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RHCA---DO477---变量和过滤
实验—变量和过滤
1. 启动环境lab data-filters start 2. 克隆环境 git clone http://git.lab.example.com:8081/git/data-filters.gi 3. 部署负载均衡 4. 部署apache 5. 部署webapp 6. 实现使用servera对两台webapp进行轮询访问- 1
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1. 启动环境
[student@workstation ~]$lab data-filters start Setting up workstation for the GE: Processing Variables Using Filters · Checking python on remote hosts............................. SUCCESS · Installing git.............................................. SUCCESS · Installing tree............................................. SUCCESS · Configuring Git............................................. SUCCESS · Configuring Git credentials................................. SUCCESS · Ensuring git.lab.example.com is reachable................... SUCCESS · Getting GitLab status....................................... SUCCESS · Adding content to Git repo.................................. SUCCESS · Cloning the data-filters repository......................... SUCCESS · Retrieving setup playbook................................... SUCCESS · Executing setup playbook.................................... SUCCESS · Removing temporary repository clone......................... SUCCESS- 1
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2. 克隆实验环境需要的yaml
[student@workstation ~]$cd /home/student/git-repos/ [student@workstation git-repos]$git clone http://git.lab.example.com:8081/git/data-filters.git Cloning into 'data-filters'... remote: Enumerating objects: 61, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (61/61), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (44/44), done. remote: Total 61 (delta 5), reused 0 (delta 0) Unpacking objects: 100% (61/61), done.- 1
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3. 部署haproxy
[student@workstation git-repos]$cd data-filters/ [student@workstation data-filters (master)]$ansible-playbook deploy_haproxy.yml PLAY [Ensure HAProxy is deployed] ************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************* ok: [loadbalancer_01] TASK [firewall : Ensure Firewall Sources Configuration] **************************************** changed: [loadbalancer_01] => (item={'port': '80/tcp'}) TASK [haproxy : Ensure haproxy packages are present] ******************************************* changed: [loadbalancer_01] TASK [haproxy : Ensure haproxy is started and enabled] ***************************************** changed: [loadbalancer_01] TASK [haproxy : Ensure haproxy configuration is set] ******************************************* changed: [loadbalancer_01] RUNNING HANDLER [firewall : reload firewalld] ************************************************** changed: [loadbalancer_01] RUNNING HANDLER [haproxy : reload haproxy] ***************************************************** changed: [loadbalancer_01] PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************* loadbalancer_01 : ok=7 changed=6 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0- 1
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此时servera无法访问
[student@workstation data-filters (master)]$curl http://servera <html><body><h1>503 Service Unavailable</h1> No server is available to handle this request. </body></html>- 1
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4. 部署apache
4.1 apache_optional_packages变量
$cat roles/apache/defaults/main.yml # Default variables for the apache role. # The 'apache_additional_packages' variable # allows you to specify additional # optional packages that must be present on # the web server. # # As an example, to enable a web server # to clone a source code repository, and execute a # PHP application that connects to a MySQL database: # # apache_optional_packages: # - php # - git # - php-mysqlnd # # By default, no optional packages are installed. apache_optional_packages: []- 1
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获取到apache_optional_packages的内容,将变量写入group_vars中
$vi group_vars/web_servers/apache.yml- 1
文件内容如下
apache_optional_packages: - php - git - php-mysqlnd- 1
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4.2 修改roles/apache/tasks/main.yml
这里涉及到2个点,
1. 拼接apache_base_packages和apache_optional_packages内容
1. 判断apache_enablerepos_list内容是否为空,如果空则不执行,当然就本题而言加和不加是一样的,但需要知道这个用法.--- # tasks file for apache - name: Calculate the package list set_fact: # TODO: Combine the apache_base_packages and # apache_optional_packages variables into one list. apache_package_list: "{{ apache_base_packages | union(apache_optional_packages) }}" - name: Ensure httpd packages are installed yum: name: "{{ apache_package_list }}" state: present # TODO: omit the 'enablerepo' directive # below if the apache_enablerepos_list is empty; # otherwise use the list as the value for the # 'enablerepo' directive. enablerepo: "{{ apache_enablerepos_list | default(omit, true) }}" - name: Ensure SELinux allows httpd connections to a remote database seboolean: name: httpd_can_network_connect_db state: true persistent: yes - name: Ensure httpd service is started and enabled service: name: httpd state: started enabled: yes- 1
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4.3 部署apache
这里可以看到:{“apache_package_list”: [“httpd”, “php”, “git”, “php-mysqlnd”]}, “changed”: false}
packages installed的时候也符合我们的预期
[student@workstation data-filters (master *%)]$ansible-playbook deploy_apache.yml -v 略... TASK [firewall : Ensure Firewall Sources Configuration] ****************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [webserver_01] => (item={'zone': 'internal', 'service': 'http', 'source': '172.25.250.10'}) => {"ansible_loop_var": "item", "changed": true, "item": {"service": "http", "source": "172.25.250.10", "zone": "internal"}, "msg": "Permanent and Non-Permanent(immediate) operation, Changed service http to enabled, Permanent and Non-Permanent(immediate) operation, Added 172.25.250.10 to zone internal"} changed: [webserver_02] => (item={'zone': 'internal', 'service': 'http', 'source': '172.25.250.10'}) => {"ansible_loop_var": "item", "changed": true, "item": {"service": "http", "source": "172.25.250.10", "zone": "internal"}, "msg": "Permanent and Non-Permanent(immediate) operation, Changed service http to enabled, Permanent and Non-Permanent(immediate) operation, Added 172.25.250.10 to zone internal"} TASK [apache : Calculate the package list] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [webserver_01] => {"ansible_facts": {"apache_package_list": ["httpd", "php", "git", "php-mysqlnd"]}, "changed": false} ok: [webserver_02] => {"ansible_facts": {"apache_package_list": ["httpd", "php", "git", "php-mysqlnd"]}, "changed": false} TASK [apache : Ensure httpd packages are installed] ********************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [webserver_02] => {"changed": true, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["Installed: httpd", "Installed: php", "Installed: git", "Installed: php-mysqlnd", "Installed: git-2.18.1-3.el8.x86_64", "Installed: httpd-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.x86_64", "Installed: mod_http2-1.11.3-1.module+el8+2443+605475b7.x86_64", "Installed: php-7.2.11-1.module+el8+2561+1aca3413.x86_64", "Installed: perl-Git-2.18.1-3.el8.noarch", "Installed: php-mysqlnd-7.2.11-1.module+el8+2561+1aca3413.x86_64"]} changed: [webserver_01] => {"changed": true, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["Installed: httpd", "Installed: php", "Installed: git", "Installed: php-mysqlnd", "Installed: git-2.18.1-3.el8.x86_64", "Installed: httpd-2.4.37-10.module+el8+2764+7127e69e.x86_64", "Installed: mod_http2-1.11.3-1.module+el8+2443+605475b7.x86_64", "Installed: php-7.2.11-1.module+el8+2561+1aca3413.x86_64", "Installed: perl-Git-2.18.1-3.el8.noarch", "Installed: php-mysqlnd-7.2.11-1.module+el8+2561+1aca3413.x86_64"]} ...略- 1
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4.4 访问测试
此时访问servera返回内容如下,显然还不是我们想要的
[student@workstation data-filters (master *%)]$curl -v http://servera * Rebuilt URL to: http://servera/ * Trying 172.25.250.10... * TCP_NODELAY set * Connected to servera (172.25.250.10) port 80 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: servera > User-Agent: curl/7.61.1 > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden < Date: Wed, 07 Jun 2023 03:27:40 GMT < Server: Apache/2.4.37 (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) < Last-Modified: Wed, 06 Feb 2019 14:46:32 GMT < ETag: "f91-5813acaad6200" < Accept-Ranges: bytes < Content-Length: 3985 < Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 < <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>Test Page for the Apache HTTP Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux</title>- 1
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5. 部署webapp
5.1 配置修改
vi roles/webapp/tasks/main.yml- 1
如果这个时候不清楚webapp_find_files的值会是什么样的话,可以先价格debug看下内容
--- # tasks file for webapp - name: Ensure stub web content is deployed copy: content: "{{ webapp_message }} (version {{ webapp_version }})\n" dest: "{{ webapp_content_root_dir }}/index.html" - name: Find deployed webapp files find: paths: "{{ webapp_content_root_dir }}" recurse: yes register: webapp_find_files - name: print webapp_find_files debug: msg: "{{ webapp_find_files }}"- 1
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运行后可以吐出以下内容:
可以看到它是一个字典,我们需要的内容在files中
TASK [webapp : print webapp_find_files] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [webserver_01] => { "msg": { "changed": false, "examined": 2, "failed": false, "files": [ { "atime": 1686107330.6328595, "ctime": 1686107330.6378593, "dev": 64513, "gid": 0, "gr_name": "root", "inode": 54273, "isblk": false, "ischr": false, "isdir": false, "isfifo": false, "isgid": false, "islnk": false, "isreg": true, "issock": false, "isuid": false, "mode": "0644", "mtime": 1686107330.2838566, "nlink": 1, "path": "/var/www/html/test.html", "pw_name": "root", "rgrp": true, "roth": true, "rusr": true, "size": 10, "uid": 0, "wgrp": false, "woth": false, "wusr": true, "xgrp": false, "xoth": false, "xusr": false }, { "atime": 1686108986.6641345, "ctime": 1686108986.6711345, "dev": 64513, "gid": 0, "gr_name": "root", "inode": 16797669, "isblk": false, "ischr": false, "isdir": false, "isfifo": false, "isgid": false, "islnk": false, "isreg": true, "issock": false, "isuid": false, "mode": "0644", "mtime": 1686108986.3391318, "nlink": 1, "path": "/var/www/html/index.html", "pw_name": "root", "rgrp": true, "roth": true, "rusr": true, "size": 40, "uid": 0, "wgrp": false, "woth": false, "wusr": true, "xgrp": false, "xoth": false, "xusr": false } ], "matched": 2, "msg": "" } } ok: [webserver_02] => { "msg": { "changed": false, "examined": 1, "failed": false, "files": [ { "atime": 1686108986.6565332, "ctime": 1686108986.6615334, "dev": 64513, "gid": 0, "gr_name": "root", "inode": 12586847, "isblk": false, "ischr": false, "isdir": false, "isfifo": false, "isgid": false, "islnk": false, "isreg": true, "issock": false, "isuid": false, "mode": "0644", "mtime": 1686108986.3305306, "nlink": 1, "path": "/var/www/html/index.html", "pw_name": "root", "rgrp": true, "roth": true, "rusr": true, "size": 40, "uid": 0, "wgrp": false, "woth": false, "wusr": true, "xgrp": false, "xoth": false, "xusr": false } ], "matched": 1, "msg": "" } }- 1
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修改webapp/task/main.yml
--- # tasks file for webapp - name: Ensure stub web content is deployed copy: content: "{{ webapp_message }} (version {{ webapp_version }})\n" dest: "{{ webapp_content_root_dir }}/index.html" - name: Find deployed webapp files find: paths: "{{ webapp_content_root_dir }}" recurse: yes register: webapp_find_files - name: Compute the webapp file list set_fact: # TODO: Use the map filter to extract # the 'path' attribute of each entry # in the 'webapp_find_files' # variable 'files' list. webapp_deployed_files: "{{ webapp_find_files.files | map(attribute='path') |list }}" - name: Compute the relative webapp file list set_fact: # TODO: Use the 'map' filter, along with # the 'relpath' filter, to create the # 'webapp_rel_deployed_files' variable # from the 'webapp_deployed_files' variable. # # Files in the 'webapp_rel_deployed_files' # variable should have a path relative to # the 'webapp_content_root_dir' variable. webapp_rel_deployed_files: "{{ webapp_deployed_files | map(relpath,webapp_content_root_dir) }}" - name: Remove Extraneous Files file: path: "{{ webapp_content_root_dir }}/{{ item }}" state: absent # TODO: Loop over a list of files # that are in the 'webapp_rel_deployed_files' # list, but not in the 'webapp_file_list' list. # Use the difference filter. loop: "{{ webapp_rel_deployed_files | difference(webapp_file_list) }}"- 1
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5.2 部署webapp
[student@workstation data-filters (master *%)]$ansible-playbook deploy_webapp.yml PLAY [Ensure Web App is deployed] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [webapp : Ensure stub web content is deployed] ********************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [webserver_02] ok: [webserver_01] TASK [webapp : Find deployed webapp files] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************* ok: [webserver_01] ok: [webserver_02] TASK [webapp : Compute the webapp file list] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [webserver_01] ok: [webserver_02] TASK [webapp : Compute the relative webapp file list] ******************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [webserver_01] ok: [webserver_02] TASK [webapp : Remove Extraneous Files] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [webserver_02] => (item=<) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=<) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=g) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=g) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=e) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=e) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=n) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=n) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=r) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=r) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=a) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=a) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=t) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=t) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=o) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=o) ok: [webserver_02] => (item= ) ok: [webserver_01] => (item= ) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=b) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=b) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=j) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=j) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=c) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=c) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=d) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=d) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=_) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=_) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=m) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=m) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=p) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=p) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=0) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=0) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=x) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=x) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=7) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=7) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=f) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=f) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=9) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=9) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=6) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=6) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=3) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=3) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=8) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=8) ok: [webserver_02] => (item=>) ok: [webserver_01] => (item=>) PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** webserver_01 : ok=5 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 webserver_02 : ok=5 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0- 1
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5.3 访问测试
此时已经能正常在2台webserver之间进行轮询了
[student@workstation data-filters (master *%)]$curl servera Hello from webserver_01. (version v1.1) [student@workstation data-filters (master *%)]$curl servera Hello from webserver_02. (version v1.1) [student@workstation data-filters (master *%)]$curl servera Hello from webserver_01. (version v1.1) [student@workstation data-filters (master *%)]$curl servera Hello from webserver_02. (version v1.1) [student@workstation data-filters (master *%)]$curl servera Hello from webserver_01. (version v1.1) [student@workstation data-filters (master *%)]$curl servera Hello from webserver_02. (version v1.1)- 1
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6. 清理环境
[student@workstation data-filters (master *%)]$lab data-filters finish Cleaning up the lab on workstation: · Cloning the data-filters repository......................... SUCCESS · Retrieving cleanup playbook................................. SUCCESS · Executing cleanup playbook.................................. SUCCESS · Removing temporary repository clone......................... SUCCESS [student@workstation data-filters (master *%)]$cd .. [student@workstation git-repos]$rm -rf data-filters/- 1
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7. 本次实验的一些关键字
default(omit,ture) 如果定义了值,则使用 map(attirbute='path') 取字典里的path键的值 map(relpath,webapp_content_root_dir) 从绝对路径中截取出文件名 deference(webapp_file_list) 取和webapp_file_list不一样的文件列表- 1
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29974229/article/details/131085084
