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GO请求参数规则校验（自定义校验规则、规则中文化）
参数校验是开发中不可或缺的重要组成部分，本章节我们将介绍参数的校验，采用的是go-playground/validator。对应的github地址：https://github.com/go-playground/validator1 简介
验证器是基于标签实现结构和单个字段的值验证。它具有以下独特功能：
1，使用验证标签或自定义验证器进行跨字段和跨结构验证。
2，切片、数组和映射潜水，允许验证多维字段的任何或所有级别。
3，能够深入研究地图键和值以进行验证
4，通过在验证之前确定它的基础类型来处理类型接口。
5，处理自定义字段类型，例如 sql driver Valuer 请参阅Valuer
6，别名验证标签，允许将多个验证映射到单个标签，以便更轻松地定义结构上的验证
7，提取自定义字段名称，例如可以指定在验证时提取 JSON 名称，并使其在生成的 FieldError 中可用
8，可定制的 i18n 感知错误消息。
安装此验证器只需要下面几个步骤，第一步在项目模块获取包，第二步将验证器引入到代码中：
go get github.com/go-playground/validator/v10- 1
import "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"- 1
返回校验错误值，Validator 仅返回错误验证输入的 InvalidValidationError、nil 或 ValidationErrors 作为类型错误；因此，在您的代码中，您需要做的就是检查返回的错误是否不为零，如果不是，则检查错误是否为 InvalidValidationError （如果需要，大多数情况下不是）类型将其转换为类型 ValidationErrors 像这样：
err := validate.Struct(mystruct) validationErrors := err.(validator.ValidationErrors)- 1
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2 简单校验
这部分我们通过一个简单的例子来入门学习一下数据的校验。
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" ) // User contains user information type User struct { FirstName string `validate:"required"` //不能为空 LastName string `validate:"required"` //不能为空 Age uint8 `validate:"gte=0,lte=130"` //值大于等于0 小于等于100 Email string `validate:"required,email"` //不能为空 满足邮箱类型 FavouriteColor string `validate:"iscolor"` //是颜色数据 // alias for 'hexcolor|rgb|rgba|hsl|hsla' Addresses []*Address `validate:"required,dive,required"` // a person can have a home and cottage... } // Address houses a users address information type Address struct { Street string `validate:"required"` //不能为空 City string `validate:"required"` //不能为空 Planet string `validate:"required"` //不能为空 Phone string `validate:"required"` //不能为空 } // use a single instance of Validate, it caches struct info var validate *validator.Validate func main() { validate = validator.New() validateStruct() validateVariable() } func validateStruct() { address := &Address{ Street: "Eavesdown Docks", Planet: "Persphone", Phone: "none", } user := &User{ FirstName: "Badger", LastName: "Smith", Age: 135, Email: "Badger.Smith@gmail.com", FavouriteColor: "#000-", Addresses: []*Address{address}, } // returns nil or ValidationErrors ( []FieldError ) err := validate.Struct(user) if err != nil { // this check is only needed when your code could produce // an invalid value for validation such as interface with nil // value most including myself do not usually have code like this. if _, ok := err.(*validator.InvalidValidationError); ok { fmt.Println(err) return } for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) { fmt.Println("命名空间：", err.Namespace()) fmt.Println("字段：", err.Field()) fmt.Println("结构命名空间：", err.StructNamespace()) fmt.Println("结构字段：", err.StructField()) fmt.Println("标签：", err.Tag()) fmt.Println("实际标签：", err.ActualTag()) fmt.Println("字段种类：", err.Kind()) fmt.Println("字段类型：", err.Type()) fmt.Println("字段值：", err.Value()) fmt.Println("字段校验值：", err.Param()) fmt.Printf("错误提示信息：%v\n", err) fmt.Println() } // from here you can create your own error messages in whatever language you wish return } // save user to database } func validateVariable() { myEmail := "joeybloggs.gmail.com" errs := validate.Var(myEmail, "required,email") if errs != nil { fmt.Println(errs) // output: Key: "" Error:Field validation for "" failed on the "email" tag return } // email ok, move on }- 1
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运行
validateStruct方法，可以看到控制台输出下面错误信息：命名空间： User.Age 字段： Age 结构命名空间： User.Age 结构字段： Age 标签： lte 实际标签： lte 字段种类： uint8 字段类型： uint8 字段值： 135 字段校验值： 130 错误提示信息：Key: 'User.Age' Error:Field validation for 'Age' failed on the 'lte' tag 命名空间： User.FavouriteColor 字段： FavouriteColor 结构命名空间： User.FavouriteColor 结构字段： FavouriteColor 标签： iscolor 实际标签： hexcolor|rgb|rgba|hsl|hsla 字段种类： string 字段类型： string 字段值： #000- 字段校验值： 错误提示信息：Key: 'User.FavouriteColor' Error:Field validation for 'FavouriteColor' failed on the 'iscolor' tag 命名空间： User.Addresses[0].City 字段： City 结构命名空间： User.Addresses[0].City 结构字段： City 标签： required 实际标签： required 字段种类： string 字段类型： string 字段值： 字段校验值： 错误提示信息：Key: 'User.Addresses[0].City' Error:Field validation for 'City' failed on the 'required' tag- 1
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可以看出触发了三条规则，Age不在指定范围，City字段为空，FavouriteColor字段不属于颜色范围。
运行
validateVariable方法，可以看到控制台输出下面错误信息：Key: '' Error:Field validation for '' failed on the 'email' tag- 1
这是因为输出参数不满足email校验的格式。
3 自定义字段类型
本部分学一下自定义字段类型的校验，编写如下代码：
package main import ( "database/sql" "database/sql/driver" "fmt" "reflect" "time" "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" ) type NullTime struct { Time time.Time Valid bool // Valid is true if String is not NULL } func (n NullTime) Value() (driver.Value, error) { if !n.Valid { return nil, nil } return n.Time, nil } // DbBackedUser User struct type DbBackedUser struct { Name sql.NullString `validate:"required"` Age sql.NullInt64 `validate:"required"` Time NullTime `validate:"required,gte='2022-09-09 09:09:09'"` } // use a single instance of Validate, it caches struct info var validate *validator.Validate func main() { validate = validator.New() // register all sql.Null* types to use the ValidateValuer CustomTypeFunc validate.RegisterCustomTypeFunc(ValidateValuer, sql.NullString{}, sql.NullInt64{}, sql.NullBool{}, sql.NullFloat64{}, NullTime{}) // build object for validation x := DbBackedUser{Name: sql.NullString{String: "100", Valid: true}, Age: sql.NullInt64{Int64: 10, Valid: true}, Time: NullTime{Time: time.Now(), Valid: true}} err := validate.Struct(x) if err != nil { fmt.Printf("Err(s):\n%+v\n", err) } } // ValidateValuer implements validator.CustomTypeFunc func ValidateValuer(field reflect.Value) interface{} { if valuer, ok := field.Interface().(driver.Valuer); ok { val, err := valuer.Value() if err == nil { return val } // handle the error how you want } return nil }- 1
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本例子主要校验sql.NullString、sql.NullInt64 、NullTime这三种字段类型，其中NullTime是我们自定义的。运行上面代码，可以在控制台看到下面输出结果：
Key: 'DbBackedUser.Time' Error:Field validation for 'Time' failed on the 'gte' tag- 1
如果我们修改参数，将数据修改成下面：
x := DbBackedUser{Name: sql.NullString{String: "", Valid: true}, Age: sql.NullInt64{Int64: 0, Valid: true}, Time: NullTime{Valid: true}}- 1
运行可以看到控制台输出下面三条规则：
Key: 'DbBackedUser.Name' Error:Field validation for 'Name' failed on the 'required' tag Key: 'DbBackedUser.Age' Error:Field validation for 'Age' failed on the 'required' tag Key: 'DbBackedUser.Time' Error:Field validation for 'Time' failed on the 'required' tag- 1
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4 结构层校验
这部分通过实现一个结构层的规则校验，编写下面代码：
package main import ( "fmt" "reflect" "strings" "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" ) /** * 定义一个User的结构体 * FirstName 和 LastName 这两个字段在结构体中没有定义校验规则 */ type User struct { FirstName string `json:"fname"` LastName string `json:"lname"` Age uint8 `validate:"gte=0,lte=130"` Email string `json:"e-mail" validate:"required,email"` FavouriteColor string `validate:"hexcolor|rgb|rgba"` Addresses []*Address `validate:"required,dive,required"` // a person can have a home and cottage... } /** * 定义一个Address的结构体 */ type Address struct { Street string `validate:"required"` City string `validate:"required"` Planet string `validate:"required"` Phone string `validate:"required"` } /** * 定义一个validate这样赋值以后可以全局使用 */ var validate *validator.Validate func main() { validate = validator.New() /** * register function to get tag name from json tags. * 获取tag标签中json标明的字符串 */ validate.RegisterTagNameFunc(func(fld reflect.StructField) string { name := strings.SplitN(fld.Tag.Get("json"), ",", 2)[0] if name == "-" { return "" } return name }) // register validation for 'User' 为User注册校验器 // NOTE: only have to register a non-pointer type for 'User', validator 注册的User是一个非指针 // internally dereferences during it's type checks. 在类型检查期间进行内部引用。 validate.RegisterStructValidation(UserStructLevelValidation, User{}) // 赋值 address := &Address{ Street: "Eavesdown Docks", Planet: "Persphone", Phone: "none", City: "Unknown", } user := &User{ FirstName: "zhangsan", LastName: "", Age: 45, Email: "Badger.Smith@gmail", FavouriteColor: "#000", Addresses: []*Address{address}, } // returns InvalidValidationError for bad validation input, nil or ValidationErrors ( []FieldError ) // 返回校验不通过的信息 err := validate.Struct(user) if err != nil { // this check is only needed when your code could produce // an invalid value for validation such as interface with nil // value most including myself do not usually have code like this. if _, ok := err.(*validator.InvalidValidationError); ok { fmt.Println(err) return } for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) { fmt.Println(err.Namespace()) // can differ when a custom TagNameFunc is registered or fmt.Println(err.Field()) // by passing alt name to ReportError like below fmt.Println(err.StructNamespace()) fmt.Println(err.StructField()) fmt.Println(err.Tag()) fmt.Println(err.ActualTag()) fmt.Println(err.Kind()) fmt.Println(err.Type()) fmt.Println(err.Value()) fmt.Println(err.Param()) fmt.Printf("错误信息：%v\n", err) fmt.Println() } // from here you can create your own error messages in whatever language you wish return } // save user to database } // UserStructLevelValidation contains custom struct level validations that don't always // make sense at the field validation level. For Example this function validates that either // FirstName or LastName exist; could have done that with a custom field validation but then // would have had to add it to both fields duplicating the logic + overhead, this way it's // only validated once. //UserStructLevelValidation包含自定义结构级验证，这些验证并不总是有效 在现场验证级别有意义。 // 例如，此函数验证 名或姓存在；可以通过自定义字段验证完成，但是 必须将其添加到两个字段中，复制逻辑+开销，这样 //仅验证一次。 // NOTE: you may ask why wouldn't I just do this outside of validator, because doing this way // hooks right into validator and you can combine with validation tags and still have a // common error output format. //注意：您可能会问，为什么我不在验证器外部执行此操作，因为这样做会直接连接到验证器中，您可以与验证标记组合，并且仍然有一个 //输出格式的常见错误。 func UserStructLevelValidation(sl validator.StructLevel) { user := sl.Current().Interface().(User) //这里自定义了一种组合校验规则，只有当FirstName和LastName都为空的时候才会触发 if len(user.FirstName) == 0 && len(user.LastName) == 0 { sl.ReportError(user.FirstName, "fname", "FirstName", "fnameorlname", "") sl.ReportError(user.LastName, "lname", "LastName", "fnameorlname", "") } // 这里可以做一些其他的事情 }- 1
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在这个例子中，我们定义了一个结构体User，它里面的FirstName和LastName字段后面并没有加tag标签进行校验，而是通过
UserStructLevelValidation这个校验，我们可以在这个里面灵活写一些校验规则，并把规则注册到此结构体。validate.RegisterStructValidation(UserStructLevelValidation, User{})- 1
运行上面代码，发现只有当FirstName和LastName两个字段都为空的时候才会触发单独注册到结构体里面的规则。
5 翻译和自定义错误
通过前面的几个例子发现，触发校验规则之后输出的原因是一个很长的字符串，看起来不是很直观，这里我们可以映射和自定义错误，编写下面代码：
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/go-playground/locales/en" ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator" "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" en_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/en" ) // User contains user information type User struct { FirstName string `validate:"required"` LastName string `validate:"required"` Age uint8 `validate:"gte=0,lte=130"` Email string `validate:"required,email"` FavouriteColor string `validate:"iscolor"` // alias for 'hexcolor|rgb|rgba|hsl|hsla' Addresses []*Address `validate:"required,dive,required"` // a person can have a home and cottage... } // Address houses a users address information type Address struct { Street string `validate:"required"` City string `validate:"required"` Planet string `validate:"required"` Phone string `validate:"required"` } // use a single instance , it caches struct info var ( uni *ut.UniversalTranslator validate *validator.Validate ) func main() { // NOTE: ommitting allot of error checking for brevity en := en.New() uni = ut.New(en, en) // this is usually know or extracted from http 'Accept-Language' header // also see uni.FindTranslator(...) trans, _ := uni.GetTranslator("en") validate = validator.New() en_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(validate, trans) translateAll(trans) translateIndividual(trans) translateOverride(trans) // yep you can specify your own in whatever locale you want! } func translateAll(trans ut.Translator) { type User struct { Username string `validate:"required"` Tagline string `validate:"required,lt=10"` Tagline2 string `validate:"required,gt=1"` } user := User{ Username: "", Tagline: "This tagline is way too long.", Tagline2: "1", } err := validate.Struct(user) if err != nil { // translate all error at once errs := err.(validator.ValidationErrors) // returns a map with key = namespace & value = translated error // NOTICE: 2 errors are returned and you'll see something surprising // translations are i18n aware!!!! // eg. '10 characters' vs '1 character' fmt.Println(errs.Translate(trans)) } } func translateIndividual(trans ut.Translator) { type User struct { Username string `validate:"required"` } var user User err := validate.Struct(user) if err != nil { errs := err.(validator.ValidationErrors) for _, e := range errs { // can translate each error one at a time. fmt.Println(e.Translate(trans)) } } } /** * 重写required输出 */ func translateOverride(trans ut.Translator) { validate.RegisterTranslation("required", trans, func(ut ut.Translator) error { return ut.Add("required", "{0} must have a value!", true) // see universal-translator for details }, func(ut ut.Translator, fe validator.FieldError) string { t, _ := ut.T("required", fe.Field()) return t }) type User struct { Username string `validate:"required"` } var user User err := validate.Struct(user) if err != nil { errs := err.(validator.ValidationErrors) for _, e := range errs { // can translate each error one at a time. fmt.Println(e.Translate(trans)) } } }- 1
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运行上面代码，可以在控制台看到，前两个案例是按照翻译后输出的，第三个测试案例的规则是按照自定义规则输出来的：
map[User.Tagline:Tagline must be less than 10 characters in length User.Tagline2:Tagline2 must be greater than 1 character in length User.Username:Username is a required field] Username is a required field Username must have a value!- 1
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6 国际化成中文
通过上部分的学习，我们已经可以翻译和自定义错误，如果觉得英文看起来还是不直观，可以国际化成中文，编写下面代码：
package main import ( "fmt" "net/http" "reflect" "strings" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding" "github.com/go-playground/locales/en" "github.com/go-playground/locales/zh" ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator" "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" en_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/en" zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh" ) var trans ut.Translator type LoginForm struct { User string `json:"user" binding:"required,min=3,max=10"` Password string `json:"password" binding:"required"` } type SignUpForm struct { Age uint8 `json:"age" binding:"gte=1,lte=130"` Name string `json:"name" binding:"required,min=3"` Email string `json:"email" binding:"required,email"` Password string `json:"password" binding:"required"` RePassword string `json:"re_password" binding:"required,eqfield=Password"` //跨字段 } func removeTopStruct(fileds map[string]string) map[string]string { rsp := map[string]string{} for field, err := range fileds { rsp[field[strings.Index(field, ".")+1:]] = err } return rsp } func InitTrans(locale string) (err error) { //修改gin框架中的validator引擎属性, 实现定制 if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok { //注册一个获取json的tag的自定义方法 v.RegisterTagNameFunc(func(fld reflect.StructField) string { name := strings.SplitN(fld.Tag.Get("json"), ",", 2)[0] if name == "-" { return "" } return name }) zhT := zh.New() //中文翻译器 enT := en.New() //英文翻译器 //第一个参数是备用的语言环境，后面的参数是应该支持的语言环境 uni := ut.New(enT, zhT, enT) trans, ok = uni.GetTranslator(locale) if !ok { return fmt.Errorf("uni.GetTranslator(%s)", locale) } switch locale { case "en": en_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(v, trans) case "zh": zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(v, trans) default: en_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(v, trans) } return } return } func main() { //代码侵入性很强 中间件 if err := InitTrans("zh"); err != nil { fmt.Println("初始化翻译器错误") return } router := gin.Default() router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) { var loginForm LoginForm if err := c.ShouldBind(&loginForm); err != nil { errs, ok := err.(validator.ValidationErrors) if !ok { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ "msg": err.Error(), }) return } c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{ "error": removeTopStruct(errs.Translate(trans)), }) return } c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ "msg": "登录成功", }) }) router.POST("/signup", func(c *gin.Context) { var signUpFrom SignUpForm if err := c.ShouldBind(&signUpFrom); err != nil { errs, ok := err.(validator.ValidationErrors) if !ok { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ "msg": err.Error(), }) return } c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{ "error": removeTopStruct(errs.Translate(trans)), }) return } c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ "msg": "注册成功", }) }) _ = router.Run(":8080") }- 1
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在上面的代码中，我们加上了中文部分。启动上面实例，分别调用两个接口，可以看到异常原因已经变成中文了：
![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-U489KRgL-1660124878923)(D:\developsoftware\mayun\note\study-note\go\images\image-20220810174338790.png)]](https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/08/14/121401626.png)
![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-ddujJ0PZ-1660124878933)(D:\developsoftware\mayun\note\study-note\go\images\image-20220810174517215.png)]](https://1000bd.com/contentImg/2022/08/14/121401810.png)
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36305027/article/details/126271410
