• Redhat(5)-ansible-loop-handler-errors-tags

    1.编写loop和条件任务
    2.实施handler
    3.处理Errors
    4.扩展-实施Tags
     

    1.编写Loop和条件任务
     

     1.1 loop
    条件查看：ansible.cfg
    a)变量定义  var.yml
     

    1. user1:jack
    2. user2:tom

    b)变量调用 config_user.yml

    1. ---
    2. - name:
    3.   hosts: servera
    4.   tasks:
    5.     - name:
    6.       user:
    7.         name: "{{ user1 }}"
    8.         state: present
    9.     - name:
    10.       user:
    11.         name: "{{ user2 }}"
    12.         state: present
    13.  
    ansible-playbook config_user.yml
    1. ---
    2. - name:
    3.   hosts: servera
    4. #  vars:
    5. #    users:
    6. #      - jack
    7. #      - tom
    8.   tasks:
    9.     - name: create user {{ item }}  #此处不识别
    10.       user:
    11.         name: "{{ item }}"
    12.         state: present
    13.       loop:
    14.         - jack
    15.         - tom

     1.11循环-直接列表
     1.12.循环-变量 vars

    1. ---
    2. - name:
    3.   hosts: servera
    4.   vars:
    5.     users:
    6.       - jack
    7.       - tom
    8.   tasks:
    9.     - name: create user {{ item }}  #此处不识别
    10.       user:
    11.         name: "{{ item }}"
    12.         state: present          #添加 present 删除：absent 
    13.       loop:"{{ users }}"

     1.13.循环：列表+字典

    1. ---
    2. - name:
    3.   hosts: servera
    4.   vars:
    5.     users:
    6.       - name:jack           #3.列表+字典
    7.         uid:1011
    8.       - name:tom
    9.         uid:1012
    10.   tasks:
    11.     - name: create user {{ item }}  #此处不识别
    12.       user:
    13.         name: "{{ item.name }}"
    14.         uid: "{{ item.uid }}"
    15.         state: present          #添加 present 删除：absent 
    16.       loop:"{{ users }}"




     1.2条件判断
    字符串==，数字< 、>、...
    变量是否定义 min_memory is defined,min_memory is not defined
    memory avaliable,not memory avaliable
    1.准备条件：

    ansiblg.cfg

    1. [defaults]
    2. inventory=inventory
    3. remote_user=root

    inventory

    1. [servers]
    2. servera
    3. serverb

    vim ~/.vimrc
     

    set ts=2 paste

    1.21when+bool、数字

    1. ---
    2. - name:test
    3.   hosts: servera
    4.   gather_facts: no
    5.   vars:
    6.     run_my_task: true   #0:false、no  #1：TRUE，yes    不区分大小写
    7.   tasks:
    8.     - name: test when
    9.       debug:
    10.         msg:
    11.       when: run_my_task        #此处为bool值
    12.       # when: run_my_task <15   #此处为数字

    1.22when+文件的路径：vars=/etc/hosts

    1. ---
    2. - name:test
    3.   hosts: servera
    4.   gather_facts: no
    5.   vars:
    6.     file_name: /etc/hosts
    7.   tasks:
    8.     - name: test when
    9.       debug:
    10.         msg:"{{ file_name}} is regular file"
    11.       when: file_name is file    
    12.  
    13.  
    14. #file:文件
    15. #directory:目录
    16. #link: 软链接
    17. #mount:挂载点
    18. #exist:路径

    1.23when+结果(succeeded+failed+changed+skiped）  

    1. ---
    2. - name:test
    3.   hosts: servera
    4.   gather_facts: no
    5.   vars:
    6.     doshell:"yes"
    7.   tasks:
    8.     - shell: cat /etc/hosts
    9.       register:result
    10.       ignore_errors:true
    11.       when:doshell=="yes"
    12.     - name: success
    13.       debug:
    14.         msg: success
    15.       when: result is succeeded   
    16.       when: result is failed 
    17.       when: result is changed
    18.       when: result is skipped
    19.  
    20.  
    21. #succeeded:成功
    22. #failed:  失败
    23. #changed: 改变
    24. #skiped:  跳过
    25.

    1.24 字符串大小写+奇数偶数（string +lower+upper+number+even+odd）
    1.25 变量值是否在另一个变量当中
    in ,not in
     

    1. ---
    2. - name:test
    3.   hosts: servera 
    4.   gather_facts:no
    5.   vars:
    6.     my_special_user:devops
    7.     superusers:
    8.      - root
    9.      - wheel
    10.   tasks:
    11.     - name:
    12.       user:
    13.         name:
    14.         groups:
    15.         append:yes
    16.       when: my_special_user not in superusers

    1.26 多个条件
    and
     

    1. when: ansible kernel=="" and inventory_hostname in groups['']
    2. when:
    3.   - ansible kernel==""
    4.   - inventory_hostname in groups['']

    2.实施Handlers


    2.1由其他任务通知执行的任务 inactive 任务，通过notify调用。
        每次yum安装都重启。
     

    1. ---
    2. - name: deploy server
    3.   hosts: servera
    4.   tasks:
    5.     - name: install packages
    6.       yum:
    7.         name: httpd
    8.         state: present
    9.       notify:
    10.         - restart apache
    11.  
    12.     - name: enable httpd service
    13.       service:
    14.         name: httpd
    15.         enabled: yes
    16.         state: started
    17.  
    18.     - name: install httpd-manual
    19.       yum:
    20.         name: httpd-manual
    21.         state: present
    22.       notify:
    23.         - restart apache
    24.    
    25.    handlers:
    26.      - name: restart apache
    27.        service:
    28.          name: httpd
    29.          state: restarted
    30.

    3.处理Errors


      3.1执行失败
      3.11- 忽略任务 error 
           yum:
               name:
               state:
                ignore_errors:yes     
              

    1. ---
    2. - name: deploy server
    3.   hosts: servera
    4.   gather_facts: no
    5.   vars:
    6.     doshell:"yes"
    7.   tasks:
    8.     - shell: cat /etc/hostsads
    9.       register: result
    10.         ignore_errors: true           #忽略失败，执行debug failed   
    11.         when: doshell == "yes"
    12.     - name: success
    13.       debug:
    14.         msg: success
    15.       when: result is succeeded
    16.     - name: failed
    17.       debug:
    18.         msg: failed
    19.       when: result is failed
    20.     - name: changed
    21.       debug:
    22.         msg: changed
    23.         enabled: yes
    24.         when: result is changed
    25.    
    26.    handlers:
    27.      - name: restart apache
    28.        service:
    29.          name: httpd
    30.          state: restarted
    31.

     3.12失败后handlers是不调用的，如果要执行        
              force_handlers:yes

    1. ---
    2. - name:test
    3.   hosts:servera
    4.   force_handlers: yes             #即使失败也要执行
    5.   tasks:
    6.     - name: a task which always notifies its hander
    7.       command: /bin/true
    8.       notify: restart the sshd
    9.     - name:
    10.       yum:
    11.         name: notapkg
    12.         state: latest
    13.    handlers:
    14.      - name:
    15.        service:
    16.          name: sshd
    17.          state: restarted

    3.2fail模块
        3.21    fail模块后是不执行的。
         playbook 要么执行完成退出，要么执行完成退出。如果想中间退出就用fail.

    1. ---
    2. - name:test
    3.   hosts:servera
    4.   force_handlers: yes             #即使失败也要执行
    5.   gather_facts: no                #不收集
    6.   tasks:
    7.     - name: a task which always notifies its hander
    8.       command: /bin/true
    9.       notify: restart the sshd
    10.  
    11.     - fail:                       #fail后是不执行的
    12.     - debug:       
    13.         msg:  hello
    14.   
    15.    handlers:
    16.      - name:
    17.        service:
    18.          name: sshd
    19.          state: restarted

    3.22执行任务失败条件
       fail与when配合使用
           -fail：
        when:
      或者 failed_when:

     

    1. --- name: test fail module
    2.     hosts: servera
    3.     tasks:
    4.       - shell: /root/adduser
    5.         register: command_result
    6.       - fail:
    7.           msg:" add user "
    8.         when: "'failed' in command_result.stdout"
    1. --- name: test fail module
    2.     hosts: servera
    3.     tasks:
    4.       - shell: /root/adduser
    5.         register: command_result
    6.       - failed_when:"'failed' in command_result.stdout"
    1. --- name: test fail module
    2.     hosts: servera
    3.     gather_facts: no
    4.     tasks:
    5.       - shell: /root/adduser
    6.         register: command_result
    7.         changed_when:"'success' in command_result.stdout"
    8.       - debug:
    9.           var: command_result
    10.       - fail:
    11.           msg: "add user"
    12.          when:"'failed' in command_result.stdout"

    3.23指定任务变更条件
     changed_when:
     

    1. ---
    2. - name: test when  #任务结果状态为改变
    3.   hosts:servera
    4.   gather_facts:no
    5.   tasks:
    6.   - name: test changed when
    7.     shell: cat /etc/redhat.rel
    8.     changed_when:false

    3.3 block:
    3.31多个任务都在when时触发。

    1. ---
    2. - name: block 
    3.   hosts: servera
    4.   tasks:
    5.     - block:                    #when与block对齐
    6.         -debug:
    7.            msg: task1
    8.         -debug:
    9.            msg: task2
    10.        when: ansible_distrbution=="RedHat"

    3.32block -rescue(block中出错时执行)-always(block是否成功都会运行always)
     


    4.扩展-实施Tags
    4.1执行 tags标签 ：         ansible-playbook tags.yml --list-tags
    4.2执行 tags webserver ：ansible-playbook tags.yml --tags webserver
    4.3跳过 tags webserver : ansible-playbook tags.yml  --skip-tags webserver

     

    1. ---
    2. - name: test tags
    3.   hosts: servera
    4.   gather_facts: no 
    5.   tasks:
    6.     - name:  httpd is installed
    7.       yum:
    8.         name: httpd
    9.         state: latest
    10.       tags: webserver
    11.  
    12.     - name: postfix is installed
    13.       yum:
    14.         name: postfix
    15.         state: latest
    16.       tags: mailserver
    17.     
    18.     - name: always debug
    19.       debug: 
    20.         msg: debug
    21.       tags:
    22.         - always


     

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/aggie4628/article/details/127586024