣肉肠口味披萨 **/
- public class PepperoniPizza extends Pizza {
-
- public PepperoniPizza(PizzaIngredientFactory pizzaIngredientFactory) {
- this.pizzaIngredientFactory = pizzaIngredientFactory;
- }
-
- public void prepare() {
- System.out.println("PepperoniPizza prepare()");
- dough = pizzaIngredientFactory.createDough();
- sauce = pizzaIngredientFactory.createSauce();
- cheese = pizzaIngredientFactory.createCheese();
- // 加入蛤蜊配料
- clams = pizzaIngredientFactory.createClams();
- }
- }
蔬菜口味披萨:VeggiePizza.java
- /** 蔬菜口味披萨 **/
- public class VeggiePizza extends Pizza {
-
- public VeggiePizza(PizzaIngredientFactory pizzaIngredientFactory) {
- this.pizzaIngredientFactory = pizzaIngredientFactory;
- }
-
- public void prepare() {
- System.out.println("VeggiePizza prepare()");
- dough = pizzaIngredientFactory.createDough();
- sauce = pizzaIngredientFactory.createSauce();
- cheese = pizzaIngredientFactory.createCheese();
- }
- }
披萨工厂及实现类:PizzaStoreV3.java
、NYPizzaStore.java
- public abstract class PizzaStoreV3 {
- protected abstract Pizza createPizza(String pizzaType);
-
- public Pizza orderPizza(String pizzaType) {
- Pizza pizza = createPizza(pizzaType);
- pizza.prepare();
- pizza.bake();
- pizza.cut();
- pizza.box();
- return pizza;
- }
- }
-
- public class NYPizzaStore extends PizzaStoreV3 {
- protected Pizza createPizza(String pizzaType) {
- Pizza pizza = null;
- PizzaIngredientFactory pizzaIngredientFactory = new NYPizzaingredientFactory();
- if (pizzaType.equals("cheese")) {
- pizza = new CheesePizza(pizzaIngredientFactory);
- } else if (pizzaType.equals("pepperoni")) {
- pizza = new PepperoniPizza(pizzaIngredientFactory);
- } else if (pizzaType.equals("clam")) {
- pizza = new ClamPizza(pizzaIngredientFactory);
- } else if (pizzaType.equals("veggie")) {
- pizza = new VeggiePizza(pizzaIngredientFactory);
- }
- return pizza;
- }
- }
抽象工厂测试类:PizzaStoreTest.java
- public class PizzaStoreTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- PizzaStoreV3 pizzaStore = new NYPizzaStore();
- pizzaStore.orderPizza("cheese");
- }
- }
抽象工厂的方法经常以工厂方法的方式实现。也就是说,工厂方法经常会潜伏在抽象工厂里面。
工厂方法的特点:
【1】采用继承的方法实现。
【2】通过抽象方法,来通过子类实现该方法,生成对象。
抽象工厂的特点:
【1】采用组合的方法实现。
【2】通过提供接口,来创建一组产品的接口。这个接口内的每个方法都负责创建一个具体产品。
今天的文章内容就这些了:
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