• UITesting 界面测试

    1. 创建界面测试视图 UITestingBootcampView.swift

    1. import SwiftUI
    2.  
    3. /// 界面测试 ViewModel
    4. class UITestingBootcampViewModel: ObservableObject{
    5.     let placeholderText: String = "Add name here..."
    6.     @Published var textFiledText: String = ""
    7.     @Published var currentUserIsSignedIn: Bool
    8.     
    9.     init(currentUserIsSignedIn: Bool) {
    10.         self.currentUserIsSignedIn = currentUserIsSignedIn
    11.     }
    12.     
    13.     /// 登录按钮处理，模拟测试
    14.     func signUpButtonPressed() {
    15.         guard !textFiledText.isEmpty else { return }
    16.         currentUserIsSignedIn = true
    17.     }
    18. }
    19.  
    20. /// 界面测试
    21. struct UITestingBootcampView: View {
    22.     @StateObject private var viewModel: UITestingBootcampViewModel
    23.     
    24.     init(currentUserIsSignedIn: Bool) {
    25.         //"_" 下划线表示: 正在引用状态对象  wrappedValue: 表示包装值
    26.         _viewModel = StateObject(wrappedValue: UITestingBootcampViewModel(currentUserIsSignedIn: currentUserIsSignedIn))
    27.         print("description: " + currentUserIsSignedIn.description)
    28.     }
    29.     
    30.     var body: some View {
    31.         ZStack {
    32.             LinearGradient(
    33.                 gradient: Gradient(colors: [Color.blue, Color.black]),
    34.                 startPoint: .topLeading,
    35.                 endPoint: .bottomTrailing)
    36.             .ignoresSafeArea()
    37.             
    38.             ZStack {
    39.                 if viewModel.currentUserIsSignedIn {
    40.                     SignedInHomeView()
    41.                         .frame(maxWidth:.infinity, maxHeight: .infinity)
    42.                         .transition(.move(edge: .trailing))
    43.                 }
    44.                 
    45.                 if !viewModel.currentUserIsSignedIn{
    46.                     signUpLayer
    47.                         .frame(maxWidth:.infinity, maxHeight: .infinity)
    48.                         .transition(.move(edge: .leading))
    49.                 }
    50.             }
    51.         }
    52.     }
    53. }
    54.  
    55. /// 扩展 View
    56. extension UITestingBootcampView{
    57.     // 登录布局
    58.     private var signUpLayer: some View{
    59.         VStack {
    60.             TextField(viewModel.placeholderText, text: $viewModel.textFiledText)
    61.                 .font(.headline)
    62.                 .padding()
    63.                 .frame(height: 55)
    64.                 .background(Color.white)
    65.                 .cornerRadius(10)
    66.                 .accessibilityIdentifier("SignUpTextField")
    67.             Button {
    68.                 withAnimation(.spring()) {
    69.                     viewModel.signUpButtonPressed()
    70.                 }
    71.             } label: {
    72.                 Text("Sign Up")
    73.                     .font(.headline)
    74.                     .padding()
    75.                     .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
    76.                     .foregroundColor(.white)
    77.                     .background(Color.accentColor)
    78.                     .cornerRadius(10)
    79.             }
    80.             .accessibilityIdentifier("SignUpButton")
    81.         }
    82.         .padding()
    83.     }
    84. }
    85.  
    86. /// 登录入主页
    87. struct SignedInHomeView: View{
    88.     @State private var showAlert: Bool = false
    89.     
    90.     var body: some View{
    91.         NavigationView {
    92.             VStack(spacing: 20) {
    93.                 Button {
    94.                     showAlert.toggle()
    95.                 } label: {
    96.                     Text("Show welcome alert!")
    97.                         .font(.headline)
    98.                         .padding()
    99.                         .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
    100.                         .foregroundColor(.white)
    101.                         .background(Color.red)
    102.                         .cornerRadius(10)
    103.                 }
    104.                 .accessibilityIdentifier("ShowAlertButton")
    105.                 .alert(isPresented: $showAlert) {
    106.                     return Alert(title: Text("Welcome to the app!"))
    107.                 }
    108.                 
    109.                 NavigationLink(destination: Text("Destination")) {
    110.                     Text("Navigate")
    111.                         .font(.headline)
    112.                         .padding()
    113.                         .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
    114.                         .foregroundColor(.white)
    115.                         .background(Color.blue)
    116.                         .cornerRadius(10)
    117.                 }
    118.                 .accessibilityIdentifier("NavigationLinkToDestination")
    119.             }
    120.             .padding()
    121.             .navigationTitle("Welcome")
    122.         }
    123.     }
    124. }
    125.  
    126. struct UITestingBootcampView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
    127.     static var previews: some View {
    128.         UITestingBootcampView(currentUserIsSignedIn: true)
    129.     }
    130. }

    2. 测试类及自动操作效果图

      2.1 添加界面测试类

          添加方法与单元测试类添加方法一样，注意的是 Test 栏下 选择 UI Testing Bundle。

          创建界面测试文件 UITestingBootcampView_UITests.swift

    1. import XCTest
    2.  
    3. // 《Testing Swift》 测试书籍
    4. // 书籍网址: https://www.hackingwithswift.com/store/testing-swift
    5. // Naming Structure: test_UnitOfWork_StateUnderTest_ExpectedBehavior -  结构体命名: 测试_工作单元_测试状态_预期的行为
    6. // Naming Structure: test_[struct]_[ui component]_[expected result] - 测试_[结构体]_[界面 组件]_[预期结果 预期值]
    7. // Testing Structure: Given, When, Then - 测试结构: 给定，什么时候，然后
    8.  
    9. final class UITestingBootcampView_UITests: XCTestCase {
    10.     let app = XCUIApplication()
    11.     
    12.     override func setUpWithError() throws {
    13.         continueAfterFailure = false
    14.         //app.launchArguments = ["-UITest_startSignedIn"]
    15.         //app.launchEnvironment = ["-UITest_startSignedIn2" : "true"]
    16.         app.launch()
    17.     }
    18.     
    19.     override func tearDownWithError() throws {
    20.     }
    21.     
    22.     /// 测试_界面测试视图_注册按钮_不能登录
    23.     func test_UITestingBootcampView_signUpButton_shouldNotSignIn(){
    24.         // Given
    25.         signUpAndSignIn(shouldTypeOnKeyboard: false)
    26.     
    27.         // When
    28.         let navBar = app.navigationBars["Welcome"]
    29.         
    30.         // Then 断言导航栏不存在
    31.         XCTAssertFalse(navBar.exists)
    32.     }
    33.     
    34.     /// 测试_界面测试视图_注册按钮_能登录
    35.     func test_UITestingBootcampView_signUpButton_shouldSignIn(){
    36.         // Given
    37.          signUpAndSignIn(shouldTypeOnKeyboard: true)
    38.         
    39.         // When
    40.         let navBar = app.navigationBars["Welcome"]
    41.         
    42.         // Then 断言导航栏存在
    43.         XCTAssertTrue(navBar.exists)
    44.     }
    45.     
    46.     /// 测试_登录到主页_显示警告按钮_能显示警告弹框
    47.     func test_SignedInHomeView_showAlertButton_shouldDisplayAlert(){
    48.         // Given
    49.         signUpAndSignIn(shouldTypeOnKeyboard: true)
    50.         
    51.         // When
    52.         tapAlertButton(shouldDismissAlert: false)
    53.         
    54.         // Then
    55.         // 查找第一个警告框
    56.         let alert = app.alerts.firstMatch
    57.         // 警告框是否存在
    58.         XCTAssertTrue(alert.exists)
    59.     }
    60.     
    61.     /// 测试_登录到主页_显示警告按钮_能显示并关闭警告弹框
    62.     func test_SignedInHomeView_showAlertButton_shouldDisplayAndDismissAlert(){
    63.         // Given
    64.         signUpAndSignIn(shouldTypeOnKeyboard: true)
    65.         
    66.         // When
    67.         tapAlertButton(shouldDismissAlert: true)
    68.         
    69.         // Then 断言
    70.         // sleep(1)
    71.         // 查找第一个警告框，存不存在
    72.         let alertExists = app.alerts.firstMatch.waitForExistence(timeout: 5)
    73.         XCTAssertFalse(alertExists)
    74.     }
    75.     
    76.     /// 测试_登录到主页_导航连接器_能够跳转到
    77.     func test_SignedInHomeView_navigationLinkToDestination_shouldNavigateToDestination(){
    78.         // Given
    79.         signUpAndSignIn(shouldTypeOnKeyboard: true)
    80.         
    81.         // When
    82.         tapNavigationLink(shouldDismissDestination: false)
    83.         //then 断言文本是否存在
    84.         let destinationText = app.staticTexts["Destination"]
    85.         XCTAssertTrue(destinationText.exists)
    86.     }
    87.     
    88.     /// 测试_登录到主页_导航连接到目标视图_能显示并关闭警告弹框
    89.     func test_SignedInHomeView_navigationLinkToDestination_shouldNavigateToDestinationAndGoBack(){
    90.         // Given
    91.          signUpAndSignIn(shouldTypeOnKeyboard: true)
    92.         
    93.         // When
    94.         tapNavigationLink(shouldDismissDestination: true)
    95.         
    96.         //then 断言 Home View 导航栏是否存在
    97.         let navBar = app.navigationBars["Welcome"]
    98.         // 导航栏是否存在
    99.         XCTAssertTrue(navBar.exists)
    100.     }
    101.     
    102.     /// 测试_登录到主页_导航连接到目标视图_能显示并关闭警告弹框
    103. //    func test_SignedInHomeView_navigationLinkToDestination_shouldNavigateToDestinationAndGoBack2(){
    104. //        // Given
    105. //
    106. //        // When
    107. //        tapNavigationLink(shouldDismissDestination: true)
    108. //
    109. //        //then 断言 Home View 导航栏是否存在
    110. //        let navBar = app.navigationBars["Welcome"]
    111. //        // 导航栏是否存在
    112. //        XCTAssertTrue(navBar.exists)
    113. //    }
    114. }
    115.  
    116. // MARK: 也许可能函数
    117. extension UITestingBootcampView_UITests{
    118.     
    119.     /// 提取公共部分代码 注册并登录，键盘输入: trur false
    120.     func signUpAndSignIn(shouldTypeOnKeyboard: Bool){
    121.         let textfield = app.textFields["SignUpTextField"]
    122.         textfield.tap()
    123.         
    124.         if shouldTypeOnKeyboard {
    125.             let keyA = app.keys["A"]
    126.             keyA.tap()
    127.             let keyA1 = app.keys["a"]
    128.             keyA1.tap()
    129.             keyA1.tap()
    130.             
    131.             let returnButton = app.buttons["Return"]
    132.             returnButton.tap()
    133.         }
    134.         
    135.         let signUpButton = app.buttons["SignUpButton"]
    136.         signUpButton.tap()
    137.     }
    138.     
    139.     /// 提取提示框按钮，是否关闭提示框
    140.     func tapAlertButton(shouldDismissAlert: Bool){
    141.         let showAlertButton = app.buttons["ShowAlertButton"]
    142.         showAlertButton.tap()
    143.         
    144.         if shouldDismissAlert{
    145.             // 查找第一个警告框 中的 OK 按钮
    146.             let alertOKButton = app.alerts.firstMatch.buttons["OK"]
    147.             // sleep(1)
    148.             // 等待至少 5 秒，让 alertOKButton 存在
    149.             let alertPKButtonExists =  alertOKButton.waitForExistence(timeout: 5)
    150.             // 断言按钮是否存在
    151.             XCTAssertTrue(alertPKButtonExists)
    152.             alertOKButton.tap()
    153.         }
    154.     }
    155.     
    156.     /// 提取导航连接器 ，是否关闭目标视图
    157.     func tapNavigationLink(shouldDismissDestination: Bool){
    158.         // 导航器按钮
    159.         let navLinkButton = app.buttons["NavigationLinkToDestination"]
    160.         navLinkButton.tap()
    161.         
    162.         if shouldDismissDestination{
    163.             // 返回按钮
    164.             let backButton = app.navigationBars.buttons["Welcome"]
    165.             backButton.tap()
    166.         }
    167.     }
    168. }

      2.2 点击 test_UITestingBootcampView_signUpButton_shouldNotSignIn 测试方法前 方形运行按钮，得到测试效果，如图:

      2.3 如上测试方法 test_SignedInHomeView_showAlertButton_shouldDisplayAlert 效果图:

      2.4 其他测试方法操作，如上一致。

    3. 从 App 启动类中加载界面测试 View，界面测试时，App 启动类中也需要添加界面测试 View

      3.1 可配启动参数，菜单栏点击 Product -> Scheme -> Edit Scheme... -> Run 选项卡页添加参数，如图:

      3.2 获取配置参数，加载测试界面视图 SwiftfulThinkingAdvancedLearningApp.swift

    1. import SwiftUI
    2.  
    3. @main
    4. struct SwiftfulThinkingAdvancedLearningApp: App {
    5.     let currentUserIsSignedIn: Bool
    6.     
    7.     init() {
    8.         // 获取启动参数，判断是否有此字符串: UITestingBootcampView
    9.         // let userIsSignedIn:Bool = CommandLine.arguments.contains("-UITest_startSignedIn") ? true : false
    10.         let userIsSignedIn:Bool = ProcessInfo.processInfo.arguments.contains("-UITest_startSignedIn") ? true : false
    11.         // 获取环境变量配置值
    12.         // let value = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["-UITest_startSignedIn2"]
    13.         // let userIsSignedIn:Bool =  value == "true" ? true : false
    14.         self.currentUserIsSignedIn = userIsSignedIn
    15.         //print("USER IS SIGNED IN: \(userIsSignedIn)")
    16.         //print("USER IS SIGNED IN2: \(value ?? "")")
    17.     }
    18.     
    19.     var body: some Scene {
    20.         WindowGroup {
    21.             UITestingBootcampView(currentUserIsSignedIn: self.currentUserIsSignedIn)
    22.         }
    23.     }
    24. }
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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/u011193452/article/details/133889215