• Java 监控直播流rtsp协议转rtmp、hls、httpflv协议返回浏览器


    Java 监控直播流rtsp协议转rtmp、hls、httpflv协议返回浏览器

    需求背景:

    在做之前的项目的时候有一个对接摄像头实时播放的需求,由于我们摄像头的购买量不是很多,海康威视不给我们提供流媒体云服务器,所以需要我们自己去 一个去满足我们能在浏览器看到监控画面。项目源代码在以前公司没有拷贝就不能复习,最近又在准备面试,所以写了这个博客来复盘和扩展一下,由于我现在没有Liunx,我就用Windows来演示,生产环境还是要使用Liunx,下面这些操作在Liunx也是一样的流程,大家自行百度。

    一:了解音视频流协议:

    媒体流协议对比
    协议HttpFlvRTMPHLSDash
    全称FLASH VIDEO over HTTPReal Time Message ProtocolHTTP Living Streaming
    传输方式HTTP长连接TCP长连接HTTP短连接HTTP短连接
    视频封装格式FLV

    FLV TAG

    TS文件

    Mp4

    3gp

    webm

    原理

    RTMP,使用HTTP协议(80端口)

    每个时刻的数据收到后立刻转发

    集合一段时间的数据,生成TS切片文件(三片),并更新m3u8索引

    延时

    1~3秒

    1~3秒

    5~20秒(依切片情况)

    数据分段连续流连续流切片文件切片文件
    Html5播放

    可通过HTML5解封包播放

    (flv.js)

    不支持

    可通过HTML5解封包播放

    (hls.js)

    如果dash文件列表是MP4,

    webm文件,可直接播放

    其它

    需要Flash技术支持,不支持多音频流、多视频流,不便于seek(即拖进度条)

    跨平台支持较差,需要Flash技术支持

    播放时需要多次请求,对于网络质量要求高

    二:方案一 rtsp 转rtmp

    1、下载nginx + nginx-rtmp-module

    nginx:下载地址:http://nginx-win.ecsds.eu/download/

    nginx-rtmp-module:nginx 的扩展,安装后支持rtmp协议,下载地址:https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module

    解压nginx-rtmp-module到nginx根目录下,并修改其文件夹名为nginx-rtmp-module(原名为nginx-rtmp-module-master)

    2、nginx配置文件

    到nginx根目录下的conf目录下复制一份nginx-win.conf 重命名 nginx-win-rtmp.conf

    1662446414092

    nginx-win-rtmp.conf:

    #user  nobody;
    # multiple workers works !
    worker_processes  2;
    
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    events {
        worker_connections  8192;
        # max value 32768, nginx recycling connections+registry optimization = 
        #   this.value * 20 = max concurrent connections currently tested with one worker
        #   C1000K should be possible depending there is enough ram/cpu power
        # multi_accept on;
    }
    
    rtmp {
        server {
            listen 1935;
            chunk_size 4000;
    		
            application live {
                 live on;
                 # 播放时进行回调,如果HttpRespone statusCode不等于200会断开
    			 # on_play http://localhost:8081/auth;
            }
    		
    		application hls {
    		     live on; 
    		     # 开启hls切片
                 hls on;
                 # m3u8地址
    			 hls_path html/hls;
    			 # 一个切片多少秒
    			 hls_fragment 8s;
    			 # on_play http://localhost:8081/auth;
    			 # on_publish http://localhost:8081/auth;
    			 # on_done http://localhost:8081/auth;
            }
        }
    }
    
    http {
        #include      /nginx/conf/naxsi_core.rules;
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr:$remote_port - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    
    #     # loadbalancing PHP
    #     upstream myLoadBalancer {
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9001 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9002 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9003 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9004 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9005 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9006 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9007 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9008 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9009 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         server 127.0.0.1:9010 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
    #         least_conn;
    #     }
    
        sendfile        off;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    
    ## Start: Timeouts ##
        client_body_timeout   10;
        client_header_timeout 10;
        keepalive_timeout     30;
        send_timeout          10;
        keepalive_requests    10;
    ## End: Timeouts ##
    
        #gzip  on;
    
        server {
            listen       5080;
            server_name  localhost;
    
    
            location /stat {
                rtmp_stat all;
                rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
            }
            location /stat.xsl {
                root nginx-rtmp-module/;
            }
            location /control {
                rtmp_control all;
            }
    		
    		location /hls {
                # Serve HLS fragments
                types {
                    application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
                    video/mp2t ts;
                }
                expires -1;
                add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
            }
    
            #charset koi8-r;
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    
            ## Caching Static Files, put before first location
            #location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
            #    expires 14d;
            #    add_header Vary Accept-Encoding;
            #}
    
    # For Naxsi remove the single # line for learn mode, or the ## lines for full WAF mode
            location / {
                #include    /nginx/conf/mysite.rules; # see also http block naxsi include line
                ##SecRulesEnabled;
             ##DeniedUrl "/RequestDenied";
             ##CheckRule "$SQL >= 8" BLOCK;
             ##CheckRule "$RFI >= 8" BLOCK;
             ##CheckRule "$TRAVERSAL >= 4" BLOCK;
             ##CheckRule "$XSS >= 8" BLOCK;
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
            }
    
    # For Naxsi remove the ## lines for full WAF mode, redirect location block used by naxsi
            ##location /RequestDenied {
            ##    return 412;
            ##}
    
    ## Lua examples !
    #         location /robots.txt {
    #           rewrite_by_lua '
    #             if ngx.var.http_host ~= "localhost" then
    #               return ngx.exec("/robots_disallow.txt");
    #             end
    #           ';
    #         }
    
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
    
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    root           html;
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000; # single backend process
            #    fastcgi_pass   myLoadBalancer; # or multiple, see example above
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            #    include        fastcgi_params;
            #}
    
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /\.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
    
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
        # HTTPS server
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       443 ssl spdy;
        #    server_name  localhost;
    
        #    ssl                  on;
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers On;
        #    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
        #    ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:ECDH+3DES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:RSA+3DES:!aNULL:!eNULL:!MD5:!DSS:!EXP:!ADH:!LOW:!MEDIUM;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    }
    
    

    3、cmd 到nginx根目录启动nginx

    nginx.exe -c conf\nginx-win-rtmp.conf
    

    测试:浏览器输入 http://localhost:5080/stat,看到

    1662447230276

    代表安装成功

    4、下载ffmpeg安装

    ffmpeg:一个处理音视频强大的库,我们需要用它来转协议,下载地址:https://www.gyan.dev/ffmpeg/builds/ ,这里可以下载essential和full版本,essential就是简版,只包含ffmpeg.exe、ffplay.exe、
    ffprobe.exe, 而full版本就包含了动态库和相关头文件,方便我们在开发中调用。1662447683259

    5、配置ffmpeg环境变量

    将ffmpeg解压后里面的bin路径复制到Path里面去1662447882146

    6、测试ffmpeg

    cmd ffmpeg -version 命令看到代表成功
    1662448084603

    7、下载VLC播放器

    下载地址:https://www.videolan.org/vlc/
    1662448603611

    8、查摄像头的rtsp协议格式

    我这里截图是海康威视的

    1662449507796

    1662449600452

    现在没有测试的流,我找了个点播的rtsp

    rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4,用这个代替是一样的

    9、执行ffmpeg命令

    ffmpeg强大,命令也是复杂,我们cmd 执行

    ffmpeg -re -rtsp_transport tcp -stimeout 20000000 -i "rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4" -buffer_size 1024000 -max_delay 500000 -codec:v libx264 -r 25 -rtbufsize 10M -s 1280x720 -map:v 0 -an -f flv rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/live/test
    

    rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4,是输入源头
    rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/live/test 是输出地址

    如果没有报错的话,到现在rtsp就已经转换好了

    ffmpeg命令学习:https://www.jianshu.com/p/df3216a52e59https://blog.csdn.net/fuhanghang/article/details/123565920

    10、测试rtmp是否转换成功

    我们打开VLC,媒体->打开网络串流->输入 rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/live/test-> 播放

    1662450258097

    11、测试是否成功

    等待几秒钟看到有视频播放就是成功了

    1662450826524

    12、为什么放弃了用rtmp

    rtmp的优点是延迟低,效率高,但是在浏览器需要安装flash才能放,也就老版本的浏览器在用,rtmp可能会在别的地方支持,所以还是把他方式方法贴出来了。

    三:方案二 rtsp转hls

    1、nginx配置:

    在前面已经贴出来了,其中这几个是针对hls的

    1662453005569

    1662453069930

    2、执行ffmepg命令

    ffmpeg -i "rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4" -vcodec libx264 -acodec aac -f flv rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/hls/test
    

    3、查看nginx根目录 -> hls -> test.m3u8 是否生成

    生成了代表一切正常

    1662453591008

    4、m3u8在网页上播放

    html>
    <html lang="zh-CN">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>前端播放m3u8格式视频title>
        
        <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/video.js/7.6.5/alt/video-js-cdn.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
        <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/video.js/6.6.2/video.js">script>
        
        <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/videojs-contrib-hls/5.15.0/videojs-contrib-hls.min.js">script>
    head>
    <body>
        <video id="myVideo" class="video-js vjs-default-skin vjs-big-play-centered" controls preload="auto" width="1080" height="708" data-setup='{}'>    
            <source id="source" src="http://127.0.0.1:5080/hls/test.m3u8"  type="application/x-mpegURL">
        video>
    body>
    <script>    
        // videojs 简单使用  
        var myVideo = videojs('myVideo',{
            bigPlayButton : true, 
            textTrackDisplay : false, 
            posterImage: false,
            errorDisplay : false,
        })
        myVideo.play() // 视频播放
        myVideo.pause() // 视频暂停
    script>
    html>
    

    source标签的src属性:http://你的nginx ip:nginx http端口/hls/test.m3u8

    1662453869453

    rtsp转HLS成功!

    5、认识一下m3u8格式

    m3u8文件里面存储了一个索引,以文本格式打开是这样的

    #EXTM3U
    #EXT-X-VERSION:3
    #EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:56
    #EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:13
    #EXTINF:10.381,
    test-56.ts
    #EXTINF:10.422,
    test-57.ts
    #EXTINF:13.453,
    test-58.ts
    

    m3u8文件它不是视频源,源头是ts后缀文件
    1662454031515

    6、为什么放弃了用HLS

    转HLS协议及网页加载过程:

    ffmepg收到rtsp的流时候,会等一个切片的时间,一个切片时间到了,切片ts会放到服务器中,同时m3u8文件中加一个索引,对应着新进入的切片。网页在加载m3u8的时候,就是读取m3u8中的的索引去加载ts文件,所以在不断的请求ts,对ts进行解析,不断的和TCP握手,这就是为什么HLS延迟高和对网速的要求高的原因,我们监控肯定是要延迟低的,HLS兼容性好,适合点播。

    四:方案三rtsp 转httpflv(采用)

    1、安装nginx-flv-module

    这个插件需要编译,教程:https://blog.csdn.net/KayChanGEEK/article/details/105095844

    我这里已经编译好了,直接下载启动:

    https://gitee.com/isyuesen/nginx-flv-file

    2、nginx配置

    看我git里面的https://gitee.com/isyuesen/nginx-flv-file/blob/master/conf/nginx.conf,和默认的config差别主要是添加了这几个

    rtmp {  
        server {  
            listen 1935;
            # 流复用的最大块大小
            chunk_size 4000;  
            application liveapp { 
                live on;
                # 推流开始
    			on_publish http://localhost:8081/auth;
    			# 推流关闭
    			on_publish_done http://localhost:8081/auth;
    			# 客户端开始播放
    			on_play http://localhost:8081/auth;
    			# 客户端结束播放
    			on_play_done http://localhost:8081/auth;
            }  
        }  
    }
    
    location /live {
        flv_live on;
        chunked_transfer_encoding on;
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true'; #add additional HTTP header
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*'; #add additional HTTP header
        add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers X-Requested-With;
        add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods GET,POST,OPTIONS;
        add_header 'Cache-Control' 'no-cache';
    }
    

    3、做java权限认证

    nginx rtmp配置中有配置on_publish钩子接口 http://localhost:8081/auth,这个回调HttpResponse stausCode如果不等于200会拒绝I/O,更多回调钩子看:https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module/wiki/Directives#on_connect

    @PostMapping("/auth")
        public void getVideo(String token, HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
            if (token.equals("tokenValue")) {
                httpServletResponse.setStatus(200);
            } else {
                // 拒绝服务
                httpServletResponse.setStatus(500);
            }
        }
    

    4、执行ffmepg命令:

    ffmpeg -re  -rtsp_transport tcp -i "rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4" -f flv -vcodec h264 -vprofile baseline -acodec aac -ar 44100 -strict -2 -ac 1 -f flv -s 640*360 -q 10 "rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/liveapp/test"
    

    4.1 采用java代码去执行ffmepg命令

    依赖 javaCV

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.bytedecogroupId>
        <artifactId>javacv-platformartifactId>
        <version>1.5.2version>
    dependency>
    
    public class App {
        public static void main( String[] args ) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            String name = "test";
            // rtsp地址
            String rtspDir = "rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4";
            // rtmp地址
            String rtmpDir = "rtmp://192.168.0.140:1935/liveapp/" + name + "?token=tokenValue";
    
            String ffmpeg = Loader.load(org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.ffmpeg.class);
            ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(ffmpeg,
                    "-re",
                    "-rtsp_transport",
                    "tcp",
                    "-i",
                    rtspDir,
                    "-f",
                    "flv",
                    "-vcodec",
                    "h264",
                    "-vprofile",
                    "baseline",
                    "-acodec",
                    "aac",
                    "-ar",
                    "44100",
                    "-strict",
                    "-2",
                    "-ac",
                    "1",
                    "-f",
                    "flv",
                    "-s",
                    "640*360",
                    "-q",
                    "10",
                    rtmpDir
            );
            pb.inheritIO().start().waitFor();
        }
    }
    

    5、测试http-flv链接

    如果你跟着我做的,那链接就是 http://127.0.0.1:18080/live?port=1935&app=liveapp&stream=test&token=tokenValue,在VLC播放器中点击媒体 -> 打开网络串流 -> 输入http://127.0.0.1:18080/live?port=1935&app=liveapp&stream=test&token=tokenValue -> 播放

    有视频证明你离成功就差最后一步

    6、前端使用flv.js播放:

    html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <meta name="viewport"
            content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
      <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
      <title>播放http-flvtitle>
    head>
    <body>
    <video id="videoElement">video>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/flv.js/1.6.2/flv.min.js">script>
    <script>
      if (flvjs.isSupported()) {
          const videoElement = document.getElementById('videoElement');
          const flvPlayer = flvjs.createPlayer({
            type: 'flv',
            url: 'http://127.0.0.1:18080/live?port=1935&app=liveapp&stream=test&token=tokenValue'
          });
          flvPlayer.attachMediaElement(videoElement);
          flvPlayer.load();
          flvPlayer.play();
    	}
    script>
    body>
    html>
    

    7、大功告成

    1662482995076

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/isyuesen/p/16663900.html