Linux RPM 构建

• preparing to build RPMS
• Planning for RPMS
• Explaining the build process
• using building files
• seeing the results
• verifying your RPMS
• writing spec files
• defiining package information
• controlling the build
• listing the files in the package
• defining spec file macros

---

preparing to build RPMS

The main tasks in building RPMs
are:

• Planning what you want to build

• Gathering the software to package

• Patching the software as needed

• Creating a reproducible build of the software

• Planning for upgrades

• Outlining any dependencies

• Building the RPMS

• Testing the RPMs

• 计划你想要建造什么

• 收集软件包

• 根据需要打补丁

• 创建软件的可复制构建

• 升级计划

• 列出所有依赖关系

• 构建rpm

• 测试rpm

场景：cacti 0.8.7 --> 0.8.8 升级，删除原来，打补丁…需求

RPM capability 能力 封装 构建 厕所

Planning what you want to build

• An application

• Customized or patched?

• A programming library

• A set of system configuration files

• Or a documentation package

• Creating a binary RPM or a source RPM or both?

• 一个应用程序

• 定制或者修补吗?

• 一个编程库

• 一组系统配置文件

• 或者文件包

• 创建二进制RPM或源RPM或两者?

src.rpm tar.gz , spec

Building RPMS

1.Set up the directory structure
2.Place the sources in the right directory
3.Create a command what to do spec file that tells the rpmbuild
4. Build the source and binary RPMs

1.设置目录结构
2.将源代码放在正确的目录中
3.创建一个命令做什么规格文件告诉rpmbuild
4. 构建源代码和二进制rpm

Set up the directory structure

rpmbuild --showrc | grep macros
1

如何构建自己的rpmbuild车间

[root@k3smaster ~]# rpmbuild --showrc |grep _topdir
-14: _builddir  %{_topdir}/BUILD
-14: _buildrootdir      %{_topdir}/BUILDROOT
-14: _rpmdir    %{_topdir}/RPMS
-14: _sourcedir %{_topdir}/SOURCES
-14: _specdir   %{_topdir}/SPECS
-14: _srcrpmdir %{_topdir}/SRPMS
-14: _topdir    %{getenv:HOME}/rpmbuild
[root@k3smaster ~]# su - mage
su: user mage does not exist
[root@k3smaster ~]# useradd zongxun
[root@k3smaster ~]# su - zongxun
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ rpmbuild --showrc | grep _topdir
-14: _builddir  %{_topdir}/BUILD
-14: _buildrootdir      %{_topdir}/BUILDROOT
-14: _rpmdir    %{_topdir}/RPMS
-14: _sourcedir %{_topdir}/SOURCES
-14: _specdir   %{_topdir}/SPECS
-14: _srcrpmdir %{_topdir}/SRPMS
-14: _topdir    %{getenv:HOME}/rpmbuild
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ ls
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ vim .rpmmacros
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ cat .rpmmacros
%_topdir        /home/zongxun
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ vim .rpmmacros
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ cat .rpmmacros
%_topdir        /home/zongxun/rpmbuild
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ mkdir -pv rpmbuild/{BUILD,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS}
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/BUILD’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/RPMS’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/SOURCES’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/SPECS’
mkdir: created directory ‘rpmbuild/SRPMS’
[zongxun@k3smaster ~]$ rpmbuild --showrc | grep _topdir
-14: _builddir  %{_topdir}/BUILD
-14: _buildrootdir      %{_topdir}/BUILDROOT
-14: _rpmdir    %{_topdir}/RPMS
-14: _sourcedir %{_topdir}/SOURCES
-14: _specdir   %{_topdir}/SPECS
-14: _srcrpmdir %{_topdir}/SRPMS
-14: _topdir    /home/zongxun/rpmbuild
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

The introduction section

source BUILD
BUILDROOT

BuildRequires 依赖包

查看rpm文件

rpm -qi httpd
Name        : httpd
Version     : 2.4.6
Release     : 97.el7.centos.5
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Tue 08 Nov 2022 01:48:37 PM CST
Group       : System Environment/Daemons
Size        : 9821136
License     : ASL 2.0
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Fri 25 Mar 2022 02:21:56 AM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM  : httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.5.src.rpm
Build Date  : Thu 24 Mar 2022 10:59:42 PM CST
Build Host  : x86-02.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor      : CentOS
URL         : http://httpd.apache.org/
Summary     : Apache HTTP Server
Description :
The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
web server.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

The prep section

准备阶段

The prep section, short for prepare, defines the commands necessary to prepare for the build
If you are starting with a compressed tar archive (a tarball) of the sources, the prep section needs
to extract the sources
The prep section starts with a %prep statement
This example uses the %setup RPM macro, which knows about tar archives, to extract the files

• prep部分(prepare的缩写)定义了为构建做准备所需的命令
• 如果你从压缩的tar文件(tarball)开始，准备部分需要提取信息源
• prep部分以一个%prep语句开始
• 这个例子使用%setup RPM宏来解压缩文件，它知道tar存档

The build section

the install section

脚本段

• %pre 安装之前
• %post安装之后
• %preun卸载之前
• %postun卸载之后

BUILDROOT/

install 比cp更强大

install /etc/fstab /tmp
install -d /tmp/test
install -D /etc/nagios/nagios.cfg /tmp/nagios/nagios.cfg
1
2
3

The clean section

The files sections

changelog 段

定义日志版本更新说明

Build RPMS with the rpmbuild command

rpmbuild -bp nignx.spec
rpmbuild -bc nginx.spec
rpmbuild -bi nginx.spec
rpmbuild -ba nginx.spec
1
2
3
4

The spec file

在注视当中要用%%表示%

rpmbuildd ba 既生成源码包又生成二进制包

rpm2cpio xxxx.rpm  cpio文件（乱码）
rpm3cpio xxxx.rpm | cpio -t
1
2

rpmbuild -rebuild  xxx.src.rpm
1

展开src包

rpm2cpio nginx-1.0.14-3.src.rpm | cpio -id
1

去哪里寻找src.rpm包

• rpmfind.net
• rpmone.com

defiining package information

rpmbuild  --clean nginx.spec
1

rpm -K xxx.rpm  #检查安装包的来源
1