• 温故知新:探究Android UI 绘制刷新流程


    一、说明:

    1. 基于之前的了解知道ui的绘制最终会走到AndroidViewRootImplscheduleTraversals进行发送接收vsync信号绘制,在ViewRootImpl中还会进行主线程检测,也就是我们所谓子线程更新ui会抛出异常

    2. 像我们常用的刷新ui,invalidate,requestLayout方法,(按我之前的理解在ViewRootImpl初始化添加后,在子线程中刷新ui一定会崩溃:如下图)

    二、问题:invalidate一定会导致异常崩溃?

    2.1、例子:子线程更新TextView文本(注意这里是TextView,为什么是它而不是ImageView,因为我的背景就是使用的TextView,使用它的时候发现了invalidate,requestLayout方法的区别 )

    某天我在onResume中利用子线程更新了TextView的一段代码,发现并没有抛出异常崩溃,代码如下:

     override fun onResume() {
            super.onResume()
            mBind.btTest.setOnClickListener{
                lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
                    mBind.btTest.text = "子线程点击改变:${Thread.currentThread().name}"
                }
            }
        }
    
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    我在想为什么呢?,看代码: 一步步debug:TextView控件中:

    1.、
    public final void setText(CharSequence text) {
        setText(text, mBufferType);
    }
    2.、
    public void setText(CharSequence text, BufferType type) {
        setText(text, type, true, 0);
    
        if (mCharWrapper != null) {
            mCharWrapper.mChars = null;
        }
    }
    3.、
    private void setText(CharSequence text, BufferType type,
                         boolean notifyBefore, int oldlen) {
         ...省略
        if (mLayout != null) {
            checkForRelayout();
        }
        ...省略
        
    }
    
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    以上主要看第三步中的 checkForRelayout()检测是否需要重绘,方法如下

    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    private void checkForRelayout() {
        // If we have a fixed width, we can just swap in a new text layout
        // if the text height stays the same or if the view height is fixed.
    
        if ((mLayoutParams.width != LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT
                || (mMaxWidthMode == mMinWidthMode && mMaxWidth == mMinWidth))
                && (mHint == null || mHintLayout != null)
                && (mRight - mLeft - getCompoundPaddingLeft() - getCompoundPaddingRight() > 0)) {
            // Static width, so try making a new text layout.
    
            int oldht = mLayout.getHeight();
            int want = mLayout.getWidth();
            int hintWant = mHintLayout == null ? 0 : mHintLayout.getWidth();
    
            /*
             * No need to bring the text into view, since the size is not
             * changing (unless we do the requestLayout(), in which case it
             * will happen at measure).
             */
            makeNewLayout(want, hintWant, UNKNOWN_BORING, UNKNOWN_BORING,
                          mRight - mLeft - getCompoundPaddingLeft() - getCompoundPaddingRight(),
                          false);
            
            //1.检测文本的显示类型,就是我们的过长省略号这种
            if (mEllipsize != TextUtils.TruncateAt.MARQUEE) {
                // In a fixed-height view, so use our new text layout.
                if (mLayoutParams.height != LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT
                        && mLayoutParams.height != LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    autoSizeText();
                    invalidate();
                    return;
                }
    
                // Dynamic height, but height has stayed the same,
                // so use our new text layout.
                if (mLayout.getHeight() == oldht
                        && (mHintLayout == null || mHintLayout.getHeight() == oldht)) {
                    autoSizeText();
                    invalidate();
                    return;
                }
            }
    
            // We lose: the height has changed and we have a dynamic height.
            // Request a new view layout using our new text layout.
            requestLayout();
            invalidate();
        } else {
            // Dynamic width, so we have no choice but to request a new
            // view layout with a new text layout.
            nullLayouts();
            requestLayout();
            invalidate();
        }
    }
    
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    从上面的checkForRelayout()方法中的if (mEllipsize != TextUtils.TruncateAt.MARQUEE)条件知道成立,因为我们没有设置过mEllipsize = 跑马灯效果,所以走了invalidate()方法然后直接return截断,不会走后面的requestLayout()方法,至于requestLayout() 与 invalidate()的区别我就不讲了

    2.2、分析requestLayout方法

    基于之前的知识我知道调用requestLayout()方法会崩溃,至于为什么调用requestLayout()方法会崩溃?

    我们先看requestLayout()方法,暂停一会invalidate()的跟进

    requestLayout()方法代码如下:

    public void requestLayout() {
        if (mMeasureCache != null) mMeasureCache.clear();
    
        if (mAttachInfo != null && mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout == null) {
            // Only trigger request-during-layout logic if this is the view requesting it,
            // not the views in its parent hierarchy
            ViewRootImpl viewRoot = getViewRootImpl();
            if (viewRoot != null && viewRoot.isInLayout()) {
                if (!viewRoot.requestLayoutDuringLayout(this)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout = this;
        }
    
        mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
        mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_INVALIDATED;
    
        if (mParent != null && !mParent.isLayoutRequested()) {
            mParent.requestLayout();
        }
        if (mAttachInfo != null && mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout == this) {
            mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout = null;
        }
    }
    
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    requestLayout()方法中会循环递归调用 mParent.requestLayout()方法,直到找到ViewRootImpl中的requestLayout()方法,而它的方法做了线程检测如下图:这就是requestLayout()方法会崩溃的原因。

    验证猜想:TextView设置跑马灯属性,使上面的if (mEllipsize != TextUtils.TruncateAt.MARQUEE)不成立,走下面的requestLayout()方法,代码如下:

     override fun onResume() {
            super.onResume()
            mBind.btTest.ellipsize = TextUtils.TruncateAt.valueOf("MARQUEE")
            mBind.btTest.setOnClickListener{
                lifecycleScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
                    mBind.btTest.text = "子线程点击改变:${Thread.currentThread().name}"
                }
            }
        }
    
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    果然点击后崩溃:

    2.3、继续分析invalidate()方法,为什么不会导致textview的更新崩溃

    看代码在View.java文件中

    public void invalidate() {
        invalidate(true);
    }
    
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    public void invalidate(boolean invalidateCache) {
        invalidateInternal(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop, invalidateCache, true);
    }
    
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    void invalidateInternal(int l, int t, int r, int b, boolean invalidateCache,
            boolean fullInvalidate) {
        if (mGhostView != null) {
            mGhostView.invalidate(true);
            return;
        }
    
        if (skipInvalidate()) {
            return;
        }
    
        // Reset content capture caches
        mPrivateFlags4 &= ~PFLAG4_CONTENT_CAPTURE_IMPORTANCE_MASK;
        mContentCaptureSessionCached = false;
    
        if ((mPrivateFlags & (PFLAG_DRAWN | PFLAG_HAS_BOUNDS)) == (PFLAG_DRAWN | PFLAG_HAS_BOUNDS)
                || (invalidateCache && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_DRAWING_CACHE_VALID) == PFLAG_DRAWING_CACHE_VALID)
                || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_INVALIDATED) != PFLAG_INVALIDATED
                || (fullInvalidate && isOpaque() != mLastIsOpaque)) {
            if (fullInvalidate) {
                mLastIsOpaque = isOpaque();
                mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DRAWN;
            }
    
            mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_DIRTY;
    
            if (invalidateCache) {
                mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_INVALIDATED;
                mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DRAWING_CACHE_VALID;
            }
    
            // Propagate the damage rectangle to the parent view.
            final AttachInfo ai = mAttachInfo;
            final ViewParent p = mParent;
            if (p != null && ai != null && l < r && t < b) {
                final Rect damage = ai.mTmpInvalRect;
                damage.set(l, t, r, b);
                p.invalidateChild(this, damage);
            }
    
            // Damage the entire projection receiver, if necessary.
            if (mBackground != null && mBackground.isProjected()) {
                final View receiver = getProjectionReceiver();
                if (receiver != null) {
                    receiver.damageInParent();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
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    核心代码是上面第三段invalidateInternal方法中的invalidateChild方法

    它回调到ViewGroup中的invalidateChild方法

    看:invalidateChild如下图:我们知道

    if (attachInfo != null && attachInfo.mHardwareAccelerated) 条件成立attachInfo不为空 ,且硬件加速被开启(从API 14 (3.0)起。硬件加速默认开启)。 attachInfo 是一个view在attach至其父window被赋值的一系列信息。

    所以条件成立后走的onDescendantInvalidated方法 如下:

    @CallSuper
    public void onDescendantInvalidated(@NonNull View child, @NonNull View target) {
        /*
         * HW-only, Rect-ignoring damage codepath
         *
         * We don't deal with rectangles here, since RenderThread native code computes damage for
         * everything drawn by HWUI (and SW layer / drawing cache doesn't keep track of damage area)
         */
    
        // if set, combine the animation flag into the parent
        mPrivateFlags |= (target.mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_DRAW_ANIMATION);
    
        if ((target.mPrivateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) != 0) {
            // We lazily use PFLAG_DIRTY, since computing opaque isn't worth the potential
            // optimization in provides in a DisplayList world.
            mPrivateFlags = (mPrivateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DIRTY;
    
            // simplified invalidateChildInParent behavior: clear cache validity to be safe...
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DRAWING_CACHE_VALID;
        }
    
        // ... and mark inval if in software layer that needs to repaint (hw handled in native)
        if (mLayerType == LAYER_TYPE_SOFTWARE) {
            // Layered parents should be invalidated. Escalate to a full invalidate (and note that
            // we do this after consuming any relevant flags from the originating descendant)
            mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_INVALIDATED | PFLAG_DIRTY;
            target = this;
        }
    
        if (mParent != null) {
            mParent.onDescendantInvalidated(this, target);
        }
    }
    
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    上面一段代码核心是 mParent.onDescendantInvalidated(this, target); 类似于requestLayout()方法 onDescendantInvalidated中会循环递归调用 mParent.onDescendantInvalidated(this, target);方法,直到找到ViewRootImpl中的onDescendantInvalidated(this, target)方法,而它的方法没做线程检测如下图:这就是开了硬件加速后invalidate方法不会崩溃的原因。如下图:直接走scheduleTraversals绘制刷新有兴趣可看:

    而关闭硬件加速后会怎样呢? 继续看invalidateChild方法

    @Deprecated
    @Override
    public final void invalidateChild(View child, final Rect dirty) {
        final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
        if (attachInfo != null && attachInfo.mHardwareAccelerated) {
            // HW accelerated fast path
            onDescendantInvalidated(child, child);
            return;
        }
    
        ViewParent parent = this;
        if (attachInfo != null) {
         
           ...
    
            do {
                 ....
                parent = parent.invalidateChildInParent(location, dirty);
                   
                ....
            } while (parent != null);
        }
    }
    
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    上面一段核心是 parent = parent.invalidateChildInParent(location, dirty);方法 同理while循环不停调用 invalidateChildInParent方法直到找到ViewRootImpl中的invalidateChildInParent(int[] location, Rect dirty)方法,如下图内部进行了线程检测

    **验证猜想关闭硬件加速:android:hardwareAccelerated="false"**果然崩溃了。

    三、总结

    这就是我遇到的问题:单纯的根据TextView在子线程可以更新得出的结论,总的来说要想不崩溃还得绕过ViewRootImpl中的checkThread的检测。至于研究它有什么用,只有知道理解源码的流程,才能写出更好的东西。

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  • 原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/maniuT/article/details/134313775