Centos7离线安装Mysql8（rpm安装）

1. 下载：

        官网下载： MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server

2. 解压

将下载好的tar文件放到centos中，目录文件夹名称自定义，解压后得到：

[root@localhost mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 
mysql-community-client-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

这里我们只需要client和server，其他不需要安装

将centos7会自带的mariadb删除

rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs

3. 安装

按照以下顺序执行：

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
 
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
 
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
 
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps

这里需要注意的是，如果不加 --force --nodeps 可能会报错，这是由于yum安装了旧版本的GPG keys造成的。

        依赖检测失败： mariadb-libs 被 mysql-community-libs-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64 取代...

安装完后默认目录为：/var/lib/mysql  ，需要设置权限

chmod -R 777 /var/lib/mysql

初始化mysql

mysqld --initialize

 获取默认密码

cat /var/log/mysqld.log

[root@localhost lib]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log 
2022-12-03T17:30:00.122696Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.26) initializing of server in progress as process 6579
2022-12-03T17:30:00.265192Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-12-03T17:30:03.100689Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-12-03T17:30:08.936428Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-12-03T17:30:08.947078Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-12-03T17:30:09.044202Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: BrFwhHdcN0)p

日志最后的 BrFwhHdcN0)p 为默认密码。

如果没启动mysql服务，则启动一下

[root@localhost lib]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@localhost lib]# service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2022-12-04 01:40:35 CST; 17s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 18920 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 19362 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
    Tasks: 38
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─19362 /usr/sbin/mysqld
 
12月 04 01:40:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
12月 04 01:40:35 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

重新设置密码：

进入msql命令编辑器， 密码为刚才日志里的密码：BrFwhHdcN0)p

[root@localhost lib]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 

这里需要注意：新的密码一定要符合mysql8的规范，不然更新不了，或者是更新了后面有问题！ 

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Mhf1997=qfl';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

设置Navicat远程连接：

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
mysql> 

修改 root 的 host 为 % 

mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

 执行俩次：GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
ERROR 1410 (42000): You are not allowed to create a user with GRANT
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

设置一下立即生效：

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

重启mysql服务

service mysqld restart

这样就可以使用navicat远程连接了！

补充知识： 

linux操作mysql基本命令

service mysqld status        #查看mysql状态
service mysqld stop          #关闭
service mysqld start         #启动
service mysqld restart       #重启

使用rpm安装mysql的默认目录：
数据库目录             /var/lib/mysql/
配置文件                 /usr/share/mysql(mysql.server命令及配置文件)
相关命令                 /usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)
启动脚本                 /etc/rc.d/init.d/(启动脚本文件mysql的目录)