Docker 入门流程

基础的docker基本命令

docker启动命令

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
1

查询docker 命令帮助

[root@localhost ~]# docker --help
1

查看镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       c20987f18b13   5 months ago   448MB
mysql         latest    3218b38490ce   5 months ago   516MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   7 months ago   13.3kB
1
2
3
4
5

docker 搜索命令 ( 它会去镜像地址去搜索)

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                           DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                          MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12606     [OK]       
mariadb                        MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4843      [OK]       
percona                        Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   576       [OK]       
phpmyadmin                     phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   542       [OK]       
bitnami/mysql                  Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      71                   [OK]
linuxserver/mysql-workbench                                                    36                   
linuxserver/mysql              A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   35                   
ubuntu/mysql                   MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread…   33                   
circleci/mysql                 MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   26                   
google/mysql                   MySQL server for Google Compute Engine          21                   [OK]
rapidfort/mysql                RapidFort optimized, hardened image for mysql   12                   
vmware/harbor-db               Mysql container for Harbor                      10                   
bitnami/mysqld-exporter                                                        3                    
ibmcom/mysql-s390x             Docker image for mysql-s390x                    2                    
nasqueron/mysql                                                                1                    [OK]
newrelic/mysql-plugin          New Relic Plugin for monitoring MySQL databa…   1                    [OK]
vitess/mysqlctld               vitess/mysqlctld                                1                    [OK]
cimg/mysql                                                                     0                    
mirantis/mysql                                                                 0                    
drud/mysql-local-57            ddev mysql local container                      0                    
drud/mysql-docker-local-57     This repo has been deprecated, new tags are …   0                    
drud/mysql                                                                     0                    
drud/mysql-docker-local        docker containers for local womysql rk          0                    [OK]
docksal/mysql                  MySQL service images for Docksal - https://d…   0                    
silintl/mysql-backup-restore   Simple docker image to perform mysql backups…   0                    [OK]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

docker pull 下载镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest   		  	 # 如果不写tag. 默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete     		 # 分层下载，docker imager 的核心 联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709  #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest     #真实地址


# 等价于它 以下命令等价
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest   

# 指定版本下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists     #上面已经下载过的mysql镜像，这一次可以共用，所以表示已存在
93619dbc5b36: Already exists 
99da31dd6142: Already exists 
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41

docker rmi 删除镜像

# 查看已有的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       c20987f18b13   5 months ago   448MB
mysql         latest    3218b38490ce   5 months ago   516MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   7 months ago   13.3kB

 # 根据镜像的id进行删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f c20987f18b13  
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Deleted: sha256:c20987f18b130f9d144c9828df630417e2a9523148930dc3963e9d0dab302a76
Deleted: sha256:6567396b065ee734fb2dbb80c8923324a778426dfd01969f091f1ab2d52c7989

# 查看镜像，删除成功
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         latest    3218b38490ce   5 months ago   516MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   7 months ago   13.3kB

# 查询出所有镜像后进行递归删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Deleted: sha256:3218b38490cec8d31976a40b92e09d61377359eab878db49f025e5d464367f3b
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:80f31da1ac7b312ba29d65080fddf797dd76acfb870e677f390d5acba9741b17
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

容器命令

说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos

# 查看镜像， 镜像已经下载成功
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago   231MB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1、新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image    # 可选参数使用 docker run --help  命令查看有哪些

# 参数说明
--name="name"	容器名字 tomcat01   tomcat02  用来区分容器
-d 			后台方式运行 
-it			使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p				指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080\
	-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
	-p 容器端口
-p	随机指定端口

	 		
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

测试：

启动容器并给名字 为 it

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash  	
[root@317beaac0681 /]# 					
1
2

表明已经进入到容器了

查看启动的容器内部， 可以看出这个容器内容跟普通的容器没啥区别

[root@317beaac0681 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var 
1
2

退出容器

exit   # 容器停止运行并退出
ctrl + p + q  # 容器不停止退出

[root@317beaac0681 /]# exit    # 容器停止运行并退出

# ctrl + P + Q  # 容器不停止退出 (在键盘的大写模式下按这几个键)
[root@4cac2196aa2e /]# [root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
4cac2196aa2e   centos    "/bin/bash"   13 seconds ago       Up 10 seconds                 peaceful_carver
64efab6e12e5   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             objective_jackson
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

列出所有运行的容器

# docker ps 命令 
-a			# 列出当前正在运行的容器（默认容器），顺带带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?		# 只显示最近创建的容器
-q			# 只显示容器的编号

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
3bd0aed6e189   centos         "/bin/bash"   45 seconds ago   Exited (0) 17 seconds ago             hopeful_williams
598addfa8720   centos         "/bin/bash"   5 hours ago      Exited (0) 5 hours ago                quirky_agnesi
317beaac0681   centos         "/bin/bash"   5 hours ago      Exited (130) 5 hours ago              fervent_lalande
83c174518303   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      46 hours ago     Exited (0) 46 hours ago               thirsty_davinci
204a0f5e6da0   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      46 hours ago     Exited (0) 46 hours ago               clever_archimedes		

 docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
4cac2196aa2e   centos    "/bin/bash"   13 seconds ago       Up 10 seconds                 peaceful_carver
64efab6e12e5   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             objective_jackson
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

删除容器

docker rm 容器id		# 根据容器id删除容器（不能删除正在运行的容器，要强制删除利用 rm -f）
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)	# 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm	# 删除所有容器
下面是列子：

# 由于rm 容器id 不能删除正在运行的容器而导致报错
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 4cac2196aa2e
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 4cac2196aa2e1df5d16f987c560d3dd81dea7cfa1bdb362cc4e4150856421d0b. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -aq
4cac2196aa2e
64efab6e12e5
3bd0aed6e189
598addfa8720
317beaac0681
83c174518303
204a0f5e6da0

# rm -f 即可删除正在运行的容器 $(docker ps -aq): 查询出所有正在运行的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
4cac2196aa2e
64efab6e12e5
3bd0aed6e189
598addfa8720
317beaac0681
83c174518303
204a0f5e6da0
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -aq		
[root@localhost ~]# 				# 可以看到，容器都被删除掉了
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id		# 启动容器
docker restart 容器id	# 重启容器
docker stop 容器id		# 停止 当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 			# 强制停止当前容器

下面是例子（需要有历史运行过的容器，才可以使用以上四条命令）：

# 先运行一个容器（这里的目的为了能找到历史运行容器id，否则无法使用上面的方式启动容器）
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash   

# 把该容器退出
[root@00faae8b4bf2 /]# exit
exit

# 查看当前正在运行的容器（为空）
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

# 查看历史运行过的容器（可以看到 容器id=00faae8b4bf2。有了该容器id 就可以用以上命令启动或者停止容器了）
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
00faae8b4bf2   centos    "/bin/bash"   19 seconds ago       Exited (127) 8 seconds ago                suspicious_meninsky
1581a1d0cf0a   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             serene_bouman

# 使用docker start 容器id 命令启动容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker start 00faae8b4bf2
00faae8b4bf2
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
00faae8b4bf2   centos    "/bin/bash"   45 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             suspicious_meninsky

# 使用docker stop 容器id 停止容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 00faae8b4bf2
00faae8b4bf2
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

常用的其他docker 命令

后台启动容器

注意： 该条命令启动容器后，使用docker ps 查看，会发现该容器停止了
原因： docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台的进程，docker 发现没有应用，就会自动停止
有使用容器就装了一个nginx ，此时容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

# docker run -d 镜像名
1

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail [要显示的日志条数] 容器id 
# 自己编写一段shell脚本，循环打印一句话（为了查看日志）
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo chenxiansheng;sleep 1;done"
3926294a2cca4431540e8c5aced519f22c0999f9e6466bd96e767cea548c53ae
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
3926294a2cca   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             fervent_torvalds

# 查看日志命令
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -t -f --tail 5 3926294a2cca
2022-05-22T06:56:16.970217803Z chenxiansheng
2022-05-22T06:56:17.983250772Z chenxiansheng
2022-05-22T06:56:18.994815474Z chenxiansheng
2022-05-22T06:56:19.998974466Z chenxiansheng
2022-05-22T06:56:21.003155944Z chenxiansheng
^C
[root@localhost ~]# 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

查看容器运行进程信息

docker top 容器id

# 例子：
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 3926294a2cca
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                1967                1947                0                   14:54               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo chenxiansheng;sleep 1;done
root                2845                1967                0                   15:08               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

查看镜像的元数据

docker inspect  

# docker inspect 能使用的命令
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect --help

Usage:  docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]

Return low-level information on Docker objects

Options:
  -f, --format string   Format the output using the given Go template
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes if the type is container
      --type string     Return JSON for specified type


下面是使用例子：
# 可以看到镜像id 是该进程id的前缀
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 3926294a2cca
[
    {
        "Id": "3926294a2cca4431540e8c5aced519f22c0999f9e6466bd96e767cea548c53ae",
        "Created": "2022-05-22T06:54:51.055490626Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo chenxiansheng;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 1967,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-05-22T06:54:52.152158173Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3926294a2cca4431540e8c5aced519f22c0999f9e6466bd96e767cea548c53ae/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3926294a2cca4431540e8c5aced519f22c0999f9e6466bd96e767cea548c53ae/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3926294a2cca4431540e8c5aced519f22c0999f9e6466bd96e767cea548c53ae/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3926294a2cca4431540e8c5aced519f22c0999f9e6466bd96e767cea548c53ae/3926294a2cca4431540e8c5aced519f22c0999f9e6466bd96e767cea548c53ae-json.log",
        "Name": "/fervent_torvalds",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e564fca82acaf0d594fea6217e190503e5674ff9909a45429ec75cb0d8ab2d72-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8da0b0258a4c475bbdf2c544b058908a98b9e203ccddd77c36dcad7dc096162a/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e564fca82acaf0d594fea6217e190503e5674ff9909a45429ec75cb0d8ab2d72/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e564fca82acaf0d594fea6217e190503e5674ff9909a45429ec75cb0d8ab2d72/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e564fca82acaf0d594fea6217e190503e5674ff9909a45429ec75cb0d8ab2d72/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "3926294a2cca",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo chenxiansheng;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "d80dfcd35589cac557f556bf5f47895d0d7dc9eabf461985c703b240daed0f33",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/d80dfcd35589",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "41234855c20dd7890acb5e3a48217c14e61a1e3ab876d01f79ed03b88d543b88",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "5702770d4ed5c8618623571e5e7d4fa386b63c152a28bc01c40830bb8e389d21",
                    "EndpointID": "41234855c20dd7890acb5e3a48217c14e61a1e3ab876d01f79ed03b88d543b88",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225

进入当前正在运行的容器

docker exec -it 容器id bashShell			# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以再里面操作
docker attach 容器id						# 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会开启新的进程

-it    # 表示使用交互模式

下面是例子
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 3926294a2cca /bin/bash
[root@3926294a2cca /]# 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径

下面是例子： 首先进入到容器home文件夹建立一个文件，随后退出到本机，再利用docker复制命令把容器的文件复制到本机的home里面来
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 3926294a2cca /bin/bash
[root@3926294a2cca /]# cd home
[root@3926294a2cca home]# 
[root@3926294a2cca home]# touch chenxiansheng222.java 
[root@3926294a2cca home]# ls
chenxiansheng222.java
[root@3926294a2cca home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
3926294a2cca   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   35 minutes ago   Up 35 minutes                           fervent_torvalds
47d1e769d463   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   36 minutes ago   Exited (137) 35 minutes ago             great_wing
00faae8b4bf2   centos    "/bin/bash"              18 hours ago     Exited (0) 18 hours ago                 suspicious_meninsky
1581a1d0cf0a   centos    "/bin/bash"              18 hours ago     Exited (0) 18 hours ago                 serene_bouman


# 使用复制命令将容器的文件复制到本机的linux上来
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp 3926294a2cca:/home/chenxiansheng222.java /home 
[root@3926294a2cca home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost /]# cd home/
[root@localhost home]# ls
chenmaolin  chenxiansheng222.java				# 可以看到文件已经正确复制到本机上了
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

实际应用

docker 安装 Nginx

1、 下载nginx 镜像
2、 启动nginx
3、测试
docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx

• -d # 设置后台运行
• –name nginx01 # 给要启动的nginx一个名字,取名为nginx01
• -p 3344:80 # 3344指的是linux的端口号，80指的是nginx容器的默认端口，将容器的

# 下载nginx 镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete 
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete 
589b7251471a: Pull complete 
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete 
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete 
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   4 months ago   141MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago   231MB

# 运行nginx镜像，参数说明：

 - -d  					# 设置后台运行
 - --name nginx01		# 给要启动的nginx一个名字,取名为nginx01	
 - -p 3344:80			# 3344指的是linux的端口号，80指的是nginx容器的默认端口，将容器的端口映射到linux端口
 - nginx 				#指的是容器名称REPOSITORY   
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
e87309bccecb4163d75b0cf6d87ebadc330e64b6de14e7c31fd0a76da19f23d8

# 查看运行的nginx ，可以看到容器运行成功
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
e87309bccecb   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   26 seconds ago   Up 23 seconds   0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp   nginx01

# 测试nginx，可以看到 welcome to nginx ，测试成功
[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:3344
<!DOCTYPE html>