参考：
Debug Information 1
Debug Information 2
Debug information is a collection of information that is generated by the C/C++ compiler or assembler program that describes the application for a debugger to use.
调试信息是由C/ c++编译器或汇编程序生成的一组信息，这些信息描述了供调试器使用的应用程序。
Debug information describes variables (type, scope, location), executable lines, and so on.
调试信息描述变量(类型、范围、位置)、可执行行等等。
Debugging information is generated by the compiler together with the machine code. It is a representation of the relationship between the executable program and the original source code. This information is encoded into a pre-defined format and stored alongside the machine code.
调试信息由编译器和机器代码一起生成。它表示可执行程序和原始源代码之间的关系。这些信息被编码成预先定义的格式，并与机器代码一起存储。