【C#】标准WebService Soap1.1 兼容 ContentType: application/xml

一、问题描述

1.1 ESB平台要求

• ContentType：application/xml
• Soap协议版本：1.1

1.2 提供的 WebService 接口

• 语言：C#
• 目标框架：.NetFramework 4.6.1

1.3 Postman 测试结果

HTTP Error 415.0 - Unsupported Media Type

服务器无法为请求提供服务，因为不支持该媒体类型。
最可能的原因:
所请求文件的格式已由服务器配置为不可进行下载。

可尝试的操作:
确认所请求文件的格式有效。

Detailed Error Information:

More Information:
如果服务器因不支持该文件类型而无法为请求提供服务，就会出现此错误。
View more information »

二、问题说明

C# 使用创建的标准WebService 只支持以下ContentType类型

• SOAP 1.1 ： text/xml; charset=utf-8
• SOAP 1.2 ： application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
• HTTP POST： application/x-www-form-urlencoded

综上所述，要想解决此问题，由以下两种途径：

• 与ESB平台人员沟通，要求使用WebService所支持的媒体类型text/xml;
• 自己扩展SOAP，拦截application/xml类型的请求

三、解决方案

3.1 与ESB平台人员沟通，要求使用WebService所支持的媒体类型text/xml;

3.2 自己扩展SOAP，拦截application/xml类型的请求

要在C# WebService 启动服务时支持application/xml文件类型，您可以通过在 WebService 服务代码中添加一个 SOAP 扩展来实现。

3.2.1 扩展 SoapExtensionAttribute

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
public class ESBSoapExtensionAttribute : SoapExtensionAttribute
{
    private int priority;
    public ESBSoapExtensionAttribute()
    {

    }
    public override Type ExtensionType
    {
        get { return typeof(ESBSoapExtension); }
    }

    public override int Priority
    {
        get { return priority; }
        set { priority = value; }
    }
}
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3.2.2 扩展 SoapExtension

在ProcessMessage中判断ContentType是不是"application/xml"，如果是则替换为可以被解析的"text/xml"

public class ESBSoapExtension : SoapExtension
{
    public ESBSoapExtension extension;
    public override object GetInitializer(LogicalMethodInfo methodInfo, SoapExtensionAttribute attribute)
    {
        return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());
    }

    public override object GetInitializer(Type serviceType)
    {
        return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());
    }

    public override void Initialize(object initializer)
    {
        //base.Initialize(initializer);
    }

    public override void ProcessMessage(SoapMessage message)
    {
        // 检查请求头Content-Type是否为"application/xml"
        try
        {
            switch (message.Stage)
            {
                case SoapMessageStage.BeforeDeserialize:
                    if (message is SoapServerMessage serverMessage && serverMessage.ContentType.Contains("application/xml"))
                    {
                        // 设置响应头Content-Type为"application/xml"
                        serverMessage.ContentType = "text/xml";
                    }
                    break;
                case SoapMessageStage.BeforeSerialize:
                    break;
                case SoapMessageStage.AfterSerialize:
                    break;
                case SoapMessageStage.AfterDeserialize:
                    // 在反序列化之后进行处理（响应阶段）
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            
        }
        catch(Exception exp)
        {

        }
    }
}
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3.2.3 在方法callBussiness上注入扩展

 [WebMethod(Description = "调用业务")]
 [ESBSoapExtension(Priority =1)]
 public string callBussiness(string message)
 {
	return message;
 }
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** 完整代码**

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
using System.Web.Services;
using System.Web.Services.Protocols;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using Rss_WebServer.code;

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
public class ESBSoapExtensionAttribute : SoapExtensionAttribute
{
    private int priority;
    public ESBSoapExtensionAttribute()
    {

    }
    public override Type ExtensionType
    {
        get { return typeof(ESBSoapExtension); }
    }

    public override int Priority
    {
        get { return priority; }
        set { priority = value; }
    }

    
}

public class ESBSoapExtension : SoapExtension
{
    public ESBSoapExtension extension;
    public override object GetInitializer(LogicalMethodInfo methodInfo, SoapExtensionAttribute attribute)
    {
        return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());
    }

    public override object GetInitializer(Type serviceType)
    {
        return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());
    }

    public override void Initialize(object initializer)
    {
        //base.Initialize(initializer);
    }

    public override void ProcessMessage(SoapMessage message)
    {
        // 检查请求头Content-Type是否为"application/xml"
        try
        {
            switch (message.Stage)
            {
                case SoapMessageStage.BeforeDeserialize:
                    if (message is SoapServerMessage serverMessage && serverMessage.ContentType.Contains("application/xml"))
                    {
                        // 设置响应头Content-Type为"application/xml"
                        serverMessage.ContentType = "text/xml";
                    }
                    break;
                case SoapMessageStage.BeforeSerialize:
                    break;
                case SoapMessageStage.AfterSerialize:
                    break;
                case SoapMessageStage.AfterDeserialize:
                    // 在反序列化之后进行处理（响应阶段）
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            
        }
        catch(Exception exp)
        {

        }
    }
}

namespace ESB
{
    /// 

    /// WebService 的摘要说明
    /// 
    [WebService(Namespace = "http://esb.webservice")]
    [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
    [System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]
    // 若要允许使用 ASP.NET AJAX 从脚本中调用此 Web 服务，请取消注释以下行。 
    [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
    public class WebService : System.Web.Services.WebService
    {
        public override object GetService(Type service)
        {
            return base.GetService(service);
        }

        public WebService()
        {
            //this.Application.sa
            this.Context.Request.ContentType = "application/xml";
        }

        [WebMethod(Description = "调用业务")]
        [ESBSoapExtension(Priority =1)]
        public string callBussiness(string message)
        {
            try
            {
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
                {
                    message = WebServiceAnalysis(base.Context.Request, nameof(message));
                }
                return message;
            }
            catch (Exception exp)
            {
                return exp.Message;
            }
        }
        /// 

        /// 重新解析 WebService
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        private string WebServiceAnalysis(System.Web.HttpRequest request, string name)
        {
            try
            {
                if (request.ContentLength == 0)
                {
                    throw new Exception($"Body(xml数据) 无数据");
                }
                // 获取请求内容
                Stream inputStream = request.InputStream;
                // 重新获取内容
                inputStream.Position = 0;
                // 读取请求主体内容
                using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(inputStream, Encoding.UTF8))
                {
                    string requestBody = reader.ReadToEnd();
                    XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
                    xmlDoc.LoadXml(requestBody);

                    XmlNode strNode = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode($"//{name}");

                    if (strNode != null)
                    {
                        return strNode.InnerText;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw new Exception($"未在Body(xml数据)找到{name}节点");
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception exp)
            {
                throw exp;
            }
        }
    }
}
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