中间件实现异常处理
在ASP.NET Core里,我们可以使用中间件(Middleware)实现全局的异常处理。 如内置的异常处理中间件 UseExceptionHandler
app.UseExceptionHandler(appError => { appError.Run(async context => { context.Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError; context.Response.ContentType = "application/json"; var contextFeature = context.Features.Get(); if (contextFeature != null) { logger.LogError($"Something went wrong: {contextFeature.Error}"); await context.Response.WriteAsync(new ErrorDetails() { StatusCode = context.Response.StatusCode, Message = "Internal Server Error." }.ToString()); } }); });
或者如下干脆完全自定义一个中间件
public class ExceptionMiddleware { private readonly RequestDelegate _next; private readonly ILoggerManager _logger; public ExceptionMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILoggerManager logger) { _logger = logger; _next = next; } public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext httpContext) { try { await _next(httpContext); } catch (Exception ex) { _logger.LogError($"Something went wrong: {ex}"); await HandleExceptionAsync(httpContext, ex); } } private async Task HandleExceptionAsync(HttpContext context, Exception exception) { context.Response.ContentType = "application/json"; context.Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError; await context.Response.WriteAsync(new ErrorDetails() { StatusCode = context.Response.StatusCode, Message = "Internal Server Error from the custom middleware." }.ToString()); } }
当然还可以使用过滤器(Filter)来实现,即IExceptionFilter, 这些都能很方便实现自定义的全局异常处理。
IExceptionHandler 实现异常处理
在.NET 8.0里,微软新引入的IExceptionHandler也可以实现同样的功能,看官方的异常处理文档,IExceptionHandler似乎已经是最推荐的异常处理方法。
在微软新开的项目里,IExceptionHandler正被广泛使用,比如Semantic Kernel

下面是官方文档给的一个简单例子
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics; namespace ErrorHandlingSample { public class CustomExceptionHandler : IExceptionHandler { private readonly ILogger logger; public CustomExceptionHandler(ILogger logger ) { this.logger = logger; } public ValueTask<bool> TryHandleAsync( HttpContext httpContext, Exception exception, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { var exceptionMessage = exception.Message; logger.LogError( "Error Message: {exceptionMessage}, Time of occurrence {time}", exceptionMessage, DateTime.UtcNow); // Return false to continue with the default behavior // - or - return true to signal that this exception is handled return ValueTask.FromResult(false); } } }
注册也很简单
builder.Services.AddExceptionHandler<CustomExceptionHandler>();
然而,坑来了,在按照文档实现完之后,你所期待的自定义异常处理并不会生效!这不是你的问题,你必须还要UseExceptionHandler并且添加一个空的lambda给它,必须是空的lambda,直接app.UseExceptionHandler()还没用,只有这样AddExceptionHandler才会生效 😃
app.UseExceptionHandler(o => { });
为什么会这样?请看这个issue https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore/issues/51888, 去年下半年就有人发现了,微软尝试去修复了https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore/pull/51898, 但是改动有breaking change被自己人给拒了,加上有上面提到的workaround,就一直搁置了。

虽然又不是不能用,但是看着难受,开头就介绍了,UseExceptionHandler是启用内置的异常处理中间件的方法,而AddExceptionHandler是用来注册.NET 8.0新引入的IExceptionHandler,这个workaround有点一言难尽...
最后
从这个神奇的workaround可以看出,IExceptionHandler这套其实本质也是用的中间件,看起来它的实现和现有的UseExceptionHandler有些冲突,导致注册的时候不伦不类,欢迎踊跃提交PR去fix,先到先得☺