• Ubuntu22.04Desktop桌面版设置静态Ip 221027记录

    Ubuntu22.04Desktop桌面版静态Ip设置 221027记录

    Ubuntu22.04Desktop桌面版可以用图形界面配置Ip, 图形界面有桌面的和控制台的nmtui ,
    也能用 nmcli 一步设置

    sudo nmcli c m '有线连接 1' ipv4.method 'manual' ipv4.addr "192.168.168.224/24" ipv4.gateway "192.168.168.2" ipv4.dns "192.168.168.2 , 8.8.4.4 , 223.6.6.6 , 180.76.76.76, 123.125.81.6, 1.1.1.1,8.8.8.8,114.114.114.114" ipv4.ignore-auto-dns 'true' ipv4.dns-search "baidu.com" ; sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

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    也可以像Server版一样用netplan,
    但它们底层的Ip配置工具是不一样的,

    • desktop版用NetworkManager
    • server版用systemd-networkd

    查看 NetworkManager 的状态

    systemctl status NetworkManager

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    • Desklop桌面版的 NetworkManager.service 默认启用并处于活跃状态
    • Server服务版默认没有 NetworkManager.service 这项服务

    查看 systemd-networkd 的状态

    systemctl status systemd-networkd

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    • Desklop桌面版有 systemd-networkd.service 这项服务, 但默认没有启用
    • Server服务版有 systemd-networkd.service 这项服务, 默认启用并处于活跃状态

    在图形界面设置静态Ip

    点右上角, 有线 下的 有线设置
    在这里插入图片描述

    在这里插入图片描述

    设置为这样
    在这里插入图片描述

    /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/'有线连接 1.nmconnection' 文件也相应发生变化

    sudo cat /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/'有线连接 1.nmconnection'

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    在这里插入图片描述

    [connection]
id=有线连接 1
uuid=fdae7e35-2f0e-3c31-8717-2b998d902f57
type=ethernet
autoconnect-priority=-999
interface-name=ens33
timestamp=1665711319

[ethernet]

[ipv4]
address1=192.168.168.224/24,192.168.168.2
dns=192.168.168.2;114.114.114.114;8.8.8.8;223.6.6.6;101.226.4.6;180.76.76.76;119.29.29.29;8.8.4.4;
ignore-auto-dns=true
method=manual

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=stable-privacy
method=auto

[proxy]


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    但是,反向从该文件修改却不行, 图形界面的配置并不会随之更改…
    好吧, 是我把权限改成chmod 777le
    把权限改回只有所属用户可以读写

    sudo chmod 600 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/'有线连接 1.nmconnection'

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    sudo chmod 600 *.nmconnection

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    编辑 *.nmconnection , 因为是桌面版, 所以可以用 gedit, 要有管理员权限, 所以在控制台sudo gedit ,
    也可以直接打开

    sudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/'有线连接 1.nmconnection'

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    sudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*.nmconnection

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    [connection]
id=有线连接 1
uuid=fdae7e35-2f0e-3c31-8717-2b998d902f57
type=ethernet
autoconnect-priority=-999
interface-name=ens33
timestamp=1665711319

[ethernet]

[ipv4]
address1=192.168.168.224/24,192.168.168.2
dns=192.168.168.2;8.8.4.4;223.6.6.6;101.226.4.6;180.76.76.76;119.29.29.29;114.114.114.114;8.8.8.8;1.1.1.1
ignore-auto-dns=true
method=manual

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=stable-privacy
method=auto

[proxy]

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    修改保存后

    sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

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    图形界面也随之变成了
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    修改成功
    ,
    再来试一试 netplan
    ,
    , 一开始, 在/etc/netplan/文件夹下 ,有个 01-network-manager-all.yaml

    cat /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

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    内容为

    # Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

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    这是用netplan来配置网络的配置文件

    sudo vi /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
sudo gedit /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

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    将其修改为

    network:
  version: 2
  #renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      addresses: [192.168.168.224/24]
      routes:
        - to: default # default 等效 0.0.0.0/0 等效 0/0   # could be 0/0 or 0.0.0.0/0 optionally
          via: 192.168.168.2  # 网关
      nameservers:
        addresses: # DNS的ip
         [ 192.168.168.2 , 8.8.4.4 , 223.6.6.6 , 114.114.114.114, 180.76.76.76 , 119.29.29.29 , 8.8.8.8 , 101.226.4.6, 123.125.81.6, 1.1.1.1]
        search: 
         [ 192.168.168.2 , 8.8.4.4 , 223.6.6.6 , 114.114.114.114, 180.76.76.76 , 119.29.29.29 , 8.8.8.8 , 101.226.4.6, 123.125.81.6, 1.1.1.1]

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    注意 #renderer: NetworkManager 被注释了

    sudo netplan try

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    sudo netplan apply

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    图形界面的 有线 变成了 为托管
    在这里插入图片描述
    但网络是好的, 可以上网, 也可以远程
    查看ip

    ip a
ip ad
ip add
ip addr
ip addre
ip addres
ip address

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    z@U224d:/$ ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:4b:7d:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s1
    inet 192.168.168.224/24 brd 192.168.168.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

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    ip 是正常的

    查看 NetworkManager 和 systemd-networkd 的状态

    systemctl status NetworkManager

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    systemctl status systemd-networkd

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    z@U224d:/$ systemctl status NetworkManager
● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-10-17 16:23:41 CST; 6min ago
       Docs: man:NetworkManager(8)
   Main PID: 9289 (NetworkManager)
      Tasks: 3 (limit: 9415)
     Memory: 3.0M
        CPU: 96ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service
             └─9289 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon

10月 17 16:23:41 U224d NetworkManager[9289]: <info>  [1665995021.9998] ifupdown: interfaces file /etc/network/interfaces doesn't exist
10月 17 16:23:42 U224d NetworkManager[9289]:   [1665995022.0007] dhcp-init: Using DHCP client 'internal'
10月 17 16:23:42 U224d NetworkManager[9289]: <info>  [1665995022.0008] device (lo): carrier: link connected
10月 17 16:23:42 U224d NetworkManager[9289]: <info>  [1665995022.0009] manager: (lo): new Generic device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/1)
10月 17 16:23:42 U224d NetworkManager[9289]: <info>  [1665995022.0013] device (ens33): carrier: link connected
10月 17 16:23:42 U224d NetworkManager[9289]: <info>  [1665995022.0015] manager: (ens33): new Ethernet device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devic>
10月 17 16:23:42 U224d NetworkManager[9289]: <info>  [1665995022.0103] failed to open /run/network/ifstate
10月 17 16:23:42 U224d NetworkManager[9289]: <info>  [1665995022.0276] modem-manager: ModemManager available
10月 17 16:23:42 U224d NetworkManager[9289]: <info>  [1665995022.0344] manager: startup complete
10月 17 16:23:42 U224d NetworkManager[9289]: <info>  [1665995022.1451] agent-manager: agent[7fa0626e63224f7a,:1.38/org.gnome.Shell.NetworkAgent/100>
z@U224d:/$ 
z@U224d:/$ 
z@U224d:/$ systemctl status systemd-networkd
● systemd-networkd.service - Network Configuration
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service; enabled-runtime; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-10-17 09:06:41 CST; 7h ago
TriggeredBy: ● systemd-networkd.socket
       Docs: man:systemd-networkd.service(8)
   Main PID: 684 (systemd-network)
     Status: "Processing requests..."
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 9415)
     Memory: 3.0M
        CPU: 222ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-networkd.service
             └─684 /lib/systemd/systemd-networkd

10月 17 09:06:41 U224d systemd-networkd[684]: ens33: Gained carrier
10月 17 09:06:43 U224d systemd-networkd[684]: ens33: Gained IPv6LL
10月 17 15:48:46 U224d systemd-networkd[684]: ens33: Gained IPv6LL
10月 17 15:49:01 U224d systemd-networkd[684]: ens33: Gained IPv6LL
10月 17 15:49:46 U224d systemd-networkd[684]: ens33: Gained IPv6LL
10月 17 15:49:51 U224d systemd-networkd[684]: ens33: Gained IPv6LL
10月 17 16:23:41 U224d systemd-networkd[684]: ens33: Re-configuring with /run/systemd/network/10-netplan-ens33.network
10月 17 16:23:41 U224d systemd-networkd[684]: ens33: DHCPv6 lease lost
10月 17 16:23:41 U224d systemd-networkd[684]: ens33: Re-configuring with /run/systemd/network/10-netplan-ens33.network
10月 17 16:23:41 U224d systemd-networkd[684]: ens33: DHCPv6 lease lost


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    NetworkManager仍然是启用并活跃的, systemd-networkd 由禁用变为了启用活跃状态

    查看 /etc/resolv.conf

    sudo less /etc/resolv.conf

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    # This is /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf managed by man:systemd-resolved(8).
# Do not edit.
#
# This file might be symlinked as /etc/resolv.conf. If you're looking at
# /etc/resolv.conf and seeing this text, you have followed the symlink.
#
# This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients to the
# internal DNS stub resolver of systemd-resolved. This file lists all
# configured search domains.
#
# Run "resolvectl status" to see details about the uplink DNS servers
# currently in use.
#
# Third party programs should typically not access this file directly, but only
# through the symlink at /etc/resolv.conf. To manage man:resolv.conf(5) in a
# different way, replace this symlink by a static file or a different symlink.
#
# See man:systemd-resolved.service(8) for details about the supported modes of
# operation for /etc/resolv.conf.

nameserver 127.0.0.53
options edns0 trust-ad
search 192.168.168.2 8.8.4.4 223.6.6.6 114.114.114.114 180.76.76.76 119.29.29.29 8.8.8.8 101.226.4.6 123.125.81.6 1.1.1.1

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    sudo gedit /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

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    去掉renderer: NetworkManager 的注释, 启用

    network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      addresses: [192.168.168.224/24]
      routes:
        - to: default # default 等效 0.0.0.0/0 等效 0/0   # could be 0/0 or 0.0.0.0/0 optionally
          via: 192.168.168.2  # 网关
      nameservers:
        addresses: # DNS的ip
         [ 192.168.168.2 , 8.8.4.4 , 223.6.6.6 , 114.114.114.114, 180.76.76.76 , 119.29.29.29 , 8.8.8.8 , 101.226.4.6, 123.125.81.6, 1.1.1.1]
        search: 
         [ 192.168.168.2 , 8.8.4.4 , 223.6.6.6 , 114.114.114.114, 180.76.76.76 , 119.29.29.29 , 8.8.8.8 , 101.226.4.6, 123.125.81.6, 1.1.1.1]

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    sudo netplan try

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    sudo netplan apply

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    图形界面的连接又生效了, 而且显示两个, 可以点击切换
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述

    两个网络设置都能用, 分别对应 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml 和 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/'有线连接 1.nmconnection'

    切换两个网络时, /etc/resolv.conf 也相应发生改变

    为方便对照, 再次修改配置

    sudo vi /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/'有线连接 1.nmconnection'

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    sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/'有线连接 1.nmconnection'

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    sudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/'有线连接 1.nmconnection'

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    [connection]
id=有线连接 1
uuid=fdae7e35-2f0e-3c31-8717-2b998d902f57
type=ethernet
autoconnect-priority=-999
interface-name=ens33
timestamp=1665711319

[ethernet]

[ipv4]
address1=192.168.168.112/24,192.168.168.2
dns=8.8.8.8;8.8.4.4;223.6.6.6;6.6.6.6;101.226.4.6;180.76.76.76;119.29.29.29;114.114.114.114;1.1.1.1;
ignore-auto-dns=true
method=manual

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=stable-privacy
method=auto

[proxy]

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    sudo vi /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

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    sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

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    sudo gedit /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

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    network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      addresses: [192.168.168.224/24]
      routes:
        - to: 0.0.0.0/0   # default 等效 0.0.0.0/0    # could be 0/0 or 0.0.0.0/0 optionally
          via: 192.168.168.2  # 网关
      nameservers:
        addresses: # DNS的ip
         [223.6.6.6,114.114.114.114,180.76.76.76 , 119.29.29.29 , 8.8.8.8 , 101.226.4.6, 123.125.81.6, 1.1.1.1]
        search: 
         [ www.baidu.com , www.goole.com , www.sogou.com, hello , world,a,b,c,d,e,f,g]

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    sudo netplan try

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    sudo netplan apply

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    当使用 netplan-ens33 时
    在这里插入图片描述

    ip address

    z@U224d:/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:4b:7d:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s1
    inet 192.168.168.224/24 brd 192.168.168.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4b:7d6d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

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    sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf

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    # This is /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf managed by man:systemd-resolved(8).
# Do not edit.
#
# This file might be symlinked as /etc/resolv.conf. If you're looking at
# /etc/resolv.conf and seeing this text, you have followed the symlink.
#
# This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients to the
# internal DNS stub resolver of systemd-resolved. This file lists all
# configured search domains.
#
# Run "resolvectl status" to see details about the uplink DNS servers
# currently in use.
#
# Third party programs should typically not access this file directly, but only
# through the symlink at /etc/resolv.conf. To manage man:resolv.conf(5) in a
# different way, replace this symlink by a static file or a different symlink.
#
# See man:systemd-resolved.service(8) for details about the supported modes of
# operation for /etc/resolv.conf.

nameserver 127.0.0.53
options edns0 trust-ad
search 1.1.1.1 www.baidu.com www.goole.com www.sogou.com hello world a b c d e f g

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    • /etc/resolv.conf 的 nameserver 始终都是 127.0.0.53
    • /etc/resolv.conf 的 search 与 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml 的 search 保持一致

    当切换到 有线连接1 时
    在这里插入图片描述

    ip address

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    z@U224d:/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections$ ip addre
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:4b:7d:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s1
    inet 192.168.168.112/24 brd 192.168.168.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::6464:ad23:9a7d:3aa8/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

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    地址变为了 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/'有线连接 1.nmconnection' 设置的地址

    sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf

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    # This is /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf managed by man:systemd-resolved(8).
# Do not edit.
#
# This file might be symlinked as /etc/resolv.conf. If you're looking at
# /etc/resolv.conf and seeing this text, you have followed the symlink.
#
# This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients to the
# internal DNS stub resolver of systemd-resolved. This file lists all
# configured search domains.
#
# Run "resolvectl status" to see details about the uplink DNS servers
# currently in use.
#
# Third party programs should typically not access this file directly, but only
# through the symlink at /etc/resolv.conf. To manage man:resolv.conf(5) in a
# different way, replace this symlink by a static file or a different symlink.
#
# See man:systemd-resolved.service(8) for details about the supported modes of
# operation for /etc/resolv.conf.

nameserver 127.0.0.53
options edns0 trust-ad
search www.goole.com www.sogou.com hello world a b c d e f g

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    • /etc/resolv.conf 的 nameserver 始终都是 127.0.0.53
    • /etc/resolv.conf 的 search 发生了改变, 但看不出对应关系, 网络连接是正常的

    翻译其注释

    这是man管理的/run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf:system -resolved(8)。

#不要编辑。

＃

#该文件可能被符号链接为/etc/resolv.conf。如果你在看

# /etc/resolv.conf和看到这段文本，您已经遵循符号链接。

＃

这是一个动态的resolv.conf文件，用于连接本地客户端到

# system -resolved的内部DNS存根解析器。此文件列出所有

#配置的搜索域。

＃

#执行“resolvectl status”命令查看上行DNS服务器的详细信息

#目前正在使用。

＃

第三方程序通常不应该直接访问该文件，而只是

通过/etc/resolv.conf中的符号链接。要管理man:resolv.conf(5)在a

#不同的方式，替换这个符号链接的静态文件或不同的符号链接。

＃

的支持模式的详细信息请参见man:system -resolved.service(8)

/etc/resolv.conf. #操作

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    • 不要编辑修改这个文件
    • /etc/resolv.conf 是一个符号链接 , (CentOS7,9,Fedora中的这个文件不是符号链接)
    • resolvectl status 可以查看DNS

    👇 摘自 systemd-resolved.service, systemd-resolved — Network Name Resolution manager

    /etc/resolv.conf
Four modes of handling /etc/resolv.conf (see resolv.conf(5)) are supported:

systemd-resolved maintains the /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf file for compatibility with traditional Linux programs. This file lists the 127.0.0.53 DNS stub (see above) as the only DNS server. It also contains a list of search domains that are in use by systemd-resolved. The list of search domains is always kept up-to-date. Note that /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf should not be used directly by applications, but only through a symlink from /etc/resolv.conf. This file may be symlinked from /etc/resolv.conf in order to connect all local clients that bypass local DNS APIs to systemd-resolved with correct search domains settings. This mode of operation is recommended.

A static file /usr/lib/systemd/resolv.conf is provided that lists the 127.0.0.53 DNS stub (see above) as only DNS server. This file may be symlinked from /etc/resolv.conf in order to connect all local clients that bypass local DNS APIs to systemd-resolved. This file does not contain any search domains.

systemd-resolved maintains the /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf file for compatibility with traditional Linux programs. This file may be symlinked from /etc/resolv.conf and is always kept up-to-date, containing information about all known DNS servers. Note the file format's limitations: it does not know a concept of per-interface DNS servers and hence only contains system-wide DNS server definitions. Note that /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf should not be used directly by applications, but only through a symlink from /etc/resolv.conf. If this mode of operation is used local clients that bypass any local DNS API will also bypass systemd-resolved and will talk directly to the known DNS servers.

Alternatively, /etc/resolv.conf may be managed by other packages, in which case systemd-resolved will read it for DNS configuration data. In this mode of operation systemd-resolved is consumer rather than provider of this configuration file.

Note that the selected mode of operation for this file is detected fully automatically, depending on whether /etc/resolv.conf is a symlink to /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf or lists 127.0.0.53 as DNS server.


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    etc/netplan/*.yaml 中的renderer

    renderer (scalar)
        Use the given networking backend for this definition.  Currently supported are networkd and NetworkManager.  This property can be specified glob‐
        ally in network:, for a device type (in e.  g.  ethernets:) or for a particular device definition.  Default is networkd.

        (Since 0.99) The renderer property has one additional acceptable value for vlan objects (i.  e.  defined in vlans:): sriov.  If a vlan is defined
        with the sriov renderer for an SR-IOV Virtual Function interface, this causes netplan to set up a hardware VLAN filter for it.  There can be only
        one defined per VF.

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    renderer : 呈现器,渲染器
    renderer用于定义网络后端。目前支持的是networkd和NetworkManager。

    此属性可以在网络中全局指定，用于设备类型（例如以太网）或特定设备定义。。默认值是networkd。

    （自0.99起）renderer 属性有一个额外的可接受值用于vlan对象（即在vlans:中定义）：sriov。

    如果使用sriov renderer为SR-IOV虚拟功能接口定义vlan，这会使 netplan 为其设置硬件vlan筛选器。每个VF只能定义一个。

    后来知道 etc/netplan/*.yaml 中的nameservers 中的 search
    search 可以翻译成 搜索域
    搜索域的用途就是:当域名搜索不到时, 将域名加上搜索域设置的名称再次搜索
    比如设置了 search: [ baidu.com ] 后, ping www 就能达到 ping www.baidu.com的效果

    network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      addresses: [192.168.168.224/24]
      routes:
        - to: 0.0.0.0/0   # default 等效 0.0.0.0/0    # could be 0/0 or 0.0.0.0/0 optionally
          via: 192.168.168.2  # 网关
      nameservers:
        addresses: # DNS的ip
         [180.76.76.76, 8.8.4.4, 223.6.6.6, 119.29.29.29, 101.226.4.6, 123.125.81.6, 8.8.8.8 ,114.114.114.114,1.1.1.1]
        search: 
         [ baidu.com ]

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    在这里插入图片描述

    Ubuntu22.04桌面版,还可以使用nmcli 和 nmtui 命令来配置网络, Server版默认不可以
    对于使用 NetworkManager的系统, 还可以使用nmcli 和 nmtui 命令来配置网络
    使用nmtui 可以获得命令行的图形界面

    sudo nmtui

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    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述

    用 nmcli 配置

    sudo nmcli con mod "有线连接 1" ipv4.method manual ipv4.addr '192.168.168.224/24' ipv4.gateway '192.168.168.2' ipv4.dns '192.168.168.2' ipv4.ignore-auto-dns true ipv4.dns-search 'baidu.com'

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    sudo nmcli con mod "netplan-ens33" ipv4.method 'manual' ipv4.addr "192.168.168.225/24" ipv4.gateway "192.168.168.2" ipv4.dns "192.168.168.2" ipv4.ignore-auto-dns "true" ipv4.dns-search "taobao.com"

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    nmcli connection modify 可以修改现有连接
    • con 可以写成 c 到 connection 之间的字段
    • mod 可以写成 m 到 modify 之间的字段
      nmcli connection modify
nmcli connec modify
nmcli conne modif
nmcii conn modi
nmcli con mod
nmcli co mo
nmcli c m
nmcli c modify
nmcli connection m

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    • ipv4. 可以接 [method, dns, dns-search, dns-options, dns-priority, addresses, gateway, routes, route-metric, route-table, routing-rules, ignore-auto-routes, ignore-auto-dns, dhcp-client-id, dhcp-iaid, dhcp-timeout, dhcp-send-hostname, dhcp-hostname, dhcp-fqdn, dhcp-hostname-flags, never-default, may-fail, required-timeout, dad-timeout, dhcp-vendor-class-identifier, dhcp-reject-servers] 。
      • ipv4.method的可选]值有 [auto, link-local, manual, shared, disabled] , ipv4.method最简可写成ipv.me
      • ipv4.addresses 设置IP地址, 最简可写成 ipv4.a, 可设置多个地址,以逗号分隔, 也可多次用 +ipv4.a
        ipv4.a(ipv4.addresses)可以设置多个(,逗号分隔,可以有空格),但只能出现一次, +ipv4.a(+ipv4.addresses)可以设置多个(,逗号分隔)可以出现多次
      • 网关ipv4.g(ipv4.gateway)只能有一个, (在图形界面也只能设置一个), 如果没设置网关就不能上网,但只要有ip地址,就能让网段内其它主机访问,比如ssh连接,没有网关就是能进不能出
      • ipv4.dns不能简写,可一次设置多个, +ipv4.dns可多次设置多个
      • ipv4.dns-search可简写为ipv4.dns-s , 搜索域
      • ipv4.ignore-auto-dns 取值 true|fasle 是否跳过自动域名 , 最简只能写成ipv4.ignore-auto-d

    对应图形界面ipv4.ignore-auto-dns在这里插入图片描述

    • ipv4.x前面可以加(加号或减号±), ipv4.x表示设置 +ipv4.x表示新增, -ipv4.x表示移除
      一句中只能出现一次ipv4.x,后面的ipv4.x会覆盖前面的ipv4.x
      一句中可以出现多次 +ipv4.x 和 -ipv4.x
    sudo nmcli c m "netplan-ens33" ipv4.method manual ipv4.addr 192.168.168.224/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.168.2 ipv4.dns 192.168.168.2

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    最好加上单引号或双引号

    sudo nmcli connection modify "有线连接 1" ipv4.method 'manual' ipv4.addr "192.168.168.225/24" ipv4.gateway "192.168.168.2" ipv4.dns '192.168.168.2'

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    也可以分成多句

    sudo nmcli c m "有线连接 1" ipv4.addr "192.168.168.224/24"
sudo nmcli connection modify "有线连接 1" ipv4.gateway "192.168.168.2"
sudo nmcli co mo "有线连接 1" ipv4.method 'manual'

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    自动获取ip

    sudo nmcli co mo "有线连接 1" ipv4.method 'auto'

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    手动指定ip地址和网关,静态IP

    sudo nmcli co mo "有线连接 1" ipv4.method 'manual' ipv4.addresses "192.168.168.224/24" ipv4.gateway "192.168.168.2"

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    手动指定的dns, 跳过自动获取dns

    sudo nmcli co mo "有线连接 1" ipv4.ignore-auto-d 'true'

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    设置dns , 相同的dns不会重复

    sudo nmcli co mo "有线连接 1" ipv4.dns "192.168.168.2 , 8.8.4.4 , 223.6.6.6 , 180.76.76.76"
sudo nmcli co mo "有线连接 1" +ipv4.dns "123.125.81.6 ,1.1.1.1,8.8.8.8,114.114.114.114"
sudo nmcli co mo "有线连接 1" +ipv4.dns "192.168.168.2 , 6.6.6.6" # 不会重复
sudo nmcli co mo "有线连接 1" -ipv4.dns "6.6.6.6"

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    设置搜索域

    sudo nmcli co mo "有线连接 1" ipv4.dns-search 'baidu.com , google.cn , qq.com'

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    一句设置 method , addresses , gateway , dns , 跳过自动DNS , search
    sudo nmcli c m "有线连接 1" ipv4.method 'manual' ipv4.addresses "192.168.168.224/24" ipv4.gateway "192.168.168.2" ipv4.dns "192.168.168.2 , 8.8.4.4 , 223.6.6.6 , 180.76.76.76, 123.125.81.6, 1.1.1.1,8.8.8.8,114.114.114.114" ipv4.ignore-auto-dns 'true' ipv4.dns-search 'baidu.com' ; sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

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    method可写成me , addresses可写成a , gateway可写成g , dns不能简写 , dns-serarch可写成dns-s

    sudo nmcli c m "有线连接 1" ipv4.me manual ipv4.a "192.168.168.224/24" ipv4.g "192.168.168.1" ipv4.dns "192.168.168.2 , 223.6.6.6 , 180.76.76.76, 123.125.81.6, 1.1.1.1,8.8.8.8,114.114.114.114,8.8.4.4" ipv4.ignore-auto-d 'true' ipv4.dns-s 'baidu.com' ; sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

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    没有空格等一些特殊字符的话, 也可以不加引号, 点号不影响

    sudo nmcli c m "有线连接 1" ipv4.me manual ipv4.a 192.168.168.224/24 ipv4.g 192.168.168.2 ipv4.dns 192.168.168.2,223.6.6.6,180.76.76.76,123.125.81.6,1.1.1.1,8.8.8.8,114.114.114.114,8.8.4.4 ipv4.ignore-auto-d true ipv4.dns-s baidu.com ; sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

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    对于使用 NetworkManager的系统, 一般用GNOME桌面图形界面的系统都默认用NetworkManager, 如 CentOS7,8,9 , Fedora36 等 都可以使用nmcli 和 nmtui 命令来配置网络
    可以用 nmcli help , nmcli c help 和 nmcli c m help 查看对应的帮助

    $ nmcli help
用法：nmcli [选项] 对象 { 命令 | help }

选项
  -a, --ask                                询问缺少的参数
  -c, --colors auto|yes|no                 是否在输出中使用颜色
  -e, --escape yes|no                      转义值中的列分隔符
  -f, --fields <字段,...>|all|common       指定要输出的字段
  -g, --get-values <字段,...>|all|common   -m tabular -t -f 的快捷方式
  -h, --help                               打印此帮助
  -m, --mode tabular|multiline             输出模式
  -o, --overview                           概览模式
  -p, --pretty                             美化输出
  -s, --show-secrets                       允许显示密码
  -t, --terse                              简介输出
  -v, --version                            显示程序版本
  -w, --wait <秒数>                        设定操作完成的等待超时

对象
  g[eneral]       NetworkManager 的常规状态和操作
  n[etworking]    整体网络控制
  r[adio]         NetworkManager 无线电开关
  c[onnection]    NetworkManager 的连接
  d[evice]        NetworkManager 管理的设备
  a[gent]         NetworkManager 机密（secret）或 polkit 代理
  m[onitor]       监视 NetworkManager 更改


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    $ nmcli connection help
用法：nmcli connection { 命令 | help }

命令 := { show | up | down | add | modify | clone | edit | delete | monitor | reload | load | import | export }

  show [--active] [--order <排序规则>]
  show [--active] [id | uuid | path | apath] <ID> ...

  up [[id | uuid | path] <ID>] [ifname <接口名称>] [ap <BSSID>] [passwd-file <密码文件>]

  down [id | uuid | path | apath] <ID> ...

  add 常用选项 类型特定选项 从选项 IP_选项 [-- ([+|-]<设置>.<属性> <值>)+]

  modify [--temporary] [id | uuid | path] <ID> ([+|-]<设置>.<属性> <值>)+

  clone [--temporary] [id | uuid | path ] <ID> <新名称>

  edit [id | uuid | path] <ID>
  edit [type <新连接类型>] [con-name <新连接名称>]

  delete [id | uuid | path] <ID>

  monitor [id | uuid | path] <ID> ...

  reload

  load <文件名> [ <文件名>... ]

  import [--temporary] type <类型> file <要导入的文件>


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    $ nmcli connection modify help
用法：nmcli connection modify { 参数 | help }

参数 := [id | uuid | path] <ID> ([+|-]<设置>.<属性> <值>)+

修改连接配置集的一个或多个属性。
配置集由它的名称、UUID 或 D-Bus 路径代表。对于有多个值
的属性，可以使用 "+" 或 "-" 为属性名加前缀。
"+" 代表附加项而不是覆盖整个值。
"-"代表删除选项的项而不是整个值。

参数 := remove <设置>

从连接配置集中删除一个设置。

示例：
nmcli con mod home-wifi wifi.ssid rakosnicek
nmcli con mod em1-1 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addr "192.168.1.2/24, 10.10.1.5/8"
nmcli con mod em1-1 +ipv4.dns 8.8.4.4
nmcli con mod em1-1 -ipv4.dns 1
nmcli con mod em1-1 -ipv6.addr "abbe::cafe/56"
nmcli con mod bond0 +bond.options mii=500
nmcli con mod bond0 -bond.options downdelay
nmcli con mod em1-1 remove sriov

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    NetworkManager官网
    NetworkManager官网—man pages

    Archlinux的nmcli用例—nmcli-examples - usage examples of nmcli
    Archlinux的NMCLI(1)—nmcli - command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager

    nmcli connection add 可以创建新连接
    ARGUMENTS := COMMON_OPTIONS TYPE_SPECIFIC_OPTIONS SLAVE_OPTIONS IP_OPTIONS [-- ([+|-]. )+]

  COMMON_OPTIONS:
                  type 
                  ifname  | "*"
                  [con-name ]
                  [autoconnect yes|no]
                  [save yes|no]
                  [master ]
                  [slave-type ]

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    nmcli connection add等效nmcli c a 

    sudo nmcli c a con-name 'ens33ConnTest001' ifname 'ens33' type ethernet ipv4.method 'manual' ipv4.addresses "192.168.168.224/24 , 192.168.168.225/24,192.168.168.226/24"  +ipv4.address '192.168.168.227/24' +ipv4.a '192.168.168.228/24' +ipv4.addre '192.168.168.229/24 , 192.168.168.230/24   ,     192.168.168.231/24'    +ipv4.addr "192.168.168.232/24" +ipv4.ad '192.168.168.233/24'  +ipv4.a 192.168.168.234/24,192.168.168.235/24 ipv4.gate 192.168.168.2  ipv4.dns 192.168.168.2,119.29.29.29,180.76.76.76,223.6.6.6,8.8.4.4,114.114.115.115 +ipv4.dns '223.5.5.5 , 8.8.8.8 , 1.1.1.1 , 114.114.114.114' +ipv4.dns 101.226.4.6,123.125.81.6 ipv4.ignore-auto-dns true ipv4.dns-search qq.com

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    ipv4.a(ipv4.addresses)可以设置多个(,逗号分隔,可以有空格),但只能出现一次, +ipv4.a(+ipv4.addresses)可以设置多个(,逗号分隔)可以出现多次
    网关ipv4.g(ipv4.gateway)只能有一个, (在图形界面也只能设置一个)
    ipv4.dns不能简写,可一次设置多个, +ipv4.dns可多次设置多个
    ipv4.dns-search可简写为ipv4.dns-s , 搜索域
    ipv4.ignore-auto-dns 取值 true|fasle 是否跳过自动域名 , 最简只能写成ipv4.ignore-auto-d
    上面的nmcli控制台语句会在/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ 目录生成 con-name指定的名称加上 .nmconnection 后缀的配置文件, 如果同名文件已存在, 就会再加一个UID
    上面的nmcli控制台语句生成的对应的配置文件的内容为

    [connection]
id=ens33ConnTest001
uuid=47b1917a-5eea-4160-b56f-680654c338c9
type=ethernet
interface-name=ens33

[ethernet]

[ipv4]
address1=192.168.168.224/24,192.168.168.2
address2=192.168.168.225/24
address3=192.168.168.226/24
address4=192.168.168.227/24
address5=192.168.168.228/24
address6=192.168.168.229/24
address7=192.168.168.230/24
address8=192.168.168.231/24
address9=192.168.168.232/24
address10=192.168.168.233/24
address11=192.168.168.234/24
address12=192.168.168.235/24
dns=192.168.168.2;119.29.29.29;180.76.76.76;223.6.6.6;8.8.4.4;114.114.115.115;223.5.5.5;8.8.8.8;1.1.1.1;114.114.114.114;101.226.4.6;123.125.81.6;
dns-search=qq.com;
ignore-auto-dns=true
method=manual

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=stable-privacy
method=auto

[proxy]

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    netplan可以从配置文件创建连接, NetworkManager暂时不知可否从配置文件创建连接,只能从图形界面或nmtui或nmcli c a创建新连接, nmcli c load只能加载已创建连接的配置文件, 不能加载自己添加的配置文件

    后来发现 NetworkManager 的 nmcli 也可以从配置文件创建新连接 , 不是用 nmcli connection load , 而是用 nmcli connection reload

    nmcli connection reload 会扫描加载所有/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ 目录下(不包括子目录) .nmconnection 结尾的配置文件, 然后用 nmcli connection up 连接名 激活连接

    *.nmconnection 必须符合 chmod 600 权限 -rw-------

    root@ud224:/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections# ll /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/
总用量 80
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root  940 10月 27 07:48  ./
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root  194 10月 27 07:35  ../
-rw------- 1 root root  344 10月 26 05:56  360电信移动铁通dns.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  313 10月 26 05:58  360联通dns.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  350 10月 26 04:10  阿里dns.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  298 10月 26 04:34  百度dns.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  301 10月 26 04:25  谷歌dns.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  315 10月 26 06:13  四川联通dns.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  295 10月 26 04:53  腾讯dns.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  300 10月 26 06:06  微软dns.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  427 10月 26 00:39 '有线连接 1.nmconnection'
-rw------- 1 root root  315 10月 26 05:37  CloudflareDNS.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  311 10月 26 05:26  CNNICdns.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  276 10月 26 02:14  Concise.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  236 10月 26 03:42  con-name.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  203 10月 26 03:45  ens33自动获取IP.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  741 10月 26 01:55  ens33ConnTest001.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  268 10月 26 05:01  IBMdns.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  312 10月 26 06:16  OpenDNS.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root 1069 10月 27 07:48  t001.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  729 10月 27 07:43  t002.nmconnection
-rw------- 1 root root  345 10月 27 07:33  t003.nmconnection
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root   34 10月 27 07:27  test/

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    添加一个简洁的,可当基础模板

    sudo nmcli connection add con-name 'Concise' ifname 'ens33' type 'ethernet' ipv4.method 'manual' ipv4.addresses "192.168.168.224/24" ipv4.gateway '192.168.168.2' ipv4.dns '192.168.168.2' ipv4.ignore-auto-dns false ipv4.dns-search google.cn

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    con-name, ifname , type 没法简写 , 区分大小写

    可以添加几个连接可用于做试验,或者方便快速切换

    sudo nmcli c a con-name 'con-name' ifname 'ens33' type 'EtherneT' ipv4.me 'manual' ipv4.a 192.168.168.224/24 ipv4.g 192.168.168.2

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    EtHeRnEt 不区分大小写 , 到配置文件会变为小写 ethernet

    sudo nmcli c a con-name 'ens33自动获取IP' ifname 'ens33' type EtHeRnEt ipv4.me auto

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    ipv4.xxx 也不区分大小写, 到配置文件都变小写

    sudo nmcli c a con-name '阿里dns' ifname ens33 type ethernet IpV4.me ManuaL iPV4.A 192.168.168.224/24 IPv4.g 192.168.168.2 ipv4.ignore-auto-dns true ipv4.dns 223.6.6.6,223.5.5.5

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    sudo nmcli c m '阿里dns' iPv4.iGnore-aUto-dNs true Ipv4.dnS 223.6.6.6,223.5.5.5 iPv4.dNs-SeArCh alibaba.com,aliyun.com,taobao.com

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    con-name, ifname , type 没法简写 , 而且区分大小写

    sudo nmcli c a con-name '谷歌dns' ifname ens33 type ETHERnet iPV4.mE mANuAl IpV4.aDDr 192.168.168.224/24 ipV4.GAte 192.168.168.2 IpV4.IgNorE-AUto-DnS TruE ipV4.dNS 8.8.4.4,8.8.8.8 ipV4.DnS-sEaRcH google.cn

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    sudo nmcli c a con-name 百度dns ifname ens33 type ethernet ipv4.me manual ipv4.a 192.168.168.224/24 ipv4.g 192.168.168.2 ipv4.ignore-auto-dns true ipv4.dns 180.76.76.76 ipv4.dns-search baidu.com

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    单引号

    sudo nmcli c a con-name '腾讯dns' ifname 'ens33' type 'ethernet' ipv4.me 'manual' ipv4.a '192.168.168.224/24' ipv4.g '192.168.168.2' ipv4.ignore-auto-dns 'true' ipv4.dns '119.29.29.29' ipv4.dns-search 'qq.com'

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    双引号

    sudo nmcli c a con-name "114dns" ifname "ens33" type "ethernet" ipv4.me "manual" ipv4.a "192.168.168.224/24" ipv4.g "192.168.168.2" ipv4.ignore-auto-dns "true" ipv4.dns "114.114.114.114,114.114.115.115"

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    大写

    sudo nmcli c a con-name 'IBMdns' ifname 'ens33' type 'ethernet' IPV4.ME manual IPV4.A 192.168.168.224/24 IPV4.G 192.168.168.2 IPV4.IGNORE-AUTO-DNS true IPV4.DNS '9.9.9.9'

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    全名大写

    sudo nmcli c a con-name 'CNNICdns' ifname 'ens33' type 'ethernet' IPV4.METHOD 'manual' IPV4.ADDRESSES 192.168.168.224/24 IPV4.GATEWAY 192.168.168.2 IPV4.IGNORE-AUTO-DNS 'true' IPV4.DNS '1.2.4.8,210.2.4.8' IPV4.DNS-SEARCH 'baidu.com,google.cn'

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    全名小写

    sudo nmcli c a con-name 'CloudflareDNS' ifname 'ens33' type 'ethernet' ipv4.method 'manual' ipv4.addresses '192.168.168.224/24' ipv4.gateway '192.168.168.2' ipv4.ignore-auto-dns 'true' ipv4.dns '1.1.1.1,1.0.0.1' ipv4.dns-search 'baidu.com,google.cn'

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    sudo nmcli c a con-name "360电信移动铁通dns" ifname "ens33" type "ethernet" ipv4.method "manual" ipv4.addresses "192.168.168.224/24" ipv4.gateway "192.168.168.2" ipv4.ignore-auto-dns "true" ipv4.dns "101.226.4.6 , 218.30.118.6" ipv4.dns-search "360.com"

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    sudo nmcli c a con-name 360联通dns ifname ens33 type ethernet ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.168.224/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.168.2 ipv4.ignore-auto-dns true ipv4.dns 123.125.81.6,140.207.198.6 ipv4.dns-search "360.com"

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    sudo nmcli c a con-name 微软dns ifname ens33 type ethernet ipv4.me manual ipv4.a 192.168.168.224/24 ipv4.g 192.168.168.2 ipv4.ignore-auto-dns true ipv4.dns 4.2.2.1,4.2.2.2 ipv4.dns-s bing.com

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    sudo nmcli c a con-name OpenDNS ifname ens33 type ethernet ipv4.me manual ipv4.a 192.168.168.224/24 ipv4.g 192.168.168.2 ipv4.ignore-auto-dns true ipv4.dns 208.67.222.222,208.67.220.220 ipv4.dns-s bing.com

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    修改为手动DNS

    sudo nmcli c m 'ens33ConnTest001' ipv4.ignore-auto-dns true

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    修改自动DNS

    sudo nmcli c m 'ens33ConnTest001' ipv4.ignore-auto-dns false

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    resolvectl 命令可以查看 dns




    另外, Ubuntu22,desktop和server版, 默认都没有 /etc/network/interfaces文件 , 没有networking服务

    z@U224d:/$ sudo cat /etc/network/interfaces
cat: /etc/network/interfaces: 没有那个文件或目录

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    root@ud224:/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections# systemctl status networking
Unit networking.service could not be found.

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    DNS默认用端口 53

    resolvectl 命令可以查看 dns

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/kfepiza/article/details/127544738