【英语：基础高阶_经典外刊阅读】L6.解题真功夫—阅读理解选择题

1.阅读理解选择题

阅读理解中的选择题(绝大部分是四选一类型)在各大英语考试中都占据着很高比重, 也是我们从小到大做过最多的一类题. 很多同学做了很多年的英语阅读还是一看到大段大段的英文就觉得读不下去, 做题的速度和准确率始终提不上去. 本节我们就针对阅读理解选择题进行分析, 从平时的阅读基础训练到解题的方法都有涉及.

2.阅读理解训练基础

对于英文基础比较薄弱的同学来说, 初期的英文阅读训练应该选择简单而长而不是困难而短的文章来进行, 从而不断强化你对于这门语言的熟悉程度, 培养长期浸入的英文阅读模式. 如果没有大量阅读简单而长的英语文章来强化英语基础, 你就不会拥有基础阅读量, 而后再考虑逐渐提高阅读能力就会变成一个很困难的事情, 因为你永远会觉得自己的基础差. 我们应通过基础的有效阅读去接触大量地道的英语, 逐步加快大脑对英语的熟悉程度以及处理英语的速度(就像我们看中文的那种感觉), 那么大脑对英语的反应能力就会提高.

而想要有进一步提升的同学也多进行长文章的训练, 提升阅读能力的同时还可以培养专注力, 让阅读时注意力集中, 提升效率.

3.阅读理解选材

和其他类别的题目一样, 我们平时接触到的无论是中高考、四六级、考研、雅思托福等阅读文章绝大多数来自英语国家的报刊杂志或书籍 , 多以面向大众的大众社科类和科普类期刊为主, 也有部分选自小说、戏剧、文学散文等. 一般不会使用专业性特别强的材料, 因为使用专业性过强的材料对非该专业的学生不够公平.

出题人根据不同命题难度的需要, 部分可能会对原文稍作修改. 有一点需要明白的是, 修改肯定不会改变原文的意思, 大多数修改都只是对其中的部分句子或者单词进行同义替换.

4.阅读理解训练基础

2013年考研英语真题题源

2018年考研英语真题题源

5.阅读理解选择题解题原则

5.1.顺序原则

一般的阅读文章后的题目都是严格按照文章的先后顺序出题的.

第一道题绝大多数都是针对前面一两个自然段的内容进行命题, 而最后一题往往是针对末端或者全文的中心来命题.

做题的时候一定要注意定位段落, 不要像盲目地满篇乱找, 把时间都浪费废了.

例1：2020高考阅读
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted inYoungstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.

The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.

One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start.The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.

In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.

Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.

32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
    A. A new study of different plants.
    B. A big fall in crime rates.
    C. Employees from various workplaces.
    D. Benefits from green plants.

33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
    A. To detect plants’ lack of water
    B. To change compositions of plants
    C. To make the life of plants longer.
    D. To test chemicals in plants.

34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
    A. They will speed up energy production.
    B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
    C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
    D. They could take the place of power plants.

35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
    A. Can we grow more glowing plants?
    B. How do we live with glowing plants?
    C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?
    D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?

Paragraph 1
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted inYoungstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.

32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
    A. A new study of different plants.
    B. A big fall in crime rates.
    C. Employees from various workplaces.
    D. Benefits from green plants.

考查对主旨大意的把控. 根据第一段可知, 在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现, 城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低. 在另一项研究中, 当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时, 他们的工作效率会提高15%. 由此可知, 第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处. 故选D.

Paragraph 2
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater."We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day, " explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.

33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plan t leaves by MIT engineer?
    A. To detect plants’ lack of water
    B. To change compositions of plants
    C. To make the life of plants longer.
    D. To test chemicals in plants.

细节理解题. 根据第二段可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物, 还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质. 由此可知, 麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况. 故选A.

Paragraph 5
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.

34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the fut ure?
    A. They will speed up energy production.
    B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
    C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
    D. They could take the place of power plants.

细节理解题. 根据最后一段中可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离, 从而帮助节约能源. 由此可知, 这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗. 故选C.

35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
    A. Can we grow more glowing plants?
    B. How do we live with glowing plants?
    C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?
    D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?

主旨大意题. 根据最后一段可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%. 由于照明通常远离电源, 例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离, 在传输过程中会损失大量能源. 发光的植物可以缩短这段距离, 从而帮助节约能源. 结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处, 因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物, 文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程, 以及这种植物的一些优势, 指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯, 达到节约能源的作用. 由此可知, C选项"发光的植物能取代路灯吗？"最符合文章标题. 故选C.

5.2.同义原则

在阅读单项选择中至少有 60%的题目会涉及到同义替换.

当阅读文章较长时, 为了高效做题, 很多考试要求我们有带着选项回到文章当中去定位的能力, 快速找到答案所在的范围.

但越是高级别的考试出现完全相同的定位词的可能性越小, 这就要求我们对于理解同义词的转换更加敏捷自如.

比如：
Junk food is everywhere. We are eating way too much of it. Most of us know that we are doing yet we do it anyway. What does the author say about junk food?
A. People should be educated not to eat too much.
B. Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.
C. It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.
D. It causes more harm than is generally realized.
我们本题应该选B.
其中：

• it指代junk food
• widely=too much
• consumed=eating
• despite=yet
• reputation近似于know的意思
• 选项中的ill和原文的junk都是负面含义这样分析下俩六组同义词对应, 所以是B.
  可以看得出阅读的一大考点就是在找同义词.

5.2.1. 词性之间的替换

这是相对比较简单的一类同义词替换, 也就是题目和原文使用的是同一个词, 但是转变了词性. 比如某一道题目出现了secretion, 但是原文中对应的词却是secrete, 虽然有些同学可能不太认识这个词, 但是这并不妨碍我们能知道这两个词是替换词, 因为它们几乎长得一样, 只不过是一个-te结尾的动词变成了-tion结尾的名词. 再如题目中的emit在原文中对应的是它的名词形式emission；diabetic在原文中对应的是它的名词形式diabetes…

这一类的替换要求大家对词性的转换有所了解, 对于以前讲的词根词缀部分内容加强理解.

5.2.2. 同义词/近义词间的替换

这种替换也是同学们接触最多的一种, 也是最常见的一个替换, 在高考和四六级的出题人比较喜欢的一种替换形式. 因为很常见, 所以我就简单举两个例子就好. 比如题目中出现的well known在原文中可能是famous；题目中的reproduce在原文中是copy或者replicate.
这是比较普遍的, 还有一些难度稍大的替换, 比如loneliness在原文中是emotionally isolated(情感上孤立), 但是仔细看还是能够分析出来的.

5.2.3. 上/下义词之间的替换(包含关系)

这一个类别的替换需要在词义的基础上再结合文章的内容才能推敲出来. 具有一定复杂性, 在高级别阅读如雅思托福GRE等考试中出现的频率高. 但正因为具有复杂性, 所以反而会出现在一些较简单的题型中.

比如chemical(化学品)和fertilizer(化肥)在某些语境下可以是替换词, 但是这里却是一个包含关系；而在一些难度较大的题型中, 复杂性体现在需要理解题目的整句话是怎样对原文进行深度包装的. 再如雅思某篇的一道题目中出现了military这个词, 在原文的替换说法是隶属于军事领域的battlefield和camouflaged vehicles这两个下义词, 虽然camouflaged vehicle "伪装车辆"这个意思一般都不知道, 但是看到battle还是能判断出有相关联系的.

5.2.4. 否定+反义的替换

这类的同义词替换出现的不是很多, 但是也要了解. 简单举例就是big=not small, 但是真正的考试中的替换难度就大大上升了. 比如题目中的accurate, 在原文中的说法是fewer errors, 仔细想一想这种替换也是出题人费劲了心思, 我们再定位的时候也要不畏艰难, 定点爆破.

5.3.归纳原则

阅读中一定会涉及到主旨大意类的题目, 这一类的题需要我们对原文上下文信息进行推导和总结提炼. 之前我们在阅读分析的时候多次提及, 这里不再赘述. 总之就是带着逻辑和思考去阅读, 多看多读多分析.

6.阅读实战

2020四级阅读
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education,so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.

High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.

We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic (勤奋工作的美德)and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. I recommend Harvard’s 2011 "Pathways to Prosperity " report for more attention to the “forgotten half” (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.

Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.

Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college.We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.

Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions.The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化)by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene (干预) will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.

61.What kind of education does the author think is ideal?
A) It benefits the great majority of the general population.
B) It prepares students to meet the future needs of society
C) It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.
D) It ensures that students expectations are successfully fulfilled.

62.What does author say is the problem with present high school education?
A) Ignoring the needs of those who don’t go to college
B) Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only.
C) Giving little attention to those having difficulty learning
D) Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world

63.What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage?
A) People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional position.
B) Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job.
C) New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning
D) Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy.

64.What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on?
A) Solid background knowledge in a particular field
B) Practical skills urgently needed in current society
C) Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning
D) Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research

65.What suggestion docs the author offer to parents?
A) Rethinking the value of higher education
B) Investing wisely in their children’s education.
C) Helping their children lo bring their talent into full play.
D) Avoiding too much intervention in their children’s education

As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education,so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.

High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy.We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.

We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic (勤奋工作的美德)and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. I recommend Harvard’s 2011 "Pathways to Prosperity " report for more attention to the “forgotten half” (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.

61.What kind of education does the author think is ideal?
A) It benefits the great majority of the general population.
B) It prepares students to meet the future needs of society
C) It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.
D) It ensures that students expectations are successfully fulfilled.

语义理解题. 由题干中的ideal泄位到第一段第二句. 理想上, 高中和大学都应该能培养学生适应未来 角色的变化. 此句表明在未来社会中, 人们的角色会不断发生变化,理想的教育就是能培养适应这种变化的人才, 也就是说, 理想的教育可以满足未来社会的需求, 故答案为B).

As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education,so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them. - High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy.We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.

We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic (勤奋工作的美德)and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. I recommend Harvard’s 2011 “Pathways to Prosperity” report for more attention to the “forgotten half” (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.

62.What does author say is the problem with present high school education?
A) Ignoring the needs of those who don’t go to college
B) Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only.
C) Giving little attention to those having difficulty learning
D) Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world

事实细节题. 由题干中的problem, high school定位到第二段.
作者在文章第二段论述了目前高中教育的问题, 如提供给学生的就业准备不足, 造成了经济中不断扩大的技能差距. 盲目鼓励学生读大学造成了目前世界上最髙的大学辍学率, 故答案为D).

Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.

Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college.We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.

Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions.The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化)by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene (干预)will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.

63.What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage?
A) People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional position.
B) Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job.
C) New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.
D) Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy.

细节推断题. 由题目中的knowledge economy定位到第四段第二句.
在知识型经济中, 职业角色变化迅速, 很多大学 生为之准备的职位甚至可能还不存在. 由此可推断, 知识型经济的特征是职业的迅速变化, 新的职位不断地被创造, 有些读书时还不存在的职位可能在毕业时出现, 届时, 在学校里学 到的知识就远远不够了, 因此人们需要持续学习来适应这些不断被创造出的新职位, 故答案为C).

Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.

Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college.We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.

Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions.The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化)by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene (干预)will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.

64.What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on?
A) Solid background knowledge in a particular field
B) Practical skills urgently needed in current society
C) Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning
D) Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research

细节归纳题. 由题目中的liberal arts college 位到第五段第一句.
文章第五段提到在文理学院, 这些培训比任何一门专业都重要. “这些培训"指上文提到的"学会在口失和书面陈述中很好地表达观点, 知道如何寻找信息并且知道如何作调査研究”, 而这些技能培训是为了适应未来的变化, 故答案为C).

Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.

Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college.We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.

Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions.The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化)by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene (干预)will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.

65.What suggestion docs the author offer to parents?
A) Rethinking the value of higher education
B) Investing wisely in their children’s education.
C) Helping their children lo bring their talent into full play.
D) Avoiding too much intervention in their children’s education.

细节归纳题. 由题干中的suggestion和parents定位到文章最后一句. 最后一段提到由于家长在大学阶段的参与, 通向成年的漫长道路看起来好像更长了, 这句话我们可以理解为家长在大学阶段过多参与孩子的教育会影响孩子的成长. 文章最后指出学会何时何地进行干预将会有助于学生享受这些日益昂贵的教育所带来的成果. 也就是说, 作者建议家长学会适当的参与, 避免过多的干预, 这样才能使孩子更好地成长, 使教育取得更大的成效, 故答案为D).

2020考研阅读
Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.

A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure " gender parity " on boards and commissions, provide a case in point. Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.

The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.

The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest. Because the California law applies to all boards, ever where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.

2020四级阅读
But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women. in the general population, but so what?

The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.

Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.

Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards. - Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.

31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_____
A) help little to reduce gender bias.
B) pose a threat to the state government.
C) raise women’s position in politics.
D) greatly broaden career options.

32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?____
A) It has irritated private business owners.
B) It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.
C)It may go against the Constitution.
D) It will settle the prior controversies.

33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_____
A) the harm from arbitrary board decision.
B) the importance of constitutional guarantees.
C) the pressure on women in global corporations.
D) the needlessness of government interventions.

34.Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to_____
A) the underestimation of elite women’s role.
B) the objection to female participation on bards.
C) the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.
D) the growing tension between Labor and management.

35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?_____
A)Women’s need in employment should be considered
B) Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.
C) Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.
D) Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.

Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.

A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.

The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.

The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, ever where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.

31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_____
A) help little to reduce gender bias.
B) pose a threat to the state government.
C) raise women’s position in politics.
D) greatly broaden career options.

态度题 A help little to reduce gender bias 纵观全文, 文章一直在论述该法案, 在最后一段作者提出了自己的想法, 下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式. 请记住, 这些基本上都是自私自利的措施, 让他们的赞助商感觉良好, 但其实并没有什么帮助, 由此可见作者对此法案采取否定态度, A help little to reduce gender bias对减少性别偏见没什么帮助为同义替换的正确选项

The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest. Because the California law applies to all boards, ever where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.

But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women. in the general population, but so what?

The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.

32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?____
A) It has irritated private business owners.
B) It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.
C)It may go against the Constitution.
D) It will settle the prior controversies.

事实细节题. C it may go against the constitution 根据题干中的关键词 California measures定位到原文第五段第二句, Because the California law applies to all boards, … courts are likely to rule that the law violate the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection” violate 违反宪法, 选项C against替换violate为正确选项

The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.

Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.

33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_____
A) the harm from arbitrary board decision.
B) the importance of constitutional guarantees.
C) the pressure on women in global corporations.
D) the needlessness of government interventions.

例证题 D the needlessness of government interventions 根据题干中catalyst替换到第7段, 论点为上一句The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government . 在没有政府的情况下, 公司董事会中的妇女人数一直在稳步增加.
可见D选项中the needlessness of government interventions政府干预的不必要性.

Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.

Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.

Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.

34.Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporategender quota has led to_____
A) the underestimation of elite women’s role.
B) the objection to female participation on bards.
C) the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.
D)the growing tension between Labor and management.

细节判断题. C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board 根据Norway定位到倒数第三段第一句, 要求将性别作为董事会成员的主要资格, 必然会导致私营部门董事会减少. 紧接着下文董事会成员的机会越来越多, 却没有合格的女性来担任董事会成员, 由此可见会有不合格的人进入董事会, 正确选项C 不合格候选人进入董事会

Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.

Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.

Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.

35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?_____
A)Women’s need in employment should be considered
B) Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.
C) Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.
D) Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.

推断题 B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking 由最后一段可知, 下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式. 请记住, 这些基本上都是自私自利的措施, 让他们的赞助商感觉良好, 但其实并没有什么帮助. 由此可知该政策并不可取, 正确选项B可行性应是决策的首要考虑因素.