SQL CONCAT函数用于将两个字符串连接起来,形成一个单一的字符串。试试下面的例子:
- SQL> SELECT CONCAT('FIRST ', 'SECOND');
- +----------------------------+
- | CONCAT('FIRST ', 'SECOND') |
- +----------------------------+
- | FIRST SECOND |
- +----------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
想要更详细了解CONCAT函数,考虑EMPLOYEE_TBL的表具有以下记录:
- SQL> SELECT * FROM employee_tbl;
- +------+------+------------+--------------------+
- | id | name | work_date | daily_typing_pages |
- +------+------+------------+--------------------+
- | 1 | John | 2007-01-24 | 250 |
- | 2 | Ram | 2007-05-27 | 220 |
- | 3 | Jack | 2007-05-06 | 170 |
- | 3 | Jack | 2007-04-06 | 100 |
- | 4 | Jill | 2007-04-06 | 220 |
- | 5 | Zara | 2007-06-06 | 300 |
- | 5 | Zara | 2007-02-06 | 350 |
- +------+------+------------+--------------------+
- 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
现在,假设根据上述表要连接名员工ID和work_date,那么你可以使用下面的命令:
- SQL> SELECT CONCAT(id, name, work_date)
- -> FROM employee_tbl;
- +-----------------------------+
- | CONCAT(id, name, work_date) |
- +-----------------------------+
- | 1John2007-01-24 |
- | 2Ram2007-05-27 |
- | 3Jack2007-05-06 |
- | 3Jack2007-04-06 |
- | 4Jill2007-04-06 |
- | 5Zara2007-06-06 |
- | 5Zara2007-02-06 |
- +-----------------------------+
- 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用方法:
CONCAT_WS(separator,str1,str2,...)
CONCAT_WS() 代表 CONCAT With Separator ,是CONCAT()的特殊形式。第一个参数是其它参数的分隔符。分隔符的位置放在要连接的两个字符串之间。分隔符可以是一个字符串,也可以是其它参数。
注意:
如果分隔符为 NULL,则结果为 NULL。函数会忽略任何分隔符参数后的 NULL 值。如连接后以逗号分隔
- mysql> select concat_ws(',','11','22','33');+-------------------------------+
- | concat_ws(',','11','22','33') |
- +-------------------------------+
- | 11,22,33 |
- +-------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
和MySQL中concat函数不同的是, concat_ws函数在执行的时候,不会因为NULL值而返回NULL
- mysql> select concat_ws(',','11','22',NULL);
- +-------------------------------+
- | concat_ws(',','11','22',NULL) |
- +-------------------------------+
- | 11,22 |
- +-------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
完整的语法如下:
group_concat([DISTINCT] 要连接的字段 [Order BY ASC/DESC 排序字段] [Separator '分隔符'])
- mysql> select * from aa;
- +------+------+
- | id| name |
- +------+------+
- |1 | 10|
- |1 | 20|
- |1 | 20|
- |2 | 20|
- |3 | 200 |
- |3 | 500 |
- +------+------+
- 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以id分组,把name字段的值打印在一行,逗号分隔(默认)
- mysql> select id,group_concat(name) from aa group by id;
- +------+--------------------+
- | id| group_concat(name) |
- +------+--------------------+
- |1 | 10,20,20|
- |2 | 20 |
- |3 | 200,500|
- +------+--------------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以id分组,把name字段的值打印在一行,分号分隔
- mysql> select id,group_concat(name separator ';') from aa group by id;
- +------+----------------------------------+
- | id| group_concat(name separator ';') |
- +------+----------------------------------+
- |1 | 10;20;20 |
- |2 | 20|
- |3 | 200;500 |
- +------+----------------------------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以id分组,把去冗余的name字段的值打印在一行,逗号分隔
- mysql> select id,group_concat(distinct name) from aa group by id;
- +------+-----------------------------+
- | id| group_concat(distinct name) |
- +------+-----------------------------+
- |1 | 10,20|
- |2 | 20 |
- |3 | 200,500 |
- +------+-----------------------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以id分组,把name字段的值打印在一行,逗号分隔,以name排倒序
- mysql> select id,group_concat(name order by name desc) from aa group by id;
- +------+---------------------------------------+
- | id| group_concat(name order by name desc) |
- +------+---------------------------------------+
- |1 | 20,20,10 |
- |2 | 20|
- |3 | 500,200|
- +------+---------------------------------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)