环境： Oracle 19c ADG（主库：单实例；备库：RAC）
1.主库新建测试文件
主库在AWR的PDB中做测试，为了不影响其他测试，创建一个新的测试表空间tbs_test及对应数据文件：SQL> conn awr@awr
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> create tablespace tbs_test datafile '/flash/oradata/DEMO/awr/tbs_test01.dbf' size 30m;
Tablespace created.
2.主库创建测试表
主库在新建表空间上创建测试表awr.test：SQL> create table awr.test tablespace tbs_test as select * from dba_users;
Table created.
SQL> select count(*) from awr.test;
COUNT(*)
----------
37
3.查询表对应数据文件信息
通过dbms_rowid查看awr.test表对应行数据的文件号（rel_fno）、块号（blockno,）和行号（rowno）:select rowid,
dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) rel_fno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) blockno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
from awr.test
order by rowid;
ROWID REL_FNO BLOCKNO ROWNO
------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAA 29 131 0
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAB 29 131 1
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAC 29 131 2
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAD 29 131 3
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAE 29 131 4
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAF 29 131 5
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAG 29 131 6
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAH 29 131 7
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAI 29 131 8
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAJ 29 131 9
AAATR2AAdAAAACDAAK 29 131 10
...
4.模拟数据文件物理坏块
使用dd模拟数据文件的物理坏块：dd if=/dev/zero of=/flash/oradata/DEMO/awr/tbs_test01.dbf bs=8192 conv=notrunc seek=131 count=1
5.查询对应测试表
再次查询被破坏数据文件上的表awr.test，发现客户端只是卡顿一下就正常出了结果，并没有任何显示的报错：ALTER SYSTEM Flush buffer_cache;
select count(*) from awr.test;
6.进一步查询日志信息
上面查询表没有报错，但是从主库的alert日志中可以看到：2023-04-03T12:08:02.602504+08:00
AWR(6):create tablespace tbs_test datafile '/flash/oradata/DEMO/awr/tbs_test01.dbf' size 30m
AWR(6):Completed: create tablespace tbs_test datafile '/flash/oradata/DEMO/awr/tbs_test01.dbf' size 30m
2023-04-03T12:15:21.021834+08:00
AWR(6):ALTER SYSTEM: Flushing buffer cache inst=0 container=6 global
AWR(6):TABLE AUDSYS.AUD$UNIFIED: ADDED INTERVAL PARTITION SYS_P368 (106) VALUES LESS THAN (TIMESTAMP' 2023-05-01 00:00:00')
2023-04-03T12:15:24.751443+08:00
AWR(6):Hex dump of (file 29, block 131) in trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/demo/demo/trace/demo_ora_11735.trc
AWR(6):
AWR(6):Corrupt block relative dba: 0x07400083 (file 29, block 131)
AWR(6):Completely zero block found during multiblock buffer read
AWR(6):
AWR(6):Reading datafile '/flash/oradata/DEMO/awr/tbs_test01.dbf' for corrupt data at rdba: 0x07400083 (file 29, block 131)
AWR(6):Reread (file 29, block 131) found same corrupt data (no logical check)
AWR(6):Starting background process ABMR
2023-04-03T12:15:24.763408+08:00
Corrupt Block Found
TIME STAMP (GMT) = 04/03/2023 12:15:24
CONT = 6, TSN = 5, TSNAME = TBS_TEST
RFN = 29, BLK = 131, RDBA = 121634947
OBJN = 78966, OBJD = 78966, OBJECT = TEST, SUBOBJECT =
SEGMENT OWNER = AWR, SEGMENT TYPE = Table Segment
2023-04-03T12:15:24.766521+08:00
ABMR started with pid=132, OS id=11983
2023-04-03T12:15:24.767751+08:00
Automatic block media recovery service is active.
2023-04-03T12:15:24.767981+08:00
AWR(6):Automatic block media recovery requested for (file# 29, block# 131)
2023-04-03T12:15:27.096763+08:00
Automatic block media recovery successful for (file# 29, block# 131)
2023-04-03T12:15:27.097189+08:00
AWR(6):Automatic block media recovery successful for (file# 29, block# 131)
日志中显示自动启用了ABMR（Automatic block media recovery）成功修复了物理坏块。
7.确认当前参数设置
如果查询 db_block_checking 、 db_lost_write_protect 这些参数，会发现我这里并没有去特殊设置：SQL> show parameter db_block
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_block_buffers integer 0
db_block_checking string FALSE
db_block_checksum string TYPICAL
db_block_size integer 8192
SQL> show parameter db_lost
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_lost_write_protect string NONE
SQL>
那么那些参数的意义呢？其实MOS文档：
- Best Practices for Corruption Detection, Prevention, and Automatic Repair - in a Data Guard Configuration (Doc ID 1302539.1)
文档中有说明，物理坏块默认ADG就能检测，逻辑坏块要配合这些参数设置。包括上一步的日志信息中，在发现数据损坏时，也标注了(no logical check)非逻辑检查的提示。
当然，如果您想要获得更全面的保护，还是要按文档说明，额外设置这些参数。