1.模板
(1)简介
int main() {
return 0;
}
(2)函数模板
template<typename T>
void mySwap(T &a,T &b){
T temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
}
template<typename T>
void func(){
cout<<"fun 调用"<<endl;
}
void test01(){
int a=10;
int b=20;
mySwap(a,b);
mySwap<int>(a,b);
cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;
cout<<"b="<<b<<endl;
}
int main() {
test01();
func<int>();
return 0;
}
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(3)函数模板案例
template<class T>
void mySort(T arr[],int len){
for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
int max=i;
for(int j=i+1;j<len;j++){
if(arr[max]<arr[j]){
max=j;
}
}
if(max!=i){
T temp=arr[max];
arr[max]=arr[i];
arr[i]=temp;
}
}
}
template<typename T>
void sayArray(T arr[],int len) {
cout << "数组元素为:" << sizeof(arr) <<endl;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
cout << arr[i] << endl;
}
}
void test01() {
char charArr[]="abcdef";
int num=sizeof (charArr)/ sizeof(char);
mySort(charArr,num);
sayArray(charArr,num);
}
int main() {
test01();
return 0;
}
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(4)普通模板和函数模板的调用规则
void myPrint(int a, int b) {
cout << "调用的普通函数" << endl;
}
template<typename T>
void myPrint(T a, T b) {
cout << "调用的模板" << endl;
}
template<typename T>
void myPrint(T a, T b, int) {
cout << "调用的模板" << endl;
}
int main() {
myPrint(1, 2);
myPrint<>(2, 2);
myPrint('1', 'a');
return 0;
}
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(5)模板的局限性
class Person {
public:
string name;
int age;
Person(string name, int age) {
this->name = name;
this->age = age;
}
bool operator==(Person &p) {
cout<<"operator== 函数被调用了"<<endl;
if (this->name == p.name && this->age == p.age) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
};
template<class T>
bool myCompare(T &a, T &b) {
if (a == b) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
void test01() {
int a = 20;
int b = 20;
bool ret = myCompare(a, b);
if (ret) {
cout << "a==b" << endl;
} else {
cout << "a!=b" << endl;
}
}
void test02() {
Person p1("张三", 10);
Person p2("李四", 10);
bool ret = myCompare(p1, p2);
cout << "p1==p2:" << ret << endl;
}
int main() {
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
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(7)类模板
(1)类模板开胃菜
template<class nameType, class ageType>
class Person {
public:
nameType name;
ageType age;
Person(nameType name, ageType age) {
this->name = name;
this->age = age;
}
void showPerson() {
cout << "name=" << this->name << ";age=" << age << endl;
}
};
void test01() {
Person<string, int> p1("孙大圣", 28);
p1.showPerson();
Person p2("孙大圣2", "282");
p2.showPerson();
}
int main() {
test01();
return 0;
}
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(2)类模板与函数模板的区别
template<class nameType, class ageType=string>
class Person {
public:
nameType name;
ageType age;
Person(nameType name, ageType age) {
this->name = name;
this->age = age;
}
void showPerson() {
cout << "name=" << this->name << ";age=" << age << endl;
}
};
void test01() {
Person p1("孙悟空", 1000);
}
void test02() {
Person p2("aaa", 123);
p2.showPerson();
Person p3("bbb", '234');
p3.showPerson();
}
int main() {
test02();
return 0;
}
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(3)类模板中成员函数创建时机
class Person1 {
public:
void showPerson1() {
cout << "Person1" << endl;
}
};
class Person2 {
public:
void showPerson2() {
cout << "Person2 show" << endl;
}
};
template<class T>
class myClass {
public:
T obj;
void func1() {
obj.showPerson1();
}
void func2() {
obj.showPerson2();
}
};
void test01() {
myClass<Person1> m;
m.func1();
myClass<Person2> m2;
m2.func2();
}
int main() {
test01();
return 0;
}
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(4)类模板对象做函数参数
*
* 类模板对象做函数参数
*
* 学习目标:类模板实例化出的对象,向函数传参的方式
*
* 三种方式:
* 1.指定传入的类型:直接显示对象的数据类型
* 2.参数模板化:将对象中的参数变为模板进行传递
* 3.整个类模板化:将这个对象类型 模板化进行传递
*
*/
template<class T1, class T2>
class Person {
public:
T1 name;
T2 age;
Person(T1 name, T2 age) {
this->name = name;
this->age = age;
}
void showPerson() {
cout << "name=" << name << ";age=" << age << endl;
}
};
void printPerson1(Person<string, int> &p) {
p.showPerson();
}
void test01() {
Person<string, int> p("孙悟空", 100);
printPerson1(p);
}
template<class T1, class T2>
void printPerson2(Person<T1, T2> &p) {
p.showPerson();
cout << "T1类型为:" << typeid(T1).name() << endl;
cout << "T2类型为:" << typeid(T1).name() << endl;
}
void test02() {
Person<string, int> p("猪八戒", 90);
printPerson2(p);
}
template<class T>
void printPerson3(T p) {
p.showPerson();
}
void test03() {
Person<string, int> p("唐山", 20);
printPerson3(p);
}
int main() {
cout << "test01()" << endl;
test01();
cout << "test02()" << endl;
test02();
cout << "test03()" << endl;
test03();
return 0;
}
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(5)类模板与继承
template<class T>
class Base {
T m;
};
class Son : public Base<int> {
};
void test01() {
Son son;
}
template<class T1, class T2>
class Son2 : public Base<T2> {
public:
T1 obj;
Son2() {
cout << "T1类型为:" << typeid(T1).name() << endl;
cout << "T2类型为:" << typeid(T2).name() << endl;
}
};
void test02() {
Son2<int, char> s2;
}
int main() {
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
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(6)类模板成员函数类外实现
template<class T1,class T2>
class Person{
public:
T1 name;
T2 age;
Person(T1 name,T2 age);
void showPerson();
};
template<class T1,class T2>
Person<T1,T2>::Person(T1 name,T2 age){
this->name=name;
this->age=age;
}
template<class T1,class T2>
void Person<T1,T2>::showPerson(){
cout<<"姓名:"<<name<<";年龄="<<age<<endl;
}
void test01(){
Person<string,int> p("AAA",18);
p.showPerson();
Person p2("AAA",18);
p2.showPerson();
}
int main() {
test01();
return 0;
}
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(7)类模板与友元
template<class T1, class T2>
class Person;
template<class T1, class T2>
void printPerson2(Person<T1, T2> p) {
cout << "类外实现:姓名:" << p.name << ";年龄:" << p.age << endl;
}
template<class T1, class T2>
class Person {
friend void printPerson(Person<T1, T2> p) {
cout << "姓名:" << p.name << ";年龄:" << p.age << endl;
}
friend void printPerson2();
public:
T1 name;
T2 age;
Person(T1 name, T2 age) {
this->name = name;
this->age = age;
}
};
void test01() {
Person p1("Tom", 18);
printPerson(p1);
}
void test02() {
Person p2("Dog", 22);
printPerson(p2);
}
int main() {
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
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(8)类模板案例
未学习
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