在上节主要模块和基础实战中学习到了PyTorch在进行模型定义时所需要的必要知识。
1.1.1 Module 类 Module 类是 torch.nn 模块里提供的一个模型构造类 (nn.Module),是所有神经⽹网络模块的基类,我们可以继承它来定义我们想要的模型。
(1)各个部分的初始化(__init__);
(2)数据流向定义(forward)(正向传播)。
(1)对应模块:nn.Sequential()
(2)传入方式:
一系列子模块
- import torch.nn as nn
- net = nn.Sequential(
- nn.Linear(784, 256),
- nn.ReLU(),
- nn.Linear(256, 10),
- )
- print(net)
子模块的有序字典(OrderedDict)
- import collections
- import torch.nn as nn
- net2 = nn.Sequential(collections.OrderedDict([
- ('fc1', nn.Linear(784, 256)),
- ('relu1', nn.ReLU()),
- ('fc2', nn.Linear(256, 10))
- ]))
- print(net2)
(3)nn.Sequential()底层代码理解:
- class MySequential(nn.Module):
- from collections import OrderedDict
- # 初始化定义
- def __init__(self, *args):
- super(MySequential, self).__init__()
- # 如果传入的是一个OrderedDict
- if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], OrderedDict):
- for key, module in args[0].items():
- self.add_module(key, module)
- # add_module方法会将module添加进self._modules(一个OrderedDict)
- # 传入的是一些Module
- else:
- for idx, module in enumerate(args):
- self.add_module(str(idx), module)
- # 正向传播
- def forward(self, input):
- # self._modules返回一个 OrderedDict,保证会按照成员添加时的顺序遍历成
- for module in self._modules.values():
- input = module(input)
- return input
(4)优点:简单、易读,顺序已经定义好不需要再写forawrd
(5)缺点:丧失灵活性
(1)对应模块:nn.ModuleList()
(2)传入方式:ModuleList 接收一个子模块(或层,需属于nn.Module类)的列表作为输入,可以类似List那样进行append和extend操作。
(3)nn.ModuleList()底层代码理解:
- net = nn.ModuleList([nn.Linear(784, 256), nn.ReLU()])
- net.append(nn.Linear(256, 10)) # # 类似List的append操作
- print(net[-1]) # 类似List的索引访问
- print(net)
(4)在forward中调用方式(列表中定义的网络顺序并不是真实的顺序,需要在forward函数中进行指定):
- class model(nn.Module):
- def __init__(self, ...):
- super().__init__()
- self.modulelist = ...
- ...
-
- def forward(self, x):
- for layer in self.modulelist:
- x = layer(x)
- return x
(1)对应模块:nn.ModuleDict()
(2)传入方式:通过定义字典型的网络传入
(3)nn.ModuleDict()底层代码理解:
- net = nn.ModuleDict({
- 'linear': nn.Linear(784, 256),
- 'act': nn.ReLU(),
- })
- net['output'] = nn.Linear(256, 10) # 添加
- print(net['linear']) # 访问
- print(net.output)
- print(net)
(1)Sequential适用于快速验证结果
(2)ModuleList和ModuleDict在某个完全相同的层需要重复出现多次时,可以”一行顶多行“

每个子块内部的两次卷积
- class DoubleConv(nn.Module):
- """(convolution => [BN] => ReLU) * 2"""
-
- def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, mid_channels=None):
- super().__init__()
- if not mid_channels:
- mid_channels = out_channels
- self.double_conv = nn.Sequential(
- nn.Conv2d(in_channels, mid_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1, bias=False),
- nn.BatchNorm2d(mid_channels),
- nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
- nn.Conv2d(mid_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1, bias=False),
- nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels),
- nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
- )
-
- def forward(self, x):
- return self.double_conv(x)
左侧模型块之间的下采样连接
- class Down(nn.Module):
- """Downscaling with maxpool then double conv"""
-
- def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
- super().__init__()
- self.maxpool_conv = nn.Sequential(
- nn.MaxPool2d(2),
- DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels)
- )
-
- def forward(self, x):
- return self.maxpool_conv(x)
右侧模型块之间的上采样连接
- class Up(nn.Module):
- """Upscaling then double conv"""
-
- def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, bilinear=False):
- super().__init__()
-
- # if bilinear, use the normal convolutions to reduce the number of channels
- if bilinear:
- self.up = nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2, mode='bilinear', align_corners=True)
- self.conv = DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels, in_channels // 2)
- else:
- self.up = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, in_channels // 2, kernel_size=2, stride=2)
- self.conv = DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels)
-
- def forward(self, x1, x2):
- x1 = self.up(x1)
- # input is CHW
- diffY = x2.size()[2] - x1.size()[2]
- diffX = x2.size()[3] - x1.size()[3]
-
- x1 = F.pad(x1, [diffX // 2, diffX - diffX // 2,
- diffY // 2, diffY - diffY // 2])
- x = torch.cat([x2, x1], dim=1)
- return self.conv(x)
输出层的处理
- class OutConv(nn.Module):
- def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
- super(OutConv, self).__init__()
- self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1)
-
- def forward(self, x):
- return self.conv(x)
- class UNet(nn.Module):
- def __init__(self, n_channels, n_classes, bilinear=False):
- super(UNet, self).__init__()
- self.n_channels = n_channels
- self.n_classes = n_classes
- self.bilinear = bilinear
-
- self.inc = DoubleConv(n_channels, 64)
- self.down1 = Down(64, 128)
- self.down2 = Down(128, 256)
- self.down3 = Down(256, 512)
- factor = 2 if bilinear else 1
- self.down4 = Down(512, 1024 // factor)
- self.up1 = Up(1024, 512 // factor, bilinear)
- self.up2 = Up(512, 256 // factor, bilinear)
- self.up3 = Up(256, 128 // factor, bilinear)
- self.up4 = Up(128, 64, bilinear)
- self.outc = OutConv(64, n_classes)
-
- def forward(self, x):
- x1 = self.inc(x)
- x2 = self.down1(x1)
- x3 = self.down2(x2)
- x4 = self.down3(x3)
- x5 = self.down4(x4)
- x = self.up1(x5, x4)
- x = self.up2(x, x3)
- x = self.up3(x, x2)
- x = self.up4(x, x1)
- logits = self.outc(x)
- return logits
下面是以模型ResNet50为基础,进行模型的修改展示,这里先对该模型结构进行查看。
- import torchvision.models as models
- net = models.resnet50()
- print(net)
-
-
-
- ResNet(
- (conv1): Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3), bias=False)
- (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
- (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
- (maxpool): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
- (layer1): Sequential(
- (0): Bottleneck(
- (conv1): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
- (bn1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
- (conv2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
- (bn2): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
- (conv3): Conv2d(64, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
- (bn3): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
- (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
- (downsample): Sequential(
- (0): Conv2d(64, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
- (1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
- )
- )
- ..............
- (avgpool): AdaptiveAvgPool2d(output_size=(1, 1))
- (fc): Linear(in_features=2048, out_features=1000, bias=True)
- )
对模型的输出进行修改,将输出节点1000改为10,并添加多层网络层。
- from collections import OrderedDict
- classifier = nn.Sequential(OrderedDict([('fc1', nn.Linear(2048, 128)),
- ('relu1', nn.ReLU()),
- ('dropout1',nn.Dropout(0.5)),
- ('fc2', nn.Linear(128, 10)),
- ('output', nn.Softmax(dim=1))
- ]))
-
- net.fc = classifier
利用resnet50模型结构,在倒数第二层增加一个额外的输入变量add_variable来辅助预测。
- class Model(nn.Module):
- def __init__(self, net):
- super(Model, self).__init__()
- self.net = net
- self.relu = nn.ReLU()
- self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.5)
- self.fc_add = nn.Linear(1001, 10, bias=True)
- self.output = nn.Softmax(dim=1)
-
- def forward(self, x, add_variable):
- x = self.net(x)
- x = torch.cat((self.dropout(self.relu(x)), add_variable.unsqueeze(1)),1)
- x = self.fc_add(x)
- x = self.output(x)
- return x
-
- import torchvision.models as models
- net = models.resnet50()
- model = Model(net).cuda()
- outputs = model(inputs, add_var)
输出1000维的倒数第二层和10维的最后一层结果
- class Model(nn.Module):
- def __init__(self, net):
- super(Model, self).__init__()
- self.net = net
- self.relu = nn.ReLU()
- self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.5)
- self.fc1 = nn.Linear(1000, 10, bias=True)
- self.output = nn.Softmax(dim=1)
-
- def forward(self, x, add_variable):
- x1000 = self.net(x)
- x10 = self.dropout(self.relu(x1000))
- x10 = self.fc1(x10)
- x10 = self.output(x10)
- return x10, x1000
-
-
- import torchvision.models as models
- net = models.resnet50()
- model = Model(net).cuda()
- out10, out1000 = model(inputs, add_var)
PyTorch存储模型主要采用pkl,pt,pth三种格式
模型结构和权重
- from torchvision import models
- model = models.resnet152(pretrained=True)
-
- # 保存整个模型
- torch.save(model, save_dir)
- # 保存模型权重
- torch.save(model.state_dict, save_dir)
- os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0' # 如果是多卡改成类似0,1,2
- model = model.cuda() # 单卡
- model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model).cuda() # 多卡
差别在于多卡并行的模型每层的名称前多了一个“module”
- import os
- import torch
- from torchvision import models
-
- os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
- model = models.resnet152(pretrained=True)
- model.cuda()
-
- # 保存+读取整个模型
- torch.save(model, save_dir)
- loaded_model = torch.load(save_dir)
- loaded_model.cuda()
-
- # 保存+读取模型权重
- torch.save(model.state_dict(), save_dir)
- loaded_dict = torch.load(save_dir)
- loaded_model = models.resnet152() #注意这里需要对模型结构有定义
- loaded_model.state_dict = loaded_dict
- loaded_model.cuda()
- import os
- import torch
- from torchvision import models
-
- os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
- model = models.resnet152(pretrained=True)
- model.cuda()
-
- # 保存+读取整个模型
- torch.save(model, save_dir)
-
- os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '1,2' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
- loaded_model = torch.load(save_dir)
- loaded_model = nn.DataParallel(loaded_model).cuda()
-
- # 保存+读取模型权重
- torch.save(model.state_dict(), save_dir)
-
- os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '1,2' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
- loaded_dict = torch.load(save_dir)
- loaded_model = models.resnet152() #注意这里需要对模型结构有定义
- loaded_model.state_dict = loaded_dict
- loaded_model = nn.DataParallel(loaded_model).cuda()
- import os
- import torch
- from torchvision import models
-
- os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '1,2' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
-
- model = models.resnet152(pretrained=True)
- model = nn.DataParallel(model).cuda()
-
- # 保存+读取整个模型
- torch.save(model, save_dir)
-
- os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
- loaded_model = torch.load(save_dir)
- loaded_model = loaded_model.module
多卡模式下建议使用权重的方式存储和读取模型
- import os
- import torch
- from torchvision import models
-
- os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0,1,2' #这里替换成希望使用的GPU编号
-
- model = models.resnet152(pretrained=True)
- model = nn.DataParallel(model).cuda()
-
- # 保存+读取模型权重,强烈建议!!
- torch.save(model.state_dict(), save_dir)
- loaded_dict = torch.load(save_dir)
- loaded_model = models.resnet152() #注意这里需要对模型结构有定义
- loaded_model = nn.DataParallel(loaded_model).cuda()
- loaded_model.state_dict = loaded_dict