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如此简单的K8S,来玩下pv和pvc，利用nfs来实现持久化存储(内网环境，非常详细)
如此简单的K8S,来玩下pv和pvc，利用nfs来实现持久化存储(内网环境，非常详细)
k8s很简单，怎么个简单法呢，来给小编一起再来复习一边吧。今天主要来了解下pv和pvc的概念，小编也是当过多次的面试官，小编悄悄的告诉你这个pv和pvc的区别也是小编经常面试的时候提问的哈，多么巧妙的问题，有没有接触过k8s，一问也就露馅了，好了，下面开始进入正题
当然为了更加友好的区分pv和pvc，咱们借助一下最简单的nfs存储，不要问小编为什么要用nfs而不用其他的呢，主要是因为“懒”，懒可以产生一切。
稿件非常不易，一直写到了半夜3点，还请大家多多支持，谢谢
主机名 系统版本 作用 ip 备注 localhost centos7.5 捞取nfs得rpm包和pull镜像打包镜像的机器 192.168.3.129 确保可以联网，捞取下来rpm包后，上传到内网得Nfs服务器上面进行rpm安装，确保和nfs系统版本是一致得哈 nfs-a centos7.5 nfs服务器 10.245.4.5 专门用来存储代码等数据的存储服务器 k8s-master1 centos7.5 k8s-master1 10.245.4.1 k8s的master节点 k8s-node1 centos7.5 k8s-node1 10.245.4.3 k8s的node节点1 k8s-node2 centos7.5 k8s-node2 10.245.4.4 k8s的node节点2 小编本稿件所涉及的文件资料下载地址
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1z--LApr2kMbGVBnN28YnNg 提取码：72uk --来自百度网盘超级会员V4的分享- 1
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- pv 持久化存储，对存储的资源对外提供一个可以调用的地方或者方法
- pvc:从字面上来看就很容易明白，就是pv的client端，只需要关系调用pvc，具体怎么实现的我不关心，
- 简单的理解就是：pv可以理解成是一个生产者，pvc可以理解为消费者
- 先简单理解下吧，跟着小编做到最后就明白了
实现流程：
搭建部署nfs服务器
nfs不陌生了吧，可以想象一下，专门有台nfs服务器，来存放代码数据，然后创建的每一个pod都挂载到这个nfs上面，无论pod是怎么变，变化后pod也会自动的连接到咱的这个Nfs上面来，是不是也是一种持久性存储了呢，当然除了nfs存储之外还有好多的fs存储的，这里小编也就简单的用nfs来进行演示了
安装部署nfs-server服务器
如果是生产环境的话，都是内网环境，可是不是直接使用yum安装的，可以找一台自己的虚拟机，部署一个和自己生产环境一样的虚机，利用yum只下载不安装的方法，把所需要的rpm拿到手，然后可以拷贝到内网环境中，利用rpm或者yum localinstall来进行安装，如果大家有什么不懂得可以看下我的另一个博客，网址在下面
yum不安装只下载rpm包（含centos6,centos7)利用yum将rpm下载下来
首先我们找一台可以上网得服务器，可以是自己得vmware虚拟机哈，因为咱们也不敢啥，就是yum下载一个包而已
WARNING! The remote SSH server rejected X11 forwarding request. Last login: Fri Dec 2 10:03:26 2022 [root@localhost ~]# ip a 1: lo:- 1
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创建下载目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /nfs [root@localhost ~]# ll /nfs total 0- 1
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安装yum下载插件
[root@localhost ~]# yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly ###少写了一个-y得参数，-y就是一路确认得意思，下面就不用使用y来进行确认了 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 249 kB 00:00:01 (3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:06 (4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 18 MB 00:00:10 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-158.el7.centos will be updated ---> Package yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-168.el7.centos will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================================================== Updating: yum noarch 3.4.3-168.el7.centos base 1.2 M Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================== Upgrade 1 Package Total download size: 1.2 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY.0 B/s | 634 kB --:--:-- ETA Public key for yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm is not installed yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00:00 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5: Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key)- 1
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进行rpm包得下载
[root@localhost ~]# yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/nfs nfs-utils -y ###进行只下载rpm不安装 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libtirpc >= 0.2.4-0.7 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: gssproxy >= 0.7.0-3 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: rpcbind for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: quota for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libnfsidmap for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libevent for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: keyutils for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libtirpc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libnfsidmap.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libevent-2.0.so.5()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package gssproxy.x86_64 0:0.7.0-30.el7_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libini_config >= 1.3.1-31 for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libverto-module-base for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libref_array.so.1(REF_ARRAY_0.1.1)(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libini_config.so.3(INI_CONFIG_1.2.0)(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libini_config.so.3(INI_CONFIG_1.1.0)(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libref_array.so.1()(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libini_config.so.3()(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcollection.so.2()(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libbasicobjects.so.0()(64bit) for package: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64 ---> Package keyutils.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package libevent.x86_64 0:2.0.21-4.el7 will be installed ---> Package libnfsidmap.x86_64 0:0.25-19.el7 will be installed ---> Package libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.4-0.16.el7 will be installed ---> Package quota.x86_64 1:4.01-19.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: quota-nls = 1:4.01-19.el7 for package: 1:quota-4.01-19.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: tcp_wrappers for package: 1:quota-4.01-19.el7.x86_64 ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package libbasicobjects.x86_64 0:0.1.1-32.el7 will be installed ---> Package libcollection.x86_64 0:0.7.0-32.el7 will be installed ---> Package libini_config.x86_64 0:1.3.1-32.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libpath_utils.so.1(PATH_UTILS_0.2.1)(64bit) for package: libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpath_utils.so.1()(64bit) for package: libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7.x86_64 ---> Package libref_array.x86_64 0:0.1.5-32.el7 will be installed ---> Package libverto-libevent.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 will be installed ---> Package quota-nls.noarch 1:4.01-19.el7 will be installed ---> Package tcp_wrappers.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package libpath_utils.x86_64 0:0.2.1-32.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 updates 413 k Installing for dependencies: gssproxy x86_64 0.7.0-30.el7_9 updates 111 k keyutils x86_64 1.5.8-3.el7 base 54 k libbasicobjects x86_64 0.1.1-32.el7 base 26 k libcollection x86_64 0.7.0-32.el7 base 42 k libevent x86_64 2.0.21-4.el7 base 214 k libini_config x86_64 1.3.1-32.el7 base 64 k libnfsidmap x86_64 0.25-19.el7 base 50 k libpath_utils x86_64 0.2.1-32.el7 base 28 k libref_array x86_64 0.1.5-32.el7 base 27 k libtirpc x86_64 0.2.4-0.16.el7 base 89 k libverto-libevent x86_64 0.2.5-4.el7 base 8.9 k quota x86_64 1:4.01-19.el7 base 179 k quota-nls noarch 1:4.01-19.el7 base 90 k rpcbind x86_64 0.2.0-49.el7 base 60 k tcp_wrappers x86_64 7.6-77.el7 base 78 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+15 Dependent packages) Total download size: 1.5 M Installed size: 4.3 M Background downloading packages, then exiting: (1/16): gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 111 kB 00:00:00 (2/16): keyutils-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 54 kB 00:00:00 (3/16): libnfsidmap-0.25-19.el7.x86_64.rpm | 50 kB 00:00:00 (4/16): libpath_utils-0.2.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm | 28 kB 00:00:00 (5/16): libref_array-0.1.5-32.el7.x86_64.rpm | 27 kB 00:00:00 (6/16): libtirpc-0.2.4-0.16.el7.x86_64.rpm | 89 kB 00:00:00 (7/16): libbasicobjects-0.1.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm | 26 kB 00:00:00 (8/16): libverto-libevent-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 8.9 kB 00:00:00 (9/16): libcollection-0.7.0-32.el7.x86_64.rpm | 42 kB 00:00:00 (10/16): libevent-2.0.21-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 214 kB 00:00:00 (11/16): quota-4.01-19.el7.x86_64.rpm | 179 kB 00:00:00 (12/16): quota-nls-4.01-19.el7.noarch.rpm | 90 kB 00:00:00 (13/16): tcp_wrappers-7.6-77.el7.x86_64.rpm | 78 kB 00:00:00 (14/16): libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm | 64 kB 00:00:00 (15/16): rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64.rpm | 60 kB 00:00:00 (16/16): nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm | 413 kB 00:00:00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 1.0 MB/s | 1.5 MB 00:00:01 exiting because "Download Only" specified [root@localhost ~]#- 1
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将下载好得Nfs打包
[root@localhost ~]# cd /nfs ##到刚才得目录里面，可以看到下载好得rpm包 [root@localhost nfs]# ls ##下面得就是安装nfs得时候需要得所有得rpm包 gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64.rpm libevent-2.0.21-4.el7.x86_64.rpm libref_array-0.1.5-32.el7.x86_64.rpm quota-4.01-19.el7.x86_64.rpm keyutils-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm libtirpc-0.2.4-0.16.el7.x86_64.rpm quota-nls-4.01-19.el7.noarch.rpm libbasicobjects-0.1.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm libnfsidmap-0.25-19.el7.x86_64.rpm libverto-libevent-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64.rpm libcollection-0.7.0-32.el7.x86_64.rpm libpath_utils-0.2.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm tcp_wrappers-7.6-77.el7.x86_64.rpm- 1
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导入内网环境进行安装
导出得办法非常多，大家可以自由发挥
导出成功后
导入内网环境
进行安装nfs-server服务
[root@nfs-a nfs]# rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:libtirpc-0.2.4-0.16.el7 ################################# [ 6%] 2:rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7 ################################# [ 13%] 3:libref_array-0.1.5-32.el7 ################################# [ 19%] 4:libevent-2.0.21-4.el7 ################################# [ 25%] 5:libcollection-0.7.0-32.el7 ################################# [ 31%] 6:libbasicobjects-0.1.1-32.el7 ################################# [ 38%] 7:libverto-libevent-0.2.5-4.el7 ################################# [ 44%] 8:tcp_wrappers-7.6-77.el7 ################################# [ 50%] 9:quota-nls-1:4.01-19.el7 ################################# [ 56%] 10:quota-1:4.01-19.el7 ################################# [ 63%] 11:libpath_utils-0.2.1-32.el7 ################################# [ 69%] 12:libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7 ################################# [ 75%] 13:gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9 ################################# [ 81%] 14:libnfsidmap-0.25-19.el7 ################################# [ 88%] 15:keyutils-1.5.8-3.el7 ################################# [ 94%] 16:nfs-utils-1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 ################################# [100%]- 1
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创建挂载目录
~··
[root@nfs-a nfs]# mkdir -p /data/nfs-a ###我们将用nfs-a这个目录来当作挂载目录
[root@nfs-a nfs]# ll /data/nfs-a/
total 0
···
设置挂载路径
[root@nfs-a nfs]# vi /etc/exports [root@nfs-a nfs]# cat /etc/exports /data/nfs-a *(rw,no_root_squash)- 1
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启动nfs
[root@nfs-a nfs]# systemctl start nfs [root@nfs-a nfs]# ps -ef | grep nfs root 1421 2 0 10:37 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd4_callbacks] root 1427 2 0 10:37 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 1428 2 0 10:37 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 1429 2 0 10:37 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 1430 2 0 10:37 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 1431 2 0 10:37 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 1432 2 0 10:37 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 1433 2 0 10:37 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 1434 2 0 10:37 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] root 1445 1140 0 10:37 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nfs- 1
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注意
因为咱们使用的是nfs服务，我们还需要部署一个client端，也就是说我们得每个node节点都将会是我们得nfs-client端，也就是说我们每个node得上面都是需要安装上面得操作步骤进行操作得
原因：因为pod会降落在每一个节点上面，特殊指定得除外得，也就是说有pod产生得节点并且还需要挂载nfs上得node节点上面，需要安装下，请知晓
nfs-server操作
[root@nfs-a nfs]# ls gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64.rpm libnfsidmap-0.25-19.el7.x86_64.rpm quota-4.01-19.el7.x86_64.rpm keyutils-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm libpath_utils-0.2.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm quota-nls-4.01-19.el7.noarch.rpm libbasicobjects-0.1.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm libref_array-0.1.5-32.el7.x86_64.rpm rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64.rpm libcollection-0.7.0-32.el7.x86_64.rpm libtirpc-0.2.4-0.16.el7.x86_64.rpm tcp_wrappers-7.6-77.el7.x86_64.rpm libevent-2.0.21-4.el7.x86_64.rpm libverto-libevent-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm [root@nfs-a nfs]# cd .. [root@nfs-a /]# ls bin boot data dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt nfs nfs.zip opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@nfs-a /]# scp -r nfs root@10.245.4.3:/ The authenticity of host '10.245.4.3 (10.245.4.3)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:y/V4bFrdzFrKs18Wix5RF8uFRnYKYlRZ0nIqvkU37ns. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:77:f4:d6:f5:09:47:b2:0f:fd:e7:33:36:9f:09:ca:20. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '10.245.4.3' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@10.245.4.3's password: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64.rpm 100% 111KB 1.0MB/s 00:00 keyutils-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 54KB 5.1MB/s 00:00 libnfsidmap-0.25-19.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 50KB 15.0MB/s 00:00 libpath_utils-0.2.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 28KB 13.0MB/s 00:00 libref_array-0.1.5-32.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 27KB 16.4MB/s 00:00 libtirpc-0.2.4-0.16.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 89KB 21.5MB/s 00:00 libbasicobjects-0.1.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 26KB 1.2MB/s 00:00 libverto-libevent-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 9108 5.9MB/s 00:00 libcollection-0.7.0-32.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 42KB 18.5MB/s 00:00 libevent-2.0.21-4.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 214KB 35.8MB/s 00:00 quota-4.01-19.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 179KB 35.6MB/s 00:00 quota-nls-4.01-19.el7.noarch.rpm 100% 90KB 24.5MB/s 00:00 tcp_wrappers-7.6-77.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 78KB 20.4MB/s 00:00 libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 64KB 26.1MB/s 00:00 rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 60KB 21.7MB/s 00:00 nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm 100% 413KB 37.5MB/s 00:00 [root@nfs-a /]# scp -r nfs root@10.245.4.4:/ The authenticity of host '10.245.4.4 (10.245.4.4)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:OXpfsq3hE07ex51FOrnJXjqirNMX18u8RCOcCAtuKvM. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:38:c8:af:90:4a:bf:61:c9:26:32:25:c3:bb:47:42:6e. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '10.245.4.4' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@10.245.4.4's password: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64.rpm 100% 111KB 4.8MB/s 00:00 keyutils-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 54KB 726.9KB/s 00:00 libnfsidmap-0.25-19.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 50KB 1.8MB/s 00:00 libpath_utils-0.2.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 28KB 1.1MB/s 00:00 libref_array-0.1.5-32.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 27KB 11.4MB/s 00:00 libtirpc-0.2.4-0.16.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 89KB 20.9MB/s 00:00 libbasicobjects-0.1.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 26KB 10.3MB/s 00:00 libverto-libevent-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 9108 5.9MB/s 00:00 libcollection-0.7.0-32.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 42KB 16.8MB/s 00:00 libevent-2.0.21-4.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 214KB 10.2MB/s 00:00 quota-4.01-19.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 179KB 22.3MB/s 00:00 quota-nls-4.01-19.el7.noarch.rpm 100% 90KB 25.8MB/s 00:00 tcp_wrappers-7.6-77.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 78KB 26.1MB/s 00:00 libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 64KB 22.2MB/s 00:00 rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 60KB 29.6MB/s 00:00 nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm 100% 413KB 44.1MB/s 00:00 [root@nfs-a /]#- 1
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各个node上面操作
以Node2为列子
[root@k8s-node2 /]# cd /nfs/ [root@k8s-node2 nfs]# ls gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64.rpm libnfsidmap-0.25-19.el7.x86_64.rpm quota-4.01-19.el7.x86_64.rpm keyutils-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm libpath_utils-0.2.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm quota-nls-4.01-19.el7.noarch.rpm libbasicobjects-0.1.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm libref_array-0.1.5-32.el7.x86_64.rpm rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64.rpm libcollection-0.7.0-32.el7.x86_64.rpm libtirpc-0.2.4-0.16.el7.x86_64.rpm tcp_wrappers-7.6-77.el7.x86_64.rpm libevent-2.0.21-4.el7.x86_64.rpm libverto-libevent-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7.x86_64.rpm nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm [root@k8s-node2 nfs]# rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force warning: gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:libtirpc-0.2.4-0.16.el7 ################################# [ 6%] 2:rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7 ################################# [ 13%] 3:libref_array-0.1.5-32.el7 ################################# [ 19%] 4:libevent-2.0.21-4.el7 ################################# [ 25%] 5:libcollection-0.7.0-32.el7 ################################# [ 31%] 6:libbasicobjects-0.1.1-32.el7 ################################# [ 38%] 7:libverto-libevent-0.2.5-4.el7 ################################# [ 44%] 8:tcp_wrappers-7.6-77.el7 ################################# [ 50%] 9:quota-nls-1:4.01-19.el7 ################################# [ 56%] 10:quota-1:4.01-19.el7 ################################# [ 63%] 11:libpath_utils-0.2.1-32.el7 ################################# [ 69%] 12:libini_config-1.3.1-32.el7 ################################# [ 75%] 13:gssproxy-0.7.0-30.el7_9 ################################# [ 81%] 14:libnfsidmap-0.25-19.el7 ################################# [ 88%] 15:keyutils-1.5.8-3.el7 ################################# [ 94%] 16:nfs-utils-1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 ################################# [100%]- 1
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部署完需要注意两点
1、部署完之后nfs，nfs-server上需要修改配置和启动nfs，nfs-client上面不需要启动
2、可以在各个Node上面手动尝试下挂载，确保可以挂载上nfs
3、挂载不上多半可能是网络问题，需要继续排查，比如防火墙是不是将nfs和Node节点隔离了如果不安装nfs-client的话，会出现以下错误，请知晓
---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal Scheduled 113s default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/nginx-dep1-548564f56f-86sgh to k8s-master1 Warning FailedMount 49s (x8 over 113s) kubelet MountVolume.SetUp failed for volume "wwwroot" : mount failed: exit status 32 Mounting command: mount Mounting arguments: -t nfs 10.245.4.5:/data/nfs-a /var/lib/kubelet/pods/59ff676c-8caf-435c-bb89-15e668434bbf/volumes/kubernetes.io~nfs/wwwroot Output: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on 10.245.4.5:/data/nfs-a, missing codepage or helper program, or other error (for several filesystems (e.g. nfs, cifs) you might need a /sbin/mount.helper program) In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so. - 1
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在k8s里面部署应用使用nfs来进行持久化网络存储
在k8s-master上面操作
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# mkdir yaml ##创建一个专门来放置yaml文件的目录 [root@k8s-master1 ~]# cd yaml/ [root@k8s-master1 yaml]# mkdir nfs-yaml ##专门用来放置nfs相关的yaml文件目录 [root@k8s-master1 yaml]# cd nfs-yaml/- 1
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编写nfs-yaml文件
[root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# vi nfs-nginx.yaml [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# cat nfs-nginx.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-dep1 spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx volumeMounts: - name: wwwroot mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html ports: - containerPort: 80 volumes: - name: wwwroot nfs: server: 10.245.4.5 path: /data/nfs-a- 1
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拉取nginx镜像
小编突然发现因为小编的这个是内网环境没有办法pull这个nginx镜像，那怎么办呢，当然这个不用着急，小编有的是办法，老规矩老套路，开始
利用刚才捞取rpm包的机器，我们捞取下nginx的镜像并放到各个节点上面去
因为捞取rpm包是一个外网的机器，我们可以捞取下面Nginx的镜像并打包上传到我们其他的机器上面，具体部署docker的步骤，小编不在演示了哈，大家可以参照下我的另一个博客，网址如下
kubernetes v1.20项目之二进制部署安装docker ce[root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg docker-19.03.9.tgz ##docker二进制包 [root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz ##解压 docker/ docker/docker-init docker/runc docker/docker docker/docker-proxy docker/containerd docker/ctr docker/dockerd docker/containerd-shim [root@localhost ~]# mv docker/* /usr/bin ###主要为了有dockler命令 [root@localhost ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF ##3创建systemctl启动管理文件 > [Unit] > Description=Docker Application Container Engine > Documentation=https://docs.docker.com > After=network-online.target firewalld.service > Wants=network-online.target > > [Service] > Type=notify > ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd > ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID > LimitNOFILE=infinity > LimitNPROC=infinity > LimitCORE=infinity > TimeoutStartSec=0 > Delegate=yes > KillMode=process > Restart=on-failure > StartLimitBurst=3 > StartLimitInterval=60s > > [Install] > WantedBy=multi-user.target > EOF [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/docker [root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF ####配置加速器 > { > "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] > } > EOF [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker ###启动 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status docker ###查看状态 ● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-12-02 11:25:26 EST; 5s ago Docs: https://docs.docker.com Main PID: 1279 (dockerd) Tasks: 17 Memory: 26.3M CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service ├─1279 /usr/bin/dockerd └─1285 containerd --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml --log-level info Dec 02 11:25:25 localhost dockerd[1279]: time="2022-12-02T11:25:25.857898899-05:00" level=info msg="scheme \"unix\" not registered, fallback to default sch...odule=grpc Dec 02 11:25:25 localhost dockerd[1279]: time="2022-12-02T11:25:25.857915848-05:00" level=info msg="ccResolverWrapper: sending update to cc: {[{unix:///var...odule=grpc Dec 02 11:25:25 localhost dockerd[1279]: time="2022-12-02T11:25:25.857929409-05:00" level=info msg="ClientConn switching balancer to \"pick_first\"" module=grpc Dec 02 11:25:25 localhost dockerd[1279]: time="2022-12-02T11:25:25.933897599-05:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start." Dec 02 11:25:26 localhost dockerd[1279]: time="2022-12-02T11:25:26.126566346-05:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address...P address" Dec 02 11:25:26 localhost dockerd[1279]: time="2022-12-02T11:25:26.237376041-05:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done." Dec 02 11:25:26 localhost dockerd[1279]: time="2022-12-02T11:25:26.324158398-05:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=9d988398e7 graphdriver(s)=overlay...on=19.03.9 Dec 02 11:25:26 localhost dockerd[1279]: time="2022-12-02T11:25:26.324278562-05:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization" Dec 02 11:25:26 localhost dockerd[1279]: time="2022-12-02T11:25:26.388081116-05:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock" Dec 02 11:25:26 localhost systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. [root@localhost ~]#- 1
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pull 下nginx的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images ###查看当前镜像，无Nginx REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE [root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx ###从镜像仓库拉取Nngix镜像 Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/nginx a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete 589b7251471a: Pull complete 186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31 Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest docker.io/library/nginx:latest [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 605c77e624dd 11 months ago 141MB ###有了Nginx镜像 [root@localhost ~]# docker save nginx > nginx.tar ###将镜像打包，然后到k8s的各个node节点上面进行load [root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg docker docker-19.03.9.tgz nginx.tar ###nginx.tar包就是我们打包好的镜像- 1
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各个Node上面操作
已node2为列，所有pod可以生成的no的节点上面都要load一下，谁都不知道pod会落到那个节点上面去，当然除了指定Node外哈[root@k8s-node2 ~]# cd docker [root@k8s-node2 docker]# ls nginx.tar [root@k8s-node2 docker]# docker load < nginx.tar 2edcec3590a4: Loading layer [==================================================>] 83.86MB/83.86MB e379e8aedd4d: Loading layer [==================================================>] 62MB/62MB b8d6e692a25e: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.072kB/3.072kB f1db227348d0: Loading layer [==================================================>] 4.096kB/4.096kB 32ce5f6a5106: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB d874fd2bc83b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 7.168kB/7.168kB Loaded image: nginx:latest [root@k8s-node2 docker]# docker images | grep nginx ###可以看到节点上面已经有了Nginx这个镜像了 nginx latest 605c77e624dd 11 months ago 141MB- 1
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部署pod应用
因为上面我们刚刚在本地创建了Images镜像，所以yaml文件里面我们需要指定让他从本地进行拉取镜像，所以需要修改下yaml文件
[root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# cd ~/yaml/nfs-yaml/ [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# ls nfs-nginx.yaml [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# cat nfs-nginx.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-dep1 spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent volumeMounts: - name: wwwroot mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html ports: - containerPort: 80 volumes: - name: wwwroot nfs: server: 10.245.4.5 path: /data/nfs-a- 1
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[root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# kubectl apply -f nfs-nginx.yaml deployment.apps/nginx-dep1 created [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-dep1-85b795ff5-njqf2 1/1 Running 0 7s ##如果长时间没有创建出来需要describe来进行查看具体问题出现在哪里- 1
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进入到pod 里面查看我们挂载的目录
[root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# kubectl exec -it nginx-dep1-85b795ff5-njqf2 bash ###进入pod里面 kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead. root@nginx-dep1-85b795ff5-njqf2:/# ls /usr/share/nginx/html ###可以看到当前目录为空，因为咱的nfs里面文件也是空的 root@nginx-dep1-85b795ff5-njqf2:/#- 1
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nfs里面创建index.html测试文件
nfs-server服务器上面操作
[root@nfs-a /]# cd /data/nfs-a/ [root@nfs-a nfs-a]# ls [root@nfs-a nfs-a]# echo "ni hao ya" > index.html [root@nfs-a nfs-a]# ls index.html- 1
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返回pod进行查看
master上操作
[root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-dep1-85b795ff5-njqf2 1/1 Running 0 7s [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# kubectl exec -it nginx-dep1-85b795ff5-njqf2 bash kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead. root@nginx-dep1-85b795ff5-njqf2:/# ls /usr/share/nginx/html root@nginx-dep1-85b795ff5-njqf2:/# ls /usr/share/nginx/html index.html root@nginx-dep1-85b795ff5-njqf2:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html ni hao ya- 1
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将端口暴露出去
[root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# kubectl expose deployment nginx-dep1 --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort service/nginx-dep1 exposed [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1443/TCP 3d13h nginx-dep1 NodePort 10.0.0.211 80:32142/TCP 14s - 1
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浏览器测试访问
可以看到我们基本上数据持久也就做好了，当然了有人会问那这个和pv和pvc有什么关系，当然是有关系的，大家不妨可以想想一下，如果把咱们的nfs的ip地址和挂载目录写在yaml文件里面，第一是不是很陋，第二也不安全呀，如果说yaml文件到不怀好意人的手里面，是不是对于我们的数据有很大的隐患
所以接下来我们将用pv和pvc组合来进行挂载，达到安全有效的数据持久创建pvc
编写pvc的yaml文件
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# mkdir ~/yaml/pvc [root@k8s-master1 ~]# cd yaml/pvc/ [root@k8s-master1 pvc]# vi pvc.yaml [root@k8s-master1 pvc]# cat pvc.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-dep1 spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent volumeMounts: - name: wwwroot mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html ports: - containerPort: 80 volumes: - name: wwwroot persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: my-pvc --- apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: my-pvc spec: accessModes: - ReadWriteMany resources: requests: storage: 5Gi [root@k8s-master1 pvc]# cd ../nfs-yaml/ [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# ls nfs-nginx.yaml [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# kubectl delete -f nfs-nginx.yaml ###删除我们上面创建的pod deployment.apps "nginx-dep1" deleted [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# [root@k8s-master1 nfs-yaml]# cd ../pvc/ [root@k8s-master1 pvc]# ls pvc.yaml- 1
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创建pvc应用
[root@k8s-master1 pvc]# kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml deployment.apps/nginx-dep1 created persistentvolumeclaim/my-pvc created [root@k8s-master1 pvc]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-dep1-7b8c77b66b-bt6dh 0/1 Pending 0 10s nginx-dep1-7b8c77b66b-g9c8h 0/1 Pending 0 10s nginx-dep1-7b8c77b66b-mnb5k 0/1 Pending 0 10s [root@k8s-master1 pvc]# kubectl describe pod nginx-dep1-7b8c77b66b-bt6dh ##查看为什么会pending Name: nginx-dep1-7b8c77b66b-bt6dh Namespace: default Priority: 0 Node:Labels: app=nginx pod-template-hash=7b8c77b66b Annotations: Status: Pending IP: IPs: Controlled By: ReplicaSet/nginx-dep1-7b8c77b66b Containers: nginx: Image: nginx Port: 80/TCP Host Port: 0/TCP Environment: Mounts: /usr/share/nginx/html from wwwroot (rw) /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-vcffm (ro) Conditions: Type Status PodScheduled False Volumes: wwwroot: Type: PersistentVolumeClaim (a reference to a PersistentVolumeClaim in the same namespace) ClaimName: my-pvc ReadOnly: false kube-api-access-vcffm: Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources) TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607 ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt ConfigMapOptional: DownwardAPI: true QoS Class: BestEffort Node-Selectors: Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s Events: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Warning FailedScheduling 34s default-scheduler 0/4 nodes are available: 4 pod has unbound immediate PersistentVolumeClaims. ### 这是因为还没找到pv，所以这里才会报这个警告,pod状态才会pending [root@k8s-master1 pvc]# - 1
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创建pv
编写pv的yaml文件
[root@k8s-master1 pvc]# mkdir ../pv [root@k8s-master1 pvc]# cd ../pv [root@k8s-master1 pv]# vi pv.yaml [root@k8s-master1 pv]# cat pv.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: my-pv spec: capacity: storage: 5Gi accessModes: - ReadWriteMany nfs: path: /data/nfs-a server: 10.245.4.5- 1
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创建Pv应用
[root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl apply -f pv.yaml persistentvolume/my-pv created [root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl get pv,pvc NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE persistentvolume/my-pv 5Gi RWX Retain Available 8s NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE persistentvolumeclaim/my-pvc Pending 5m32s ####pv还没创建好，需要等待一段时间 [root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl get pv,pvc NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE persistentvolume/my-pv 5Gi RWX Retain Available 15s ####pv还没创建好，需要等待一段时间 NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE persistentvolumeclaim/my-pvc Pending 5m39s ####pv还没创建好，需要等待一段时间 [root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl get pv,pvc NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE persistentvolume/my-pv 5Gi RWX Retain Bound default/my-pvc 17s ####已经绑定到了pvc NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE persistentvolumeclaim/my-pvc Bound my-pv 5Gi RWX 5m41s- 1
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再次查看我们的pod
[root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-dep1-7b8c77b66b-bt6dh 1/1 Running 0 8m20s nginx-dep1-7b8c77b66b-g9c8h 1/1 Running 0 8m20s nginx-dep1-7b8c77b66b-mnb5k 1/1 Running 0 8m20s- 1
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暴露端口进行测试
[root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl expose deployment nginx-dep1 --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort Error from server (AlreadyExists): services "nginx-dep1" already exists ###因为上一次的svc还存在，接下来我们删除之前的svc [root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1443/TCP 3d14h nginx-dep1 NodePort 10.0.0.211 80:32142/TCP 50m [root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl delete svc nginx-dep1 service "nginx-dep1" deleted [root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl expose deployment nginx-dep1 --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort ###重新进行暴露端口 service/nginx-dep1 exposed [root@k8s-master1 pv]# kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1 443/TCP 3d14h nginx-dep1 NodePort 10.0.0.50 80:30306/TCP 6s - 1
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结束语
努力是很痛苦的一件事情，但是很快乐，就像小编现在半夜3点了还在写稿，谢谢大家
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/guijianchouxyz/article/details/128155398
