爱上源码，重学Spring MVC深入

1.1 gradle搭建源码调试环境

1）搭建gradle环境

4个步骤

1、File-New-Module

选择java和web

2、填写包信息

3、存储路径

2）增加起步依赖

依赖的项目，直接复制粘贴上去

1、对spring的依赖

2、对MVC的依赖

3、对Tomcat插件的依赖

build.gradle

group 'com.spring.test'
version '5.0.2.RELEASE'

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'war'
apply plugin: 'com.bmuschko.tomcat' //tomcat: 插件
// tomcat: 以下配置会在第一次启动时下载插件二进制文件
//在项目根目录中执行gradle tomcatRun
buildscript {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.bmuschko:gradle-tomcat-plugin:2.5'
    }
}
// 配置阿里源
allprojects {
    repositories {
        maven{ url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/'}
    }
}


dependencies {
    testCompile group: 'org.testng', name: 'testng', version: '6.14.3'
    runtime 'javax.servlet:jstl:1.1.2' // Servlet容器必需
    compile(project(':spring-context'))
    compile(project(':spring-web'))
    compile(project(':spring-webmvc'))

    // tomcat: 将Tomcat运行时库添加到配置tomcat中: (此处为Tomcat9)
    def tomcatVersion = '9.0.1'
    tomcat "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:${tomcatVersion}",
            "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-logging-juli:9.0.0.M6",
            "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-jasper:${tomcatVersion}"
}

// tomcat: 一些协议设置（注意，这里必须加上，不然会抛tomcat的异常，仅限tomcat9）
tomcat {
    httpProtocol = 'org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Nio2Protocol'
    ajpProtocol  = 'org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpNio2Protocol'
}



// UTF-8
tasks.withType(JavaCompile) {
    options.encoding = "UTF-8"
}

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3）MVC代码编写

前提：

增加WEB-INF目录和Web.xml

1、打开File - Proect Structrue

2、选中刚才的mvc项目，展开，选中web gradle ， 到右边 点击加号

3、确认路径

spring-mvc-test\src\main\webapp\WEB-INF\web.xml

WEB-INF和xml创建完毕

webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

	
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>mvcservlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
			<param-value>classpath:mvc-servlet.xmlparam-value>
			
		init-param>
		
		<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
	servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>mvcservlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
	servlet-mapping>

web-app>
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resources/mvc-servlet.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	   xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	   xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.mvc.test"/>
	
	<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/"/>
		
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
	bean>
	
	<mvc:annotation-driven/>
	
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

beans>
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webapp/index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

  
    
  
  
  Gradle构建Spring MVC例子....
  


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MvcController.java

package com.spring.mvc.test;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class MvcController {

	@RequestMapping("/index")
	public ModelAndView getModeAndView() {
		//创建一个模型视图对象
		ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index");
		return mav;
	}
	@RequestMapping("/text")
	@ResponseBody
	public String text() {
		return "Text...";
	}

}

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4）启动MVC项目

两种启动方式

方式一：外挂启动

idea环境外面启动（项目根目录下运行 gradle + task name）

在项目根目录中执行gradle tomcatRun

#动Tomcat实例并将Web应用程序部署到该实例
gradle  tomcatRun
#停止Tomcat实例
gradle tomcatStop
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控制台正常输出

方式二：集成到idea中启动

设置

即可点击运行

运行成功

方式三：

idea右边找到gradle的task，直接双击，这个爽~

访问MVC项目

注意：spring-test-mvc是项目的名称

http://localhost:8080/spring-test-mvc/index
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效果如下

5）源码调试配置

idea里的调试

简单，debug模式启动tomcat即可

远程调试模式

重要

想要远程debug，需要使用上面的方法二，因为debug启动需要设置gradle的环境变量，

即运行gradle命令的时候插入一些参数命令。

增加debug参数，对外暴露5005端口，即监听5005端口。

-Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=5005
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在配置Remote；监听5005端口

点击+号，创建Remote；默认配置即可

最后一步

1、先运行tomcat

2、再运行remote

http://localhost:8080/spring-test-mvc/index
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打上断点试试！

包括我们之前ioc里的bean创建等地方，随便打。

1.2 MVC工作原理和继承关系

1）MVC底层工作原理

**目标：**认识SpringMVC的工作原理（对照源码），如何找到对应的Controller，进行页面渲染的

步骤：11步

**源头：**http://localhost:8080/spring-test-mvc/index

SpringMVC工作原理

1、DispatcherServlet(前端控制器) 是个servlet，负责接收Request 并将Request 转发给对应的处理组件。

2、 HanlerMapping （处理器映射器）是SpringMVC 中完成url 到Controller 映射的组件。DispatcherServlet 从HandlerMapping 查找处理Request 的Controller，

3、HanlerMapping 返回一个执行器链（url 到Controller 映射的组件）给DispatcherServlet

4、DispatcherServlet请求处理器适配器HandlerAdapter

5、处理器适配器HandlerAdapter去访问我们的handler（controller）

6、handler（controller）返回ModelAndView给处理器适配器HandlerAdapter

7、处理器适配器HandlerAdapter返回ModelAndView给DispatcherServlet

8、DispatcherServlet请求ViewResolver视图解析器

9、ViewResolver视图解析器返回view给DispatcherServlet

10、DispatcherServlet请求view做页面解析和渲染

11、view将渲染好的数据返回给DS，DS将渲染好的字符流给client，看到了页面！

2）MVC核心类继承关系

**目标：**简单认识MVC的继承关系

tips

不要求记住

DispatcherServlet 前端总控制器(webmvc源码)

FrameworkServlet (webmvc源码)

HttpServletBean 是的一个简单扩展类（(webmvc源码）

HttpServlet（servlet API ， 已经离开了spring mvc的控制范围）

1.3 Spring MVC源码深入剖析

引言：
当前源码讲解思路
1、断点调试
2、流程图对照
3、继承关系对照
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1.3.1 MVC启动阶段

注意，这个阶段没法debug，我们从servlet规范去直接看源码

下面的请求阶段，再详细debug请求链路的完整过程

web.xml回顾

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

	
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>mvcservlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
			<param-value>classpath:mvc-servlet.xmlparam-value>
			
		init-param>
		
		<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
	servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>mvcservlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
	servlet-mapping>
	

	 
	
		
	
		
	
	
	
		
	

web-app>
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从上面的配置，我们可以看出，web.xml中的DS是一个servlet，那就从java web的servlet规范说起

上面类关系，我们说过，springmvc的范畴里，最顶层的是 HttpServletBean 继承的 标准 HttpServlet

1、ioC Bean初始化

org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean#init

2、9大组件初始化（ioC）

org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean#init

启动：servlet规范，init方法被容器调用

在servlet实例化后，被容器调用一次init方法，所以启动我们找到mvc里的父类从init看起

总结：方法调用关系（伪代码）

HttpServletBean{
  init(){
    protected initServletBean();
  }
}

FrameworkServlet extends HttpServletBean{
  @Override
  initServletBean(){
    initWebApplicationContext(){
      WebApplicationContext wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
      protected onRefresh(wac); 
    }
  }
}

DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet{
  onRefresh(wac){
    initStrategies(wac){
      	//多文件上传的组件
        initMultipartResolver(context);
        //初始化本地语言环境
        initLocaleResolver(context);
        //初始化模板处理器
        initThemeResolver(context);
        //初始化处理器映射器
        initHandlerMappings(context);
        //初始化处理器适配器
        initHandlerAdapters(context);
        //初始化异常拦截器
        initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
        //初始化视图预处理器
        initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
        //初始化视图转换器
        initViewResolvers(context);
        //FlashMap 管理器
        initFlashMapManager(context);
    }
  }
}
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1.3.2 MVC请求阶段

需求：我们在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/spring-test-mvc/index，背后到底做了哪些事情

目标:MVC如何通过一个url就能找到我们的controller，并返回数据

1、断点调试
2、流程图对照
3、继承关系对照

流程图解：

标准Servlet（回顾tomcat源码里，容器最后调的是wrapper的 service 方法）

伪代码

interface Servlet{
	service()  // 1  , 标准servlet规范的入口
}

HttpServlet implements Servlet{
	public service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res){
		//转成 HttpServletRequest
		protected service(req,res);  // 2
	}
	protected service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
		if(isGet){
			protected doGet()  // 4
		}		
	}
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp);  // 5
}

//spring mvc

FrameworkServlet extends HttpServlet{
	@Override
	service(){
		super.service();  // 3
	}
	
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
		processRequest(request, response){
			protected doService(request, response); // 6
		}    
	}
}

DispatcherServlet extends FrameWorkServlet{
	protected doService(request, response);  //  7  , here!
}
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代码查找的路径：

tips：

spring mvc的 FrameworkServlet ，这是我们源码跟踪的入口

项目启动

访问

http://localhost:8080/spring-test-mvc/index
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上图的初始化流程在源码中是怎么流转的呢？

入口：开启请求的大门

org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet：

java web标准告诉我们，request的get会交给标准 HttpServlet的doGet方法

而这个类FrameworkServlet，是HttpServlet的子类，覆盖了上述的doGet，

所以，请求进入spring的第一入口，就在这里！！！

1）org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet#doGet

调用到了org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet#doGet

	//get请求调用
	@Override
	protected final void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		processRequest(request, response);
	}
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2）org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet#processRequest

//	重点关注：doService
	protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
		Throwable failureCause = null;

		LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
		LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);

		RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
		ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);

		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
		asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());

		initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);

		try {
			//重点查看，跳到DispatcherServlet 类中（子类重写）
			doService(request, response);
		} catch (ServletException | IOException ex) {
			failureCause = ex;
			throw ex;
		} catch (Throwable ex) {
			failureCause = ex;
			throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
		} finally {
			resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
			if (requestAttributes != null) {
				requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
			}

			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				if (failureCause != null) {
					this.logger.debug("Could not complete request", failureCause);
				} else {
					if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
						logger.debug("Leaving response open for concurrent processing");
					} else {
						this.logger.debug("Successfully completed request");
					}
				}
			}

			publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
		}
	}
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3）org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#doService

	//重写父类
	//重点关注  doDispatch(request, response);
	@Override
	protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			String resumed = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).hasConcurrentResult() ? " resumed" : "";
			logger.debug("DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'" + resumed +
					" processing " + request.getMethod() + " request for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "]");
		}

		// Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include,
		// to be able to restore the original attributes after the include.
		Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
		if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
			attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>();
			Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
			while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
				String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
				if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
					attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
				}
			}
		}

		// Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects.
		request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
		request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
		request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
		request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());

		if (this.flashMapManager != null) {
			FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
			if (inputFlashMap != null) {
				request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
			}
			request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
			request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
		}

		try {
			//重点关注
			doDispatch(request, response);
		}
		finally {
			if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
				if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
					restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
				}
			}
		}
	}
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进入核心

4）org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#doDispatch

//	Spring MVC的最核心代码
	protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
		boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

		try {
			//创建视图对象
			ModelAndView mv = null;
			Exception dispatchException = null;

			try {
				//请求检查，是否文件上传请求（二进制请求）
				processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
				multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

//				根据当前的请求去拿一个Handler.这个Handler其实就是我们的控制器，进入！！！！！
				mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
				if (mappedHandler == null) {
					noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
					return;
				}

				// 处理器适配器，9大组件初始化
				HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

				// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
				String method = request.getMethod();
				//get方法为true
				boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
				//method为get
				if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
					long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified);
					}
					if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
						return;
					}
				}

				if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
					return;
				}

				// 执行我们的业务控制器方法,com.spring.mvc.test.MvcController.getModeAndView
				mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

				if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
					return;
				}
           //视图解析器
				applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
				mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				dispatchException = ex;
			}
			catch (Throwable err) {
				// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
				// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
				dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
			}
			//视图渲染
			processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
		}
		catch (Throwable err) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
					new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
		}
		finally {
			if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
				if (mappedHandler != null) {
					mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
				}
			}
			else {
				// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
				if (multipartRequestParsed) {
					cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
				}
			}
		}
	}
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5）org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#getHandler

	@Nullable
	protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		//不止一个，比如BeanNameHandlerMapping、SimpleUrlHandlerMapping，还有我们需要的RequestHandlerMapping
		//在9个组件初始化的时候赋值
		if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
			for (HandlerMapping hm : this.handlerMappings) {
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace(
							"Testing handler map [" + hm + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
				}
				//这个就是执行器链
				HandlerExecutionChain handler = hm.getHandler(request);
				if (handler != null) {
					return handler;
				}
			}
		}
		return null;
	}
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org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#getHandlerAdapter

	protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler) throws ServletException {
		if (this.handlerAdapters != null) {
			for (HandlerAdapter ha : this.handlerAdapters) {
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace("Testing handler adapter [" + ha + "]");
				}
				if (ha.supports(handler)) {
					return ha;
				}
			}
		}
		throw new ServletException("No adapter for handler [" + handler +
				"]: The DispatcherServlet configuration needs to include a HandlerAdapter that supports this handler");
	}
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6） 调用业务Controller

// 执行我们的业务控制器方法,com.spring.mvc.test.MvcController.getModeAndView
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
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org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#handleInterna

	@Override
	protected boolean supportsInternal(HandlerMethod handlerMethod) {
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {

		ModelAndView mav;
		checkRequest(request);

		// Execute invokeHandlerMethod in synchronized block if required.
		if (this.synchronizeOnSession) {
			HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
			if (session != null) {
				Object mutex = WebUtils.getSessionMutex(session);
				synchronized (mutex) {
					mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
				}
			}
			else {
				// No HttpSession available -> no mutex necessary
				mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
			}
		}
		else {
			// No synchronization on session demanded at all...
			mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
		}

		if (!response.containsHeader(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL)) {
			if (getSessionAttributesHandler(handlerMethod).hasSessionAttributes()) {
				applyCacheSeconds(response, this.cacheSecondsForSessionAttributeHandlers);
			}
			else {
				prepareResponse(response);
			}
		}

		return mav;
	}
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7）org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#processDispatchResult

//1、请求视图解析器，解析成view
	//2、执行页面渲染
	private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
			@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
			@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {

		boolean errorView = false;
       //如果异常不为空
		if (exception != null) {
			if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
				logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
				mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
			}
			else {
				Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
				mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
				errorView = (mv != null);
			}
		}

		//视图渲染，响应视图
		if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
			//执行渲染
			render(mv, request, response);
			if (errorView) {
				WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
			}
		}
		else {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Null ModelAndView returned to DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() +
						"': assuming HandlerAdapter completed request handling");
			}
		}

		if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
			// Concurrent handling started during a forward
			return;
		}

		if (mappedHandler != null) {
			mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
		}
	}
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本文由传智教育博学谷教研团队发布。

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