基于centos7安装多实例mysql8.0完整版(超级详细)

前言:
这个才是真正的mysql的安装方法 其他的方法,说实话,没啥意思
安装多实例mysql,以前一直失败,踩了不少的坑,终于安装成功了 ,今天就记录一下找整个centos系统下安装多台mysql的步骤及方法,希望对您有帮助,话不多说,盘她的

1 启动centos虚拟机

vagrant up
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使用SecureCRT连接上虚拟机

2 安装前检查

sudo find / -name "mysql"
sudo rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql
## 检查是否存在mysql的依赖
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa|grep myql
## 我的主机上检测出来是没有 如果有的话需要卸载
rpm -e mysql-.....
## 安装前检查依赖 存在依赖  如下 :
[vagrant@vagrant 192 tmp]$ rpm -qa|grep libaio
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64

## 上面一步缺少依赖的话  我们需要安装
sudo yum install -y libaio

## 卸载 mariadb
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64
yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64
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3 下载mysql安装包

下载网址

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
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下载版本 :
Product Version: 8.0.20

这里我们选择下载的版本是 mysql-8.0.20-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

由于我的在其他主机上安装过mysql ,因此直接从其他主机拷贝过来
如下:

scp mysql-8.0.20-el7-x86_64.tar.gz vagrant@192.168.56.20:/home/vagrant/
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在正式安装之前 还需要做如下准备工作

## 先检查是否有mysql用户
cat /etc/passwd|grep mysql
## 新建一个mysql用户 解压出来的mysql文件没有任何的属组，以及为了避免在配置、启动时MySQL不能读取某些文件，所以建议使用mysql用户来运行mysql
adduser mysql
## 删除用户 
userdel -r mysql
## 这里需要输入两次密码
passwd mysql
## 切换到mysql用户创建文件夹
## bash终端不显示全路径  执行如下命令即可
sudo echo "export PS1='[\u@\h \$PWD]# '" >> /etc/profile;source /etc/profile

## 解压文件
 tar xf mysql-8.0.20-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /home/mysql/
## 文件重命名
mv mysql-8.0.20-el7-x86_64/ mysql0

## 修改文件所属用户和组
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql0/
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4 修改配置

scp my.cnf vagrant@192.168.56.20:/home/mysql/mysql0
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/home/mysql/mysql0/my.cnf

[mysql]
default-character-set=UTF8MB4
port=26200
socket=/home/mysql/mysql0/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
bind-address=192.168.56.20 
port=26200
basedir=/home/mysql/mysql0/mysql
datadir=/home/mysql/mysql0/mysql/data/
socket=/home/mysql/mysql0/mysql/mysql.sock  
mysqlx_port=26201
mysqlx_socket=/home/mysql/mysql0/mysql/mysqlx.sock
user=mysql
max_connect_errors=500 
character-set-server=UTF8MB4

[client] 
port=26200
socket=/home/mysql/mysql0/mysql/mysql.sock
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/home/mysql/mysql0/support-files/mysql.server做如下修改

basedir=/home/mysql/mysql0
datadir=/home/mysql/mysql0/data

# Set some defaults
mysqld_pid_file_path=/home/mysql/mysql0

if test -z "$basedir"
then
  ## 这里需要修改 
  basedir=/home/mysql/mysql0
  ## 这里需要修改 
  bindir=/home/mysql/mysql0/bin
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
  	## 这里需要修改 
    datadir=/home/mysql/mysql0/data
  fi
  ## 这里需要修改 
  sbindir=/home/mysql/mysql0/bin
  ## 这里需要修改 
  libexecdir=/home/mysql/mysql0/bin
else
  bindir="$basedir/bin"
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir="$basedir/data"
  fi
  sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
  libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
## 这里需要修改 
conf=/home/mysql/mysql0/my.cnf
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/home/mysql/mysql0/support-files/mysqld_multi.server

basedir=/home/mysql/mysql0
bindir=/home/mysql/mysql0/bin
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5 初始化安装并启动服务

 ## cd 到bin所在目录
 cd /home/mysql/mysql0
 ## 初始化
 ./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/mysql/mysql0/my.cnf --initialize --console --user=mysql

 ## password is generated for root@localhost: *!-Br>kzk7kl 安装成功之后的密码提示

## 启动服务
./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=./my.cnf &
[1] 7022
[mysql@localhost /home/mysql/mysql0]# 2022-09-10T08:12:38.404134Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/home/mysql/mysql0/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
2022-09-10T08:12:38.431221Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /home/mysql/mysql0/data
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查看端口号

首次登录我们使用socket 登录修改密码

./bin/mysql --socket=./mysql.sock -uroot -p
## 修改用户密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH MYSQL_NATIVE_PASSWORD BY ''; 
## 更新root用户可以远程访问
update mysql.user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
## 刷新权限
flush privileges;
## 修改密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH MYSQL_NATIVE_PASSWORD BY 'password';
flush privileges;
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以后我们登录mysql服务器可以使用远程登录的方式

mysql -u'用户名' -p'密码' -P'端口号' -h'ip地址'
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小结:
以上安装方式虽然可行,但是每次安装都需要拷贝全部的mysql文件 占用磁盘空间 这种方式当然是不理想的,因此我们使用第二种方式,第二种方式mysql软件就使用一个 具体的步骤如下:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 . 拷贝一份mysql的安装文件到 /usr/local/mysql/目录下

cd /usr/local/
mkdir mysql
cp -rvf /home/mysql/mysql_0/mysql /usr/local/mysql
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由于我们想要在终端中的任意位置都可以使用mysql中的相关命令,为此做如下配置

vim ~/.bashrc 
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
source ~/.bashrc 
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2.将/home/mysql/mysql_0/mysql 的所有文件全部删除,新建一个mysql的配置文件 my.cnf

[mysql]
default-character-set=UTF8MB4
port=27200
socket=/home/mysql/mysql_0/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
## 这里填写些主机的ip地址
bind-address=
### 端口号
port=27200
### 安装目录 这里一定要是mysql安装的目录 否则后续 你一定无法启动mysql服务 相信我
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
### 数据存放路径
datadir=/home/mysql/mysql_0/mysql/data/
### 会话文件目录
socket=/home/mysql/mysql_0/mysql/mysql.sock
mysqlx_port=27201
mysqlx_socket=/home/mysql/mysql_0/mysql/mysqlx.sock
user=mysql
## pid文件所在的位置
pid-file=/home/mysql/mysql_0/mysql/mysqld.pid
## 允许连接失败的最大次数
max_connect_errors=500
character-set-server=UTF8MB4
## 警告 could not be resolved: Temporary failure in name resolution
# 禁用dns解析的参数
skip-name-resolve
[client]
port=27200
socket=/home/mysql/mysql_0/mysql/mysql.sock
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4 .将/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server文件复制一份到 my.cnf所在的位置

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /home/mysql/mysql_0/mysql
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做如下修改 :
标注了 #### 的地方都是要做修改的

#!/bin/sh
# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind

# MySQL daemon start/stop script.

# Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based
# systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.
# When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is
# started and shut down when the systems goes down.

# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux
# chkconfig: 2345 64 36
# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.

# Comments to support LSB init script conventions
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: mysql
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Default-Start:  2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start and stop MySQL
# Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
### END INIT INFO
 
# If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you
# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
#
# - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
#   [mysqld]
#   basedir=
# - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
#   and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
#   below.
#
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.

# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.

basedir=
datadir=
#### 配置文件所在目录 这里很重要 不要配置错
mydatadir=/home/mysql/mysql0
# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start. 
# Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. 
# 0 means don't wait at all
# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
service_startup_timeout=900

# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"

# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.

# Set some defaults
## 配置文件中写
#######################################################
mysqld_pid_file_path=
if test -z "$basedir"
then
  basedir=/usr/local/mysql
  bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
  fi
  sbindir=/home/mysql/mysql/bin
  libexecdir=/home/mysql/mysql/bin
else
  bindir="$basedir/bin"
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir="$basedir/data"
  fi
  sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
  libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
## 上面这些配置其实都写在了配置文件的 因此写不写都无所谓
#######################################################
# datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be
# *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)
datadir_set=

#
# Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible
#
lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"
if test -f $lsb_functions ; then
  . $lsb_functions
else
  log_success_msg()
  {
    echo " SUCCESS! $@"
  }
  log_failure_msg()
  {
    echo " ERROR! $@"
  }
fi

PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"
export PATH

mode=$1    # start or stop

[ $# -ge 1 ] && shift


other_args="$*"   # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action
           # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"
           # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility
           # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.
#echo "other_args : "$other_args
case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in
    *c*,-n*) echo_n=   echo_c=     ;;
    *c*,*)   echo_n=-n echo_c=     ;;
    *)       echo_n=   echo_c='\c' ;;
esac
## 真正解析参数 参数都是写在配置文件中的 比如 ip 端口号 pid-file等等
serv_port=""
bind_address=""
parse_server_arguments() {
  for arg do
    case "$arg" in
      --basedir=*)  basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
                    bindir="$basedir/bin"
		    if test -z "$datadir_set"; then
		      datadir="$basedir/data"
		    fi
		    sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
		    libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
        ;;
      --datadir=*)  datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
		    datadir_set=1
	;;
      --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
      --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
      #### 这里也是后面新增加的 为了后面使用此及脚本 可以输出配置文件中的 ip 和 端口号
      --port=*) serv_port=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
      --bind-address=*)bind_address=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
    esac
  done
}

pid=""
wait_for_pid () {
  verb="$1"           # created | removed
  pid="$2"            # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file
  pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file.

  i=0
  avoid_race_condition="by checking again"

  while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do

    case "$verb" in
      'created')
        # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.
        test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && echo "pid : "$pid && break
        ;;
      'removed')
        # wait for this PID-file to disappear
        ## 判断pid文件在不在 如果不在直接退出 mysql服务器在退出的时候 会删除 pid文件
	test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
        ;;
      *)
        echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"
        exit 1
        ;;
    esac

    # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated
    if test -n "$pid"; then
      ## kill -0 "$pid" 检测pid是否存在
      if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
        :  # the server still runs
      else
        # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.  
        if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then
          avoid_race_condition=""
          continue  # Check again.
        fi

        # there's nothing that will affect the file.
        log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."
        return 1  # not waiting any more.
      fi
    fi

    echo $echo_n ".$echo_c"
    i=`expr $i + 1`
    sleep 1

  done

  if test -z "$i" ; then
    log_success_msg
    return 0
  else
    log_failure_msg
    return 1
  fi
}

# Get arguments from the my.cnf file,
# the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]
# echo "print_defaults : "$print_defaults
### mysql自带的一个工具 可以转换配置文件
if test -x "$bindir/my_print_defaults";  then
  print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"
 ## echo "print_defaults : "$print_defaults
 ####################################################
else
  ## my_print_defaults这里其实配不配都无所谓
  # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf
  conf=/home/mysql/mysql1/my.cnf
  print_defaults=
  ## echo "print_defaults : "$print_defaults
  if test -r $conf
  then
    subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$'
    dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf`
    for d in $dirs
    do
      d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ 	]//g'`
      if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
      then
        print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
        break
      fi
    done
  fi
  ## 以上的可以忽略不看 正常情况下mysql的安装目录下都是存在 my_print_defaults的 除非运气不好
####################################################
  # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it
  test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"
fi
## echo  '*************************'$conf
#
# Read defaults file from 'basedir'.   If there is no defaults file there
# check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there
#

extra_args=""
defaultsfile=""
## 给配置文件赋值
if test -r "$mydatadir/my.cnf"
then
  extra_args="-e $mydatadir/my.cnf"
  defaultsfile=$mydatadir/my.cnf
  ##echo "defaultsfile : "$defaultsfile
  ##echo "extra_args : "$extra_args
fi
## echo 'print_defaults:'$print_defaults
## 使用 my_print_defaults 进行参数转换 解析配置文件
parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`

echo "bind_address : "$bind_address
echo "serv_port : " $serv_port
#
# Set pid file if not given
#
if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
  mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid
else
  case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in
    /* ) ;;
    * )  mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;;
  esac
fi
## 正篇开始
case "$mode" in
  'start')
    # Start daemon

    # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
   ## echo "basedir : "$basedir
    cd $basedir
   ## echo "other_args : "$other_args
    if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
    then
      # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
      # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
      ##### mysql服务器没拉 才拉 mysql自带的脚本这里没有 判断 有问题
      if [ -z "`netstat -tl|grep $serv_port`" ]; then
      	echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
        $bindir/mysqld --defaults-file="$defaultsfile" $other_args >/dev/null &
        ## $! 最后运行的pid
	pid=$!
	wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
      else
	echo "mysql server is started in port : "$serv_port
	exit 0
      fi

      # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -w "$lockdir"
      then
        touch "$lock_file_path"
      fi

      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"
    fi
    ;;

  'stop')
    # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the
    # root password.

    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    then
      # signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop
      touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown"
      ## 查看pif
      mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`
      ## 如果pid存在	
      if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
      then
	## 准备停止mysql server
        echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"
        ## 停止直接使用 kill
	kill $mysqld_pid
        # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
	## 如果mysql服务退出  会自动删除pid文件
        wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"
        rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      fi

      # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -f "$lock_file_path"
      then
        rm -f "$lock_file_path"
      fi
      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!"
    fi
    ;;

  'restart')
    # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
    # running or not, start it again.
    if $0 stop  $other_args; then
      $0 start $other_args
    else
      log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;

  'reload'|'force-reload')
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
      read mysqld_pid <  "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"
      touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    else
      log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;
  'status')
    # First, check to see if pid file exists
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then 
      read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then 
        log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 0
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"
        exit 1
      fi
    else
      # Try to find appropriate mysqld process
      mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld`

      # test if multiple pids exist
      pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`
      if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then
        log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 5
      elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then 
        if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then 
          log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"
          exit 2
        fi 
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"
        exit 3
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"
        exit 4
      fi
    fi
    ;;
    *)
      # usage
      basename=`basename "$0"`
      echo "Usage: $basename  {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}  [ MySQL server options ]"
      exit 1
    ;;
esac
exit 0
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5 初始化mysql

mysqld --defaults-file=/home/mysql/mysql_1/mysql/my.cnf --initialize --console --user=mysql
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6 启动mysql服务

## 用法 
Usage: server.sh  {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}  [ MySQL server options ]
./server.sh start
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启动成功 如下 :

启动多台
查看端口号

netstat -tlnp|grep mysql
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7 使用 socket 的方式连接 mysql

## 密码在初始化完成后会自动生成
mysql --socket=./mysql.sock -uroot -p
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8 修改密码及远程登录访问

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH MYSQL_NATIVE_PASSWORD BY ''; 
update mysql.user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
flush privileges;
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH MYSQL_NATIVE_PASSWORD BY 'password';
flush privileges;
## 分配系统权限给root用户
grant system_user on *.* to 'root';
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8 远程登录测试

mysql -uroot -pxxx -P27xxx-h192.168.xx.xxx
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登录成功后 如下

使用 SQL yog远程连接

安装其它实例的mysql,只需要创建mysql数据创建的目录,修改配置文件,修改启动脚本,详细如下:

[mysql]
default-character-set=UTF8MB4
port=21200
socket=/home/mysql/mysql1/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
## ip不用变
bind-address=192.168.56.10 
## 端口号改
port=21200
## 不修改
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
## 一定要修改成存放mysql数据的目录
datadir=/home/mysql/mysql1/data
## 改
socket=/home/mysql/mysql1/mysql.sock 
## 改 
mysqlx_port=21201
## 改
mysqlx_socket=/home/mysql/mysql1/mysqlx.sock
user=mysql
max_connect_errors=500 
character-set-server=UTF8MB4
## pid文件的位置
## 必改
pid-file=/home/mysql/mysql1/mysqld.pid
# 禁用dns解析的参数
skip-name-resolve
[client] 
## 这2个也需要更改
port=21200
socket=/home/mysql/mysql1/mysql.sock
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修改完成之后,执行初始化 ,启动服务 修改密码,然后就可以快乐开启你的mysql学习之旅了,come on !!!

至此 centos下安装多台mysql就大功告成啦 今天是中秋节 祝大家节日快乐 生活愉快!!! 如果这个对你有用 请转发支持 您的支持将是我持续创作的动力~~~~ 谢谢 !!!!