访问者模式

访问者模式有点小复杂，而且需要在实际的时候提前留好后门，下面通过简单的例子来介绍一下。场景就是邮件发送，通知客户怎么了怎么了，后面可能需要短信或者app也推。推之前或推送之后干点别的。

    public abstract class BaseJob { public abstract void Execute();public abstract void Accept(Monitoring monitoring);  }
    

这里的Execute方法就是正常操作，Accept就是预留的方法，通过它可以访问BaseJob 的实现，并且在不改动BaseJob 的情况下。那么Monitoring这个对象是什么呢？

    public abstract class Monitoring { public abstract void Monitor(SendEmail sendEmail); public abstract void Monitor(SendMessage sendMessage); public abstract void Monitor(SendOther endOther); }

所谓访问者Monitoring肯定是 BaseJob 的访问者，所以SendEmail 、SendMessage 、SendOther 都是BaseJob 的实现

 public class SendEmail : BaseJob
    {
        public override void Accept(Monitoring monitoring)
        {
            monitoring.Monitor(this);
        }

        public override void Execute()
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("邮件发送");
        }
    }

    public class SendMessage : BaseJob
    {
        public override void Accept(Monitoring monitoring)
        {
            monitoring.Monitor(this);
        }

        public override void Execute()
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("短信发送");
        }
    }
    public class SendOther : BaseJob
    {
        public override void Accept(Monitoring monitoring)
        {
            monitoring.Monitor(this);
        }

        public override void Execute()
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("App发送");
        }
    }

被访问的对象实现了，这个访问者也先给实现了吧。

  public class  AutoMonitor: Monitoring
    {
        public override void Monitor(SendEmail sendEmail)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("邮件发送前");
            sendEmail.Execute();
            Debug.WriteLine("邮件发送后");
        }

        public override void Monitor(SendMessage sendMessage)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("短信发送前");
            sendMessage.Execute();
            Debug.WriteLine("短信发送后");
        }

        public override void Monitor(SendOther endOther)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("app发送前");
            endOther.Execute();
            Debug.WriteLine("app发送后");
        }
    }

下面就是怎么去调用的问题了。通过一个director类去包装一下访问者和被访问者。

    public class Director
    {
        private Monitoring _monitoring;
        public Director(Monitoring monitoring)
        {
            _monitoring = monitoring;
        }
        public void Start(BaseJob baseJob)
        {
            baseJob.Accept(_monitoring);
        }
    }

director的代码有点反转再反转的味道，Start方法是我们访问的入口，通过传一个被访问者对象，调用被访问者的Accept的方法，被访问者Accept又需要一个访问者的对象，这里就通过构造函数传进来的，目前为止都是抽象的，还未具体指定实现。
执行的流程就是start=>accept=》moitor，director入口，到basejob的accept拿到访问者monitor,mointor的实现moitor又可以拿到完整的被访问者basejob，这样就可以操纵被访问者了，而且可以在访问者前后添加任何扩展自己的操作。
有点绕，但是这个也实现了aop，跟装饰器效果也差不多了。
下面就是客户端的调用了，这里需要访问SendEmail 、SendMessage 、SendOther 都可以灵活的替换掉。

 public void TestV()
        {
            Monitoring monitoring = new AutoMonitor();
            Director director = new Director(monitoring);
            director.Start(new SendEmail());
        } 

 

写到这里差不多了，留个彩蛋自己体会：

public class Director
    {
        private Monitoring _monitoring;
        public Director(Monitoring monitoring)
        {
            _monitoring = monitoring;
        }
        public void Start(BaseJob baseJob)
        {
            baseJob.Accept(_monitoring);
        }
    }
    public class  AutoMonitor: Monitoring
    {
        public override void Monitor(BaseJob baseJob)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("发送前动作");
            baseJob.Execute();
            Debug.WriteLine("发送后动作");
        }
    }

    public class SendEmail : BaseJob
    {
        public override void Accept(Monitoring monitoring)
        {
            monitoring.Monitor(this);
        }

        public override void Execute()
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("邮件发送");
        }
    }

    public class SendMessage : BaseJob
    {
        public override void Accept(Monitoring monitoring)
        {
            monitoring.Monitor(this);
        }

        public override void Execute()
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("短信发送");
        }
    }
    public class SendOther : BaseJob
    {
        public override void Accept(Monitoring monitoring)
        {
            monitoring.Monitor(this);
        }

        public override void Execute()
        {
            Debug.WriteLine("App发送");
        }
    }
    public abstract class BaseJob { public abstract void Execute();public abstract void Accept(Monitoring monitoring);  }
    
    public abstract class Monitoring { public abstract void Monitor(BaseJob baseJob);  }

   Monitoring monitoring = new AutoMonitor();
            Director director = new Director(monitoring);
            director.Start(new SendEmail());

            director.Start(new SendOther());   

 

 补上计算器的例子：

 public class CalClient
    {
        protected IColleague _colleague;
        public CalClient(IColleague colleague)
        {
            _colleague = colleague;
        }
        public decimal Start(ICalculator calculator)
        {
           return calculator.Accept(_colleague);
        }
    }
    public class ColleaguaA : IColleague
    {
        protected List<decimal> _items;
        public ColleaguaA(List<decimal> items)
        {
            _items = items;
        }
        public decimal Invoke(ICalculator calculator)
        {
           return calculator.Calculate(_items.ToArray());
        }
    }
    public class ColleaguaB : IColleague
    {
        private List<decimal> items;

        public List<decimal> Items { get => items; set => items = value; }

        public decimal Invoke(ICalculator calculator)
        {
            Trace.WriteLine("items赋值判断");
            var result = calculator.Calculate(Items.ToArray());
            Trace.WriteLine(" save to db");
            return result;
        }
    }

    public interface ICalculator {  decimal Calculate(params decimal[] items); decimal Accept(IColleague colleague); }
    public interface IColleague { decimal Invoke(ICalculator calculator); }


    public class AddCalculator : ICalculator
    {
        public decimal Accept(IColleague colleague)
        {
            return colleague.Invoke(this);
        }

        public decimal Calculate(params decimal[] items)
        {
            return items.Aggregate((a, b) => a + b);
        }
    }
    public class SubCalculator : ICalculator
    {
        public decimal Accept(IColleague colleague)
        {
            return colleague.Invoke(this);
        }

        public decimal Calculate(params decimal[] items)
        {
            return items.Aggregate((a, b) => a - b);
        }
    }
    public class MulCalculator : ICalculator
    {
        public decimal Accept(IColleague colleague)
        {
            return colleague.Invoke(this);
        }

        public decimal Calculate(params decimal[] items)
        {
            return items.Aggregate((a, b) => a * b);
        }
    }
    public class DivCalculator : ICalculator
    {
        public decimal Accept(IColleague colleague)
        {
            return colleague.Invoke(this);
        }

        public decimal Calculate(params decimal[] items)
        {
            return items.Aggregate((a, b) => a / b);
        }
    }

 

   ColleaguaA colleaguaA = new ColleaguaA(new List<decimal> { 12, 34, 56 });
            ColleaguaB colleaguaB = new ColleaguaB();
            colleaguaB.Items = new List<decimal> { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
            CalClient calClient = new CalClient(colleaguaA);
            calClient.Start(new AddCalculator());
            CalClient otherClient = new CalClient(colleaguaB);
            otherClient.Start(new MulCalculator());