理解ssh服务的两种认证方式
掌握ssh服务的基本配置
掌握ssh服务客户端工具的使用
SSH是Linux下远程管理的工具,相比Telnet安全,运维人员必备的神器!
SSH的全称Secure Shell,安全的shell,是Client/Server架构,默认端口号为22,TCP/IP协议
SSH有v1和v2版本
ssh v1:有漏洞,容易受到攻击
ssh v2:通过公钥加密(数字签名和密钥交换)的方式进行,确保服务器端的身份识别
des 对称的公钥加密算法,安全低,数据传输速度快;使用同一个秘钥进行加密或解密
rsa 非对称的公钥加密算法,安全,数据传输速度慢 ,SSH默认的加密算法
补充了解:
DSA数字签名,非对称加密的另一种实现。
DSA-Digital Signature Algorithm 是Schnorr和ElGamal签名算法的变种。简单的说,这是一种更高级的验证方式,用作数字签名。不单单只有公钥、私钥,还有数字签名。私钥加密生成数字签名,公钥验证数据及签名。如果数据和签名不匹配则认为验证失败!数字签名的作用就是校验数据在传输过程中不被修改。

基于用户密码的认证
- [root@MissHou ~]# ssh 192.168.10.171
- The authenticity of host '192.168.10.171 (192.168.10.171)' can't be established.
- RSA key fingerprint is 9f:71:de:3c:86:25:dd:f0:06:78:ab:ba:96:5a:e4:95.
- Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
提示信息:无法确认主机192.168.10.171的真实性,指纹是9f:71:de:3c:86:25:dd:f0:06:78:ab:ba:96:5a:e4:95.,你确定想要继续吗?
说明: 理论上应该是对公钥的确认,由于公钥通过RSA算法加密,太长,不好直接比较,所以给公钥生成一个hash的指纹,方便比较。
- root@MissHou ~]# ssh 192.168.10.171
- The authenticity of host '192.168.10.171 (192.168.10.171)' can't be established.
- RSA key fingerprint is 9f:71:de:3c:86:25:dd:f0:06:78:ab:ba:96:5a:e4:95.
- Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
说明:
当客户端输入yes确认对方的公钥指纹后,server端的公钥就会被存放到客户机的用户家目录里~/.ssh/known_hosts文件中,下次再访问就直接通过密码登录,不需要再确认公钥。
- [root@client ~]# su - stu1
- [stu1@client ~]$ ssh 10.1.1.2
- The authenticity of host '10.1.1.2 (10.1.1.2)' can't be established.
- RSA key fingerprint is 9f:71:de:3c:86:25:dd:f0:06:78:ab:ba:96:5a:e4:95.
- Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
- Warning: Permanently added '10.1.1.2' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
- stu1@10.1.1.2's password:
部署环境:需要2台云服务器,这里我用的是3A网络的,非常适合小白,容器操作,可以随时更换ip地址。
基于秘钥对认证(免密码登录)——>重点掌握
需求:client端有一个用户user01,该用户使用root用户免密码登录server端
环境:
client:10.1.1.3
server:10.1.1.2
思路:
client端生成一对秘钥
将生成的公钥远程拷贝到server端
步骤:
client端的user01用户生成一对秘钥对
- [root@client ~]# useradd user01
- [root@client ~]# su - user01
- [user01@client ~]$ ls -a
- . .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc .emacs .gnome2 .mozilla
- [user01@client ~]$ ssh-keygen
- Generating public/private rsa key pair.
- Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user01/.ssh/id_rsa):
- Created directory '/home/user01/.ssh'.
- Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
- Enter same passphrase again:
- Your identification has been saved in /home/user01/.ssh/id_rsa.
将刚刚生成的公钥远程拷贝到server端的root家目录里指定位置
- [user01@client ~]$ scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@10.1.1.2:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
- 或者
- [user01@client ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@10.1.1.2 (推荐)
- The authenticity of host '10.1.1.2 (10.1.1.2)' can't be established.
- RSA key fingerprint is 9f:71:de:3c:86:25:dd:f0:06:78:ab:ba:96:5a:e4:95.
- Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
- Warning: Permanently added '10.1.1.2' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
- root@10.1.1.2's password:
测试验证
- [user01@client ~]$ ssh root@10.1.1.2
- Last login: Mon Apr 16 16:00:55 2018 from 10.1.1.1
- [root@server ~]#