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nginx测试rewrite
nginx测试rewrite
last :相当于 Apache 里的(L)标记，表示完成rewrite 匹配; break: 本条规则匹配完成后，终止匹配，不再匹配后面的规则。 # 其中last 和 break 用来实现 URL 重写时，浏览器地址栏URL 地址不变 redirect: 返回 302 临时重定向，浏览器地址会显示跳转后的 URL 地址。 permanent: 返回 301永久重定向，浏览器地址栏会显示跳转后的URL 地址 #不配置将显示304- 1
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[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install gcc make pcre-devel openssl-devel [root@node1 ~]# tar xf nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz [root@node1 ~]# cd nginx-1.22.1/ [root@node1 nginx-1.22.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --with-http_ssl_module [root@node1 nginx-1.22.1]# make && make install [root@node1 nginx-1.22.1]# useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin [root@node1 nginx-1.22.1]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx- 1
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[root@node1 nginx-1.22.1]# cd /usr/local/nginx/ [root@node1 nginx]# mkdir html/static [root@node1 nginx]# echo "html/static/index.html">html/static/index.html [root@node1 nginx]# echo "html/static/node1.html">html/static/node1.html #访问显示 http://www.myweb.com/static/ --> html/static/index.html http://www.myweb.com/static/test.html --> html/static/test.html http://www.myweb.com/forum.php --> 404 Not Found- 1
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last :相当于 Apache 里的L)标记，表示完成rewrite 匹配;
break: 本条规则匹配完成后，终止匹配，不再匹配后面的规则。
redirect: 返回 302 临时重定向，浏览器地址会显示跳转后的URL 地址。
permanent: 返回301永久重定向，浏览器地址栏会显示跳转后的 URL 地址。
其中 last 和 break 用来实现 URL 重写时，浏览器地址栏URL 地址不变。
#访问 http://www.myweb.com/forum.php -跳转-> html/static/test.html server { listen 80; server_name www.myweb.com; # 本地目录重写 # 状态码304 地址栏不变化 http://www.myweb.com/forum.php rewrite ^/forum.php$ /static/node1.html last; # 状态码304 地址栏不变化 http://www.myweb.com/forum.php rewrite ^/forum.php$ /static/node1.html break; # 状态码301 地址栏变为http://www.myweb.com/static/test.html rewrite ^/forum.php$ /static/test.html permanent; # 状态码302 地址栏变为http://www.myweb.com/static/test.html rewrite ^/forum.php$ http://www.myweb.com/static/test.html last; #本站 url跳转 url地址栏变化， last、break、redirect都是302 # 状态码302 地址栏变为http://www.myweb.com/static/test.html rewrite ^/forum.php$ http://www.myweb.com/static/test.html last; #forum.php状态码301 地址栏变为http://www.myweb.com/static/test.html rewrite ^/forum.php$ http://www.myweb.com/static/test.html permanent; # 跳百度 # forum.php状态码302 地址栏变为 http://www.baidu.com rewrite ^/forum.php$ http://www.baidu.com break; # last、redirect也是302 #forum.php状态码301 地址栏变为 http://www.baidu.com rewrite ^/forum.php$ http://www.baidu.com permanent; location / {... 浏览器Disable cache 访问- 1
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location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ { root html; # 绝对路径也可以完成访问 /usr/local/nginx/html; }- 1
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[root@node1 baidu]# wget -r -x http://fjxplz.com/1004.html [root@node1 html] mkdir weihu [root@node1 html]# echo "维护中...">weihu/index.html # http://www.myweb.com 维护 server { listen 80; server_name www.myweb.com; # 3、最终还是跳到维护页面 rewrite ^/forum.php$ http://www.myweb.com/static/test.html permanent ; # 2、加了rewrite后跳转，跟下面的location的上下顺序影响 rewrite ^/(.*)$ /weihu/index.html last; # 所有页都跳维护页 rewrite ^/$ /weihu/index.html last; # 根页跳到维护页 #rewrite ^/(.*)$ /weihu/index.html last; # 1、不加上面的rewrite时，默认首页 location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ { # location / { 与上面一样 root html; # 绝对路径也可以完成访问 /usr/local/nginx/html; } # 3、最终还是跳到维护页面 http://www.myweb.com/forum.php--》static --》2 /weihu/ 192.168.1.11 - - "GET /forum.php HTTP/1.1" 301 169 "-" "Wget/1.14 (linux-gnu)" 192.168.1.11 - - "GET /static/test.html HTTP/1.1" 200 13 "-" "Wget/1.14 (linux-gnu)"- 1
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server { listen 80; server_name www.myweb.com; # 一直会301跳转，看日志或者wget看下过程 rewrite ^/(.*)$ /weihu/index.html permanent; # wget下或者看日志 # 传递参数 rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com/$1 permanent; # myweb.com 跳转到baidu if ($host = 'myweb.com') { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.myweb.com/$1 permanent; }- 1
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wget 查看
[root@node1 conf]# wget myweb.com --2023-10-21 17:32:25-- http://myweb.com/ Resolving myweb.com (myweb.com)... 192.168.1.11 Connecting to myweb.com (myweb.com)|192.168.1.11|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently # permanent Location: http://www.myweb.com/ [following] --2023-10-21 17:32:25-- http://www.myweb.com/ # 跳转后的 Resolving www.myweb.com (www.myweb.com)... 192.168.1.11 Reusing existing connection to myweb.com:80. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 13 [text/html] Saving to: ‘index.html.2’ # myweb.com 跳转到www.myweb.com if ($host = 'myweb.com') { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.myweb.com/$1 last; # last不是上面的permanent } [root@node1 conf]# wget myweb.com --2023-10-21 17:30:57-- http://myweb.com/ Resolving myweb.com (myweb.com)... 192.168.1.11 Connecting to myweb.com (myweb.com)|192.168.1.11|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily #302 last Location: http://www.myweb.com/ [following] --2023-10-21 17:30:57-- http://www.myweb.com/ # 跳转后的 Resolving www.myweb.com (www.myweb.com)... 192.168.1.11 Reusing existing connection to myweb.com:80. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 13 [text/html] Saving to: ‘index.html.1’- 1
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多种域名跳转
# 多种域名跳转 if ($host != 'myweb.com'){ rewrite ^/(.*)s http://www.myweb.com/$1 permanent; } # 不存在的页面跳转 if ( !-e $request_filename){ rewrite ^/(.*)$ /weihu/index.html last; } # 火狐浏览器跳转 if ($http_user_agent ~ firefox) { rewrite ^/index.html$ /firefox/index.html; }- 1
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Nginx：Rewrite跳转+正则表达式+6个生产案列！内容过于真实
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_48190891/article/details/108532802
Nginx rewrite常用全局变量详细介绍
https://blog.csdn.net/Blue92120/article/details/129003292
upstream lmsManagerAuth-backend { server 7.180.171.42:8100 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s; } location ~ ^/edx/lmsManagerAuth/api/datacenter/.*{ rewrite /edx/lmsManagerAuth/(.*) /$1 break; #截取保留重写为api/datacenter/.* proxy_pass http://lmsManagerAuth-backend;- 1
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www.myweb.com.zh www.myweb.com/zh www.myweb.com.en www.myweb.com/en 在原来的配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf的http{}内末尾处加一句： include /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; [root@node1 nginx]# mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/ [root@node1 nginx]# vim conf.d/www.myng.com.conf server { listen 80; server_name www.myng.com; location / { root /code; index index.html; } [root@node1 nginx]# mkdir -p /code/{zh,en} [root@node1 nginx]# echo zh>/code/zh/index.html [root@node1 nginx]# echo en>/code/en/index.html [root@node1 nginx]# echo code>/code/index.html [root@node1 html]# curl www.myng.com code [root@node1 html]# curl www.myng.com/en/ en [root@node1 html]# curl www.myng.com/zh/ #浏览器里默认加/ zh server { listen 80; server_name www.myng.com.zh www.myng.com.en; root /code; index index.html; location / { if ($http_host ~* 'zh'){ #$http_host 请求的host的 #$http_accept_language 浏览器请求头里的语言标识 #$http_user_agent ~* "iphone|ipad|androaid" 基于agent set $language zh; } if ($http_host ~* 'en'){ set $language en; } rewrite ^/$ http://www.myng.com/$language redirect; }- 1
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http://www.myng.com.zh/ --跳转--> http://www.myng.com/zh/- 1
curl -Lv
[root@node1 html]# curl -Lv www.myng.com.zh #会自动重定向后边指定的网址 * About to connect() to www.myng.com.zh port 80 (#0) * Trying 192.168.1.11... * Connected to www.myng.com.zh (192.168.1.11) port 80 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0 > Host: www.myng.com.zh > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily < Server: nginx/1.22.1 < Date: Sun, 22 Oct 2023 12:53:43 GMT < Content-Type: text/html < Content-Length: 145 < Connection: keep-alive < Location: http://www.myng.com/zh < * Ignoring the response-body * Connection #0 to host www.myng.com.zh left intact * Issue another request to this URL: 'http://www.myng.com/zh' * About to connect() to www.myng.com port 80 (#1) * Trying 192.168.1.11... * Connected to www.myng.com (192.168.1.11) port 80 (#1) > GET /zh HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0 > Host: www.myng.com > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently < Server: nginx/1.22.1 < Date: Sun, 22 Oct 2023 12:53:43 GMT < Content-Type: text/html < Content-Length: 169 < Location: http://www.myng.com/zh/ < Connection: keep-alive < * Ignoring the response-body * Connection #1 to host www.myng.com left intact * Issue another request to this URL: 'http://www.myng.com/zh/' * Found bundle for host www.myng.com: 0x2014450 * Re-using existing connection! (#1) with host www.myng.com * Connected to www.myng.com (192.168.1.11) port 80 (#1) > GET /zh/ HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0 > Host: www.myng.com > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Server: nginx/1.22.1 < Date: Sun, 22 Oct 2023 12:53:43 GMT < Content-Type: text/html < Content-Length: 3 < Last-Modified: Sun, 22 Oct 2023 11:48:01 GMT < Connection: keep-alive < ETag: "65350bf1-3" < Accept-Ranges: bytes < zh * Connection #1 to host www.myng.com left intact- 1
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# 不加-L选项的 [root@node1 html]# curl -v www.myng.com.zh * About to connect() to www.myng.com.zh port 80 (#0) * Trying 192.168.1.11... * Connected to www.myng.com.zh (192.168.1.11) port 80 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0 > Host: www.myng.com.zh > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily < Server: nginx/1.22.1 < Date: Sun, 22 Oct 2023 12:54:30 GMT < Content-Type: text/html < Content-Length: 145 < Connection: keep-alive < Location: http://www.myng.com/zh <302 Found 302 Found
nginx/1.22.1 * Connection #0 to host www.myng.com.zh left intact- 1
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根据浏览器，agent跳转
server { listen 80; server_name www.myng.com.zh www.myng.com.en; root /code; index index.html; location / { #场景1: 根据用户浏览器的语言，自动跳转至不同的页面。 if ($http_accept_language ~* 'zh'){ set $language zh; } if ($http_accept_language ~* 'en'){ set $language en; } rewrite ^/$ http://www.myng.com/$language redirect; } #2: 根据用户来源终端设备跳转至不同站点或不同域名 if ($http_user_agent ~* "iphone|ipad|androaid"){ rewrite ^/$ http://www.myng.com/m; } #3：传递跳转的uri if ($http_user_agent ~* "iphone|ipad|androaid"){ return 302 http://www.myng.com$request_uri; #将uri传递 }- 1
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api地址跳转
#api.myng.com/bbb www.myng.com/api/bbb server { listen 80; server_name api.myng.com; if ($http_host ~* (.*)\.(.*)\.(.*)){ set $domain $1; } rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.myng.com/$domain/$1 last; }- 1
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维护页面
server { listen 80; server_name www.myng.com.zh www.myng.com.en; root /code; rewrite ^/(.*)$ /wh.html break; #放在server下 location / {...- 1
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根据状态码跳转
server { listen 80; server_name www.myng.com; root /code; index index.html; ... error_page 500 502 503 504 =@temp; location @temp { root /data/error rewrite ^/(.*)$ /wh.html break; #放在server下 }- 1
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根据ip区分用户
server { listen 80; server_name www.myng.com; root /code; set $ip 0; if ($remote_addr ~ "10.0.0.1") { #X-Forwarded-For代理ip set $ip 1; } if ($ip=0){ rewrite ^/(.*)$ /wh.html break; #放在server下 }- 1
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return 返回跳转
需求: 如果用户请求www.myng.com/test，则返回至ww.xuliangwei.com的url server { listen 80; server_name www.myng.com; location / { default_type text/html;# 需要设置--》识别返回字符串 if ($request_uri ~* '^/test'){ return 200 "return test"; #return 302 http://www.baidu.com; #302跳转到百度 } root /code; index index.html; } } #浏览器访问：返回 http://www.myng.com/test return test- 1
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last break
当rewrite规则遇到break后，本locationf与其他ocation的所有rewrite/return规则都不再执行。
当rewrite规则遇到last后，本locationh里后续rewrite/return规则不执行，但重写后的url再次从头开始执行所有规则，哪个匹配执行哪个server { listen 80; server_name www.myng.com; root /code; location / { #http://www.myng.com/1.html b.html rewrite /1.html /2.html; #http://www.myng.com/1.html 2.html #rewrite /1.html /2.html break; #break终止，不再匹配 #http://www.myng.com/1.html a.html #rewrite /1.html /2.html last; #last终止当前location的匹配 rewrite /2.html /3.html; } location /2.html { rewrite /2.html /a.html; } location /3.html { rewrite /3.html /b.html; } } [root@node1 nginx]# echo 1.html>/code/1.html [root@node1 nginx]# echo 2.html>/code/2.html [root@node1 nginx]# echo 3.html>/code/3.html [root@node1 nginx]# echo a.html>/code/a.html [root@node1 nginx]# echo b.html>/code/b.html- 1
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_60092693/article/details/133980307
