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springcloud-网关(gateway)
springcloud-网关(gateway)
概述
\Spring Cloud Gateway旨在提供一种简单而有效的方式来路由到API，并为其提供跨领域的关注，如：安全、监控/指标和容错
常用术语
- Route（路由）: 网关的基本构件。它由一个ID、一个目的地URI、一个谓词（Predicate）集合和一个过滤器（Filter）集合定义。如果集合谓词为真，则路由被匹配。
- Predicate（谓词）: 这是一个 Java 8 Function Predicate。输入类型是 [Spring Framework ServerWebExchange]。这让你可以在HTTP请求中的任何内容上进行匹配，比如header或查询参数。
- Filter（过滤器）: 这些是 [GatewayFilter] 的实例，已经用特定工厂构建。在这里，你可以在发送下游请求之前或之后修改请求和响应。
网关工作原理
客户端向 Spring Cloud Gateway 发出请求。如果Gateway处理程序映射确定一个请求与路由相匹配，它将被发送到Gateway Web处理程序。这个处理程序通过一个特定于该请求的过滤器链来运行该请求。过滤器被分割的原因是，过滤器可以在代理请求发送之前和之后运行逻辑。所有的
"pre"（前）过滤器逻辑都被执行。然后发出代理请求。在代理请求发出后，"post"（后）过滤器逻辑被运行。
业务架构图
开发流程
引入依赖
gateway框架需要引入loadbalancer,否则在访问的时候会出现503异常。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancerartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gatewayartifactId> dependency>- 1
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bootstrap.yml配置
配置nacos
如果不需要nacos的配置，可以不引入nacos的config依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discoveryartifactId> dependency>- 1
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spring: application: name: ssc-cloud-gateway cloud: nacos: discovery: server-addr: 192.168.201.81:7777 namespace: ssc-cloud-id group: DEV register-enabled: true- 1
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配置gateway
spring: cloud: gateway: discovery: locator: enabled: true routes: - id : ssc-order-id #路由编号(自定义) # uri: https://www.bilibili.com/ #跳转地址(网页跳转)，lb--负载调整（微服务） uri: lb://ssc-cloud-older predicates: - Path=/ssc-older/** #url 的映射名称(让客户看到的) filters: - StripPrefix=1 - id: ssc-paycenter-id #路由编号(自定义) uri: lb://ssc-cloud-paycenter predicates: - Path=/ssc-pay/** filters: - StripPrefix=1- 1
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路由配置规则
序号 名称 解释 1 id ⾃定义的路由 ID，保持唯⼀ 2 uri 目标服务地址：以lb:// 开头则表示要去向的微服务名称 3 predicates 路由条件 4 Filter（过滤器） 过滤器是路由转发请求时所经过的过滤逻辑，可⽤于修改请求、响应内容。 predicates断言条件
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Path
实例: - Path=/ssc-older/
routes: - id : ssc-older-id uri: lb://ssc-cloud-older predicates: - Path=/ssc-older/**- 1
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解释: 当请求的路径为ssc-older开头的时，转发到ssc-cloud-older微服服务器上，ssc-cloud-older是navcos中微服务注册的名称。
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Before
- Before=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[Asia/Shanghai]
在某个时间之前的请求才会被转发到 http://localhost:9001 服务器上
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After
- After=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789- 07:00[Asia/Shanghai]
在某个时间之后的请求才会被转发
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Between
- Between=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[Asia/Shanghai],
2017-01- 21T17:42:47.789-07:00[Asia/Shanghai]
在某个时间段之间的才会被转发
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Cookie
- Cookie=sesionId,ssc-test
名为ss-old的表单或者满⾜正则old的表单才会被匹配到 进⾏请求转发
routes: - id : ssc-older-id uri: lb://ssc-cloud-older predicates: - Cookie=sesionId,ssc-test- 1
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Header
- Header=X-Request-Id
携带参数X-Request-Id的请求头才会匹配
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Host
- Host=www.ssc.older.com
当主机名为www.ssc.older.com的时候直接转发到指定服务器。
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Method
- Method=GET
只有GET⽅法才会匹配转发请求，还可以限定POST、PUT等。
routes: - id : ssc-older-id uri: lb://ssc-cloud-older predicates: - Method=GET,POST- 1
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过滤器规则
过滤规则 实例 说明 PrefixPath - PrefixPath=/app 在请求路径前加上app PrefixPath - PrefixPath=/app 在请求路径前加上app SetPath SetPath=/app/{path} 通过模板设置路径，转发的规则时会在路径前增加 app，{path}表示原请求路径 RedirectTo 重定向 RemoveRequestHea 去掉某个请求头信息\1. PrefixPath StripPrefix Path=/ssc-pay/** 去掉ssc-pay才是真实路径 网关的案例
使用网关进行用户鉴权过滤。
鉴权微服务
api模块
api模块为外界提供接口(openfeign调用),为网关调用需要基于reactor开发。
pom
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authoritygroupId> <artifactId>ssc-cloud-authorityartifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> parent> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.apigroupId> <artifactId>ssc-cloud-authority-apiartifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.playtika.reactivefeigngroupId> <artifactId>feign-reactor-webclientartifactId> <version>3.0.3version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.playtika.reactivefeigngroupId> <artifactId>feign-reactor-cloudartifactId> <version>3.0.3version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.playtika.reactivefeigngroupId> <artifactId>feign-reactor-spring-configurationartifactId> <version>3.0.3version> dependency> dependencies> project>- 1
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openfeign接口
@ReactiveFeignClient(value = "ssc-cloud-authority",url = "http://localhost:12121") public interface IAuthorityFeign { @GetMapping("/api/authority/login") Mono<HttpResp> login(@RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestParam("password") String password); @PostMapping("/api/authority/verifyToken") Mono<HttpResp> verifyToken(String token); }- 1
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业务接口(sevice)
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authoritygroupId> <artifactId>ssc-cloud-authorityartifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> parent> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.servicegroupId> <artifactId>ssc-cloud-authority-serviceartifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.springcloudgroupId> <artifactId>ssc-cloud-springcloudartifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.xiaoymingroupId> <artifactId>knife4j-openapi2-spring-boot-starterartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>ssc-cloud-toolsartifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>ssc-cloud-ssmartifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redisartifactId> dependency> dependencies> project>- 1
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配置
bootstrap.yml
spring: cloud: nacos: config: server-addr: ${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr} namespace: ${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace} file-extension: yaml extension-configs: - data-id: db_ssc.yaml group: DEV refresh: true - data-id: redis.yaml group: DEV refresh: true discovery: server-addr: 192.168.201.107 namespace: ssc-cloud-id group: DEV application: name: ssc-cloud-authority- 1
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application
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application-dev.yml
server: port: 12121 knife4j: enable: true logging: level: com.wnhz: debug- 1
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application.yml
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启动类
@EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication public class AuthorityApp { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AuthorityApp.class); } }- 1
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dao
@Mapper public interface ILoginDao extends BaseMapper<Login> { }- 1
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异常
/** * 鉴权异常 */ public class AuthorityException extends RuntimeException{ public AuthorityException(String message) { super(message); } }- 1
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/** * 用户名或密码错误异常 */ public class BadCredentialsException extends AuthorityException{ public BadCredentialsException(String message) { super(message); } }- 1
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service
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接口
public interface ILoginService { Login loginCheck(String username, String password); List<Login> findByUsername(String username); }- 1
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实现类
package com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.service.impl; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.LambdaQueryWrapper; import com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.dao.ILoginDao; import com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.exception.BadCredentialsException; import com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.exception.UsernameEmptyException; import com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.exception.UsernameNotFoundException; import com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.service.ILoginService; import com.wnhz.ssc.domain.entity.po.Login; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import java.util.List; import java.util.Objects; @Service public class LoginServiceImpl implements ILoginService { @Autowired private ILoginDao loginDao; @Override public Login loginCheck(String username, String password) { if (!StringUtils.hasText(username)) throw new UsernameEmptyException("用户名为空异常"); LambdaQueryWrapper<Login> lambdaQueryWrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>(); lambdaQueryWrapper.eq(Login::getUsername, username); List<Login> logins = findByUsername(username); Login login = logins.stream() .filter(lg -> username.equals(lg.getUsername())).findFirst().get(); if (Objects.isNull(login)) throw new BadCredentialsException("用户名|密码错误"); return login; } /** * 判读用户名是否存在 * @param username 用户名 * @return 所有查询服务用户名的用户集合 */ @Override public List<Login> findByUsername(String username) { List<Login> logins = loginDao.selectList(new LambdaQueryWrapper<Login>().eq(Login::getUsername, username)); if (Objects.isNull(logins) || logins.isEmpty()) throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户名不存在异常"); return logins; } }- 1
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controller
package com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.controller; import com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.service.ILoginService; import com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.tools.exception.jwt.JwtException; import com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.tools.exception.jwt.JwtExpiredException; import com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.tools.jwt.JwtUtil; import com.wnhz.ssc.common.result.HttpResp; import com.wnhz.ssc.domain.entity.po.Login; import io.swagger.annotations.Api; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import reactor.core.publisher.Mono; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Objects; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; @Api(tags = "鉴权模块api") @RestController @RequestMapping("/api/authority") @Slf4j public class AuthorityController { @Autowired private ILoginService loginService; @Autowired private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate; private final String REDIS_PREFIX="token:"; /** * 用户登录 * * @param username * @param password * @return */ @ApiOperation(value = "login", notes = "用户登录验证") @GetMapping("/login") public HttpResp login(String username, String password) { try { Login login = loginService.loginCheck(username, password); log.debug("用户名登录成功:{}",login); Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("username", username); String token = JwtUtil.getInstance().creatToken( map, 1000 * 30, login.getSign()); stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(REDIS_PREFIX+token, login.getSign(), 10, TimeUnit.MINUTES); log.debug("token产生成功，并存入redis中:{}",token); return HttpResp.success(new String[]{"ssc_login_token", token}); } catch (Exception e) { return HttpResp.failed(e.getMessage()); } } /** * 验证token * * @param token * @return */ @ApiOperation(value = "verifyToken", notes = "token验证") @GetMapping("/verifyToken") public Mono<HttpResp> verifyToken(String token) { String sign = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(REDIS_PREFIX+token); log.debug("从redis中获取token的值: {}", sign); if (Objects.isNull(sign)) { return Mono.just(HttpResp.failed("token不存在")); } try { JwtUtil.getInstance().verifyToken(token, sign); return Mono.just(HttpResp.success("token验证成功")); } catch (JwtExpiredException e) {//token已过期,判断是否续期 return refreshToken(token, sign); } catch (JwtException e) { return Mono.just(HttpResp.failed(e.getMessage())); } } private Mono<HttpResp> refreshToken(String originalToken, String sign) { Long expireLeftTime = stringRedisTemplate.getExpire(REDIS_PREFIX+originalToken); log.debug("redis中token剩余时间:{}", expireLeftTime); if (expireLeftTime > 0) {//token续期 String newToken = JwtUtil.getInstance().cloneToken(originalToken, expireLeftTime); stringRedisTemplate.delete(REDIS_PREFIX+originalToken); stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(REDIS_PREFIX+newToken, sign); log.debug("新token产生成功，续期完成，token==> {}",newToken); return Mono.just(HttpResp.success(new String[]{"ssc_login_token", newToken})); } //token已经过期，redis也过期 return Mono.just(HttpResp.failed("token已经过期")); } }- 1
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全局网关
负责对鉴权控制
pom
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>wnhz-ssc-cloudartifactId> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloudgroupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.gatewaygroupId> <artifactId>ssc-cloud-gatewayartifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.springcloudgroupId> <artifactId>ssc-cloud-springcloudartifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.commongroupId> <artifactId>ssc-cloud-commonartifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gatewayartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.playtika.reactivefeigngroupId> <artifactId>feign-reactor-spring-configurationartifactId> <version>3.0.3version> <scope>compilescope> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.apigroupId> <artifactId>ssc-cloud-authority-apiartifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> dependency> dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId> <configuration> <outputDirectory>../outoutputDirectory> configuration> plugin> plugins> build> project>- 1
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配置
bootstrap.yml
spring: main: web-application-type: reactive application: name: ssc-cloud-gateway cloud: nacos: discovery: server-addr: 192.168.201.81:7777 namespace: ssc-cloud-id group: DEV register-enabled: true config: enabled: off gateway: discovery: locator: enabled: true routes: - id : ssc-order-id #路由编号(自定义) # uri: https://www.bilibili.com/ #跳转地址(网页跳转)，lb--负载调整（微服务） uri: lb://ssc-cloud-older predicates: - Path=/ssc-older/** #url 的映射名称(让客户看到的) filters: - StripPrefix=1 - id: ssc-paycenter-id #路由编号(自定义) uri: lb://ssc-cloud-paycenter predicates: - Path=/ssc-pay/** filters: - StripPrefix=1 - id: ssc-authority-id #路由编号(自定义) uri: lb://ssc-cloud-authority predicates: - Path=/ssc-auth/** filters: - StripPrefix=1- 1
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全局过滤器
package com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.gateway.filter; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.feign.IAuthorityFeign; import com.wnhz.ssc.common.result.HttpResp; import com.wnhz.ssc.common.result.RespCode; import lombok.SneakyThrows; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain; import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter; import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.NettyWriteResponseFilter; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy; import org.springframework.core.Ordered; import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest; import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange; import reactor.core.publisher.Mono; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import java.util.List; import java.util.Objects; @Component @Slf4j public class SscGlobalGatewayFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered { @Lazy @Autowired private IAuthorityFeign authorityFeign; private final String LOGIN_TOKEN="ssc_login_token"; @SneakyThrows @Override public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) { ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest(); ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse(); log.debug("我进入过滤中....."); ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); DataBuffer dataBuffer = null; String requestURI =request.getURI().getPath() ; log.debug("请求uri:{}",requestURI); if(requestURI.endsWith("/authority/login")){//客户访问登录业务，直接跳转验证 return chain.filter(exchange); } //1. Token不存在，客户未登录状态访问系统 if(!isLogin(request)) {//如果客户没有登录 log.debug("客户还没有登录,重定向到登录(baidu)页面"); String redirectUrl = "https://www.baidu.com"; log.debug("将客户请求重定向到指定页面: {}", redirectUrl); response.getHeaders().set(HttpHeaders.LOCATION, redirectUrl); //303状态码表示由于请求对应的资源存在着另一个URI，应使用GET方法定向获取请求的资源 response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.SEE_OTHER); response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8"); return response.setComplete(); } //2. token存在，调用验证微服务验证token是否有效 String token = getToken(request); HttpResp block = authorityFeign.verifyToken(token).block(); if(block.getCode()== RespCode.FAILED.getCode()){ //token验证失败 response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8"); dataBuffer = response.bufferFactory().wrap( objectMapper.writeValueAsString( block) .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); return response.writeWith(Mono.just(dataBuffer)); } return chain.filter(exchange); } @Override public int getOrder() { return NettyWriteResponseFilter.WRITE_RESPONSE_FILTER_ORDER - 1; } /** * 客户未登录，没有token * @param request * @return */ private boolean isLogin(ServerHttpRequest request){ HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders(); log.debug("header===> {}", headers); List<String> loginToken = headers.get(LOGIN_TOKEN); if(Objects.nonNull(loginToken)){ return true; } return false; } /** * 从请求中获取token * @param request */ private String getToken(ServerHttpRequest request){ HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders(); log.debug("header===> {}", headers); List<String> tokens = headers.get(LOGIN_TOKEN); String token = tokens.get(0); return token; } }- 1
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启动类
package com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.gateway; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import reactivefeign.spring.config.EnableReactiveFeignClients; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableReactiveFeignClients(basePackages = "com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.feign") public class GatewayApp { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(GatewayApp.class); } }- 1
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HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders(); log.debug("header===> {}", headers); Listtokens = headers.get(LOGIN_TOKEN); String token = tokens.get(0); return token; } - 1
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}
### 启动类 ```java package com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.gateway; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import reactivefeign.spring.config.EnableReactiveFeignClients; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableReactiveFeignClients(basePackages = "com.wnhz.ssc.cloud.authority.feign") public class GatewayApp { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(GatewayApp.class); } }- 1
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36115196/article/details/136195696
