• 物联网开发笔记（9）- 使用Wokwi仿真MicroPython on ESP32开发板实现温度和湿度检测并使用屏幕显示

    一、测试环境

    我们同样使用在Wokwi网站上选择Micropython with ESP32进行仿真，来进行温度和湿度的检测。

    ESP32官方技术参考手册：

    https://www.espressif.com.cn/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32_technical_reference_manual_en.pdfhttps://www.espressif.com.cn/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32_technical_reference_manual_en.pdf中文资料可查看乐鑫官网：

    技术文档 | 乐鑫科技Downloads: SDK & Demos, APKs, Tools and Documents for Espressif Systems products and solutionshttps://www.espressif.com.cn/zh-hans/support/documents/technical-documents

    二、硬件环境

    温度湿度DHT22使用说明和显示屏ssd1366使用说明

    wokwi-dht22 Reference | Wokwi DocsDigital Humidity and Temperature sensor.https://docs.wokwi.com/parts/wokwi-dht22board-ssd1306 Reference | Wokwi DocsMonochrome 128x64 OLED display with I2C interfacehttps://docs.wokwi.com/parts/board-ssd1306三、代码说明

    main.py

    1. '''
    2. oled温湿度报警,
    3. 可手动设定警戒值的报警装置，可以用于一些特定环境的温湿度控制
    4. 可以自己设定间隔时间
    5. 可以通过串口进行最高最低温度的设置等，省的设置一堆按钮显得乱
    6. '''
    7. from machine import Pin,PWM,I2C,Timer,UART
    8. import time,machine,ssd1306,dht
    9.  
    10. uart1=UART(1,115200)  #调用串口uart1
    11. uart1.init(115200,bits=8,parity=None,stop=1)  #初始化串口相关参数
    12. Tim_S=Timer(0)   #定时器对象，很怪，有了这个定时器，下面的蜂鸣器没有了短促的鸣叫
    13. key=Pin(27, Pin.OUT)  # 蜂鸣器接GPIO27口
    14. Buzzer= PWM(key)    #定义蜂鸣器
    15. Buzzer.duty(0)      #控制蜂鸣器初始关闭状态
    16. global data
    17. data = dht.DHT22(Pin(15))  #实例化15号管脚，21被占用了
    18. i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21))   #对应管脚
    19. oled_width = 128  ##画幅大小。oled屏幕宽度128
    20. oled_height = 64   #画幅大小。oled屏幕高度64
    21. oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(oled_width, oled_height, i2c)   #调用，设置像素大小
    22. i=0
    23. space=3000   #设置数据更新时间，默认三秒，可修改但是要为整型。
    24. point=['','.','..','...']   #oled显示“...”动态，表示在工作
    25. Warn_tem_Max=29.0  # 设置最高温度。可修改为浮点型
    26. Warn_tem_Min=26.0  # 设置最高温度。可修改为浮点型
    27. Warn_hum_Max=60.0  # 设置最大湿度。可修改为浮点型
    28. Warn_hum_Min=40.0  # 设置最小湿度。可修改为浮点型
    29. L_Blue=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)  #内置小灯，判断状态，命令设置成功闪亮
    30.  
    31. def Voice_On():   #开启调用
    32.   Buzzer.duty(512)   #设置蜂鸣器占空比
    33.   Buzzer.freq(2000)  #设置蜂鸣器频率
    34.   time.sleep(0.5)
    35.   Buzzer.duty(0)
    36.   time.sleep(0.5)
    37.  
    38. def Voice_Off():   #关闭调用
    39.   Buzzer.duty(0)   #蜂鸣器关闭
    40.  
    41. def Open_Test(t):
    42.   data.measure()     #先调用测量函数，获取温湿度
    43.   global temp
    44.   temp=data.temperature()
    45.   global humi
    46.   humi=data.humidity()
    47.  
    48. def max_or_min():
    49.   global tem_Max
    50.   global tem_Min
    51.   global hum_Max
    52.   global hum_Min
    53.   if int(temp)>tem_Max:
    54.     tem_Max=int(temp)
    55.   if int(temp)
    56.     tem_Min=int(temp)
    57.   if int(humi)>hum_Max:
    58.     hum_Max=int(humi)
    59.   if int(humi)
    60.     hum_Min=int(humi)
    61.  
    62. def Print():
    63.   global i
    64.   oled.text('Temp:'+str(temp), 0, 12)
    65.   oled.text('Max:'+str(tem_Max), 0, 26)    #空一段，最大最小
    66.   oled.text('Min:'+str(tem_Min), 64, 26)
    67.   oled.text('Humi:'+str(humi), 0,40)
    68.   oled.text('Max:'+str(hum_Max), 0, 57)    
    69.   oled.text('Min:'+str(hum_Min), 64, 57)
    70.   oled.text('working'+point[i%4], 25, 0)
    71.   oled.show()
    72.   time.sleep(0.2)
    73.   oled.fill(0)
    74.   i=i+1
    75.  
    76. def Is_Int(Dir):   #异常处理。整型
    77.   try:
    78.     int(Dir)
    79.     return True
    80.   except ValueError:
    81.     pass
    82.  
    83. def Is_Float(Dir):   #异常处理。浮点型
    84.   try:
    85.     float(Dir)
    86.     return True
    87.   except ValueError:
    88.     pass
    89.  
    90. def twink():
    91.   L_Blue.value(1)
    92.   time.sleep(0.5)
    93.   L_Blue.value(0)
    94.   time.sleep(0.5)
    95.   L_Blue.value(1)
    96.   time.sleep(0.5)
    97.   L_Blue.value(0)
    98.   time.sleep(0.5)
    99.  
    100. oled.fill(0) #清屏
    101. oled.text('Welcome!', 10, 10)   #欢迎界面   
    102. oled.show()
    103. time.sleep(0.5)
    104. oled.fill(0) #清屏
    105.  
    106. Open_Test(0)  #先调用，才能全局改变下面的变量
    107. Tim_S.init(period=space,mode=Timer.PERIODIC,callback=Open_Test)
    108. #效果是到定义的时间就调用函数收集一下数据，但是程序依然在运行，到主函数后会因为未到指定时间
    109. #而不启用收集函数，导致主函数出错，所以需要在定时器之前先调用一下函数，
    110. #还有种办法，可以通过延时来达到等待函数运行后再去显示数据,但是因为后续会有自定义收集间隔
    111. #所以如果通过延时来处理还需要让延时时间变量与间隔相同
    112. #time.sleep(n)
    113.  
    114. tem_Max=int(temp)  #控制空间，整数,大概
    115. tem_Min=int(temp)
    116. hum_Max=int(humi)
    117. hum_Min=int(humi)
    118.  
    119. #主程序负责数据的对比，定时器外部中断优先，保障间隔的准确
    120. while True:   #循环获取温湿度
    121.   if Warn_tem_Minand Warn_hum_Min
    122.     Voice_Off()
    123.   else:
    124.     Voice_On()
    125.   max_or_min()
    126.   Print()
    127.   #大概有几个口令：警报最大最小温度，湿度；采集时间间隔就这五个，
    128.   #注意判断类型，命令或类型不正确的不予理会，设置成功有闪灯提醒
    129.   if uart1.any()>0:   #考虑放在定时器中，因为循环内很难监测到
    130.     Dir=uart1.read()
    131.     Dir=str(Dir)     #转换为字符串型
    132. #Dir=Dir.lower(),字符小写就涉及到回车的问题，无法转变，会异常，所以我可以提前切出来想要的部分
    133.     Dir=Dir[2:-3]  #提前切掉b'...\n'这个东西，在让这个正常的字符串去变小写
    134.     if Dir.find('space')>=0:
    135.       Dir=Dir[5:]
    136.       if Is_Int(Dir)==True:
    137.         space=int(Dir)
    138.         Tim_S.init(period=space,mode=Timer.PERIODIC,callback=Open_Test)
    139.         twink()
    140.     elif Dir.find('tmax')>=0:
    141.       Dir=Dir[4:]
    142.       if Is_Float(Dir)==True:
    143.         Warn_tem_Max=float(Dir)
    144.         twink()
    145.     elif Dir.find('tmin')>=0:
    146.       Dir=Dir[4:]
    147.       if Is_Float(Dir)==True:
    148.         Warn_tem_Min=float(Dir)
    149.         twink()
    150.     elif Dir.find('hmax')>=0:
    151.       Dir=Dir[4:]
    152.       if Is_Float(Dir)==True:
    153.         Warn_hum_Max=float(Dir)
    154.         twink()
    155.     elif Dir.find('hmin')>=0:
    156.       Dir=Dir[4:]
    157.       if Is_Float(Dir)==True:
    158.         Warn_hum_Min=float(Dir)
    159.         twink()
    160. #串口这部分也可以考虑写成函数，看起来能简洁些

    diagram.json

    1. {
    2.   "version": 1,
    3.   "author": "魔都飘雪",
    4.   "editor": "wokwi",
    5.   "parts": [
    6.     { "type": "wokwi-esp32-devkit-v1", "id": "esp", "top": -68.61, "left": -8.02, "attrs": {} },
    7.     { "type": "wokwi-dht22", "id": "dht1", "top": -71.8, "left": 118.28, "attrs": {} },
    8.     { "type": "board-ssd1306", "id": "oled1", "top": 23.53, "left": -135.32, "attrs": {} },
    9.     {
    10.       "type": "wokwi-buzzer",
    11.       "id": "bz1",
    12.       "top": -81.64,
    13.       "left": -146.94,
    14.       "attrs": { "volume": "0.5" }
    15.     }
    16.   ],
    17.   "connections": [
    18.     [ "esp:TX0", "$serialMonitor:RX", "", [] ],
    19.     [ "esp:RX0", "$serialMonitor:TX", "", [] ],
    20.     [ "dht1:VCC", "esp:3V3", "red", [ "v0" ] ],
    21.     [ "dht1:SDA", "esp:D15", "green", [ "v0" ] ],
    22.     [ "dht1:GND", "esp:GND.1", "black", [ "v0" ] ],
    23.     [ "oled1:VCC", "esp:3V3", "red", [ "v-12.04", "h-51.43", "v113.03", "h241.73", "v-40.86" ] ],
    24.     [
    25.       "oled1:GND",
    26.       "esp:GND.2",
    27.       "black",
    28.       [ "v-12.72", "h-41.98", "v114.4", "h127.33", "v-50.39" ]
    29.     ],
    30.     [ "oled1:SDA", "esp:D21", "green", [ "v-103.15", "h173.6", "v86.85" ] ],
    31.     [ "bz1:1", "esp:GND.2", "green", [ "v8.67", "h101.46", "v72.79" ] ],
    32.     [ "bz1:2", "esp:D27", "green", [ "v8.67", "h96.78", "v53.56" ] ],
    33.     [ "oled1:SCL", "esp:D22", "green", [ "v-108.86", "h178.16", "v59.06" ] ]
    34.   ],
    35.   "serialMonitor": { "display": "plotter", "newline": "lf" }
    36. }

    ssd1366.py(ssd1306屏幕的驱动)

    1. # MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces
    2.  
    3. from micropython import const
    4. import framebuf
    5. import math
    6.  
    7.  
    8. # register definitions
    9. SET_CONTRAST        = const(0x81)
    10. SET_ENTIRE_ON       = const(0xa4)
    11. SET_NORM_INV        = const(0xa6)
    12. SET_DISP            = const(0xae)
    13. SET_MEM_ADDR        = const(0x20)
    14. SET_COL_ADDR        = const(0x21)
    15. SET_PAGE_ADDR       = const(0x22)
    16. SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
    17. SET_SEG_REMAP       = const(0xa0)
    18. SET_MUX_RATIO       = const(0xa8)
    19. SET_COM_OUT_DIR     = const(0xc0)
    20. SET_DISP_OFFSET     = const(0xd3)
    21. SET_COM_PIN_CFG     = const(0xda)
    22. SET_DISP_CLK_DIV    = const(0xd5)
    23. SET_PRECHARGE       = const(0xd9)
    24. SET_VCOM_DESEL      = const(0xdb)
    25. SET_CHARGE_PUMP     = const(0x8d)
    26.  
    27.  
    28. class SSD1306:
    29.     def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc, color=framebuf.MONO_VLSB):
    30.         self.width = width
    31.         self.height = height
    32.         self.external_vcc = external_vcc
    33.         self.pages = self.height // 8
    34.         self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
    35.         fb = framebuf.FrameBuffer(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, color)
    36.         self.framebuf = fb
    37.         # Provide methods for accessing FrameBuffer graphics primitives. This is a
    38.         # workround because inheritance from a native class is currently unsupported.
    39.         # http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
    40.         self.fill = fb.fill
    41.         self.pixel = fb.pixel
    42.         self.hline = fb.hline
    43.         self.vline = fb.vline
    44.         self.line = fb.line
    45.         self.rect = fb.rect
    46.         self.fill_rect = fb.fill_rect
    47.         self.text = fb.text
    48.         self.scroll = fb.scroll
    49.         self.blit = fb.blit
    50.         self.init_display()
    51.  
    52.     def init_display(self):
    53.         for cmd in (
    54.             SET_DISP | 0x00, # off
    55.             # address setting
    56.             SET_MEM_ADDR, 0x00, # horizontal
    57.             # resolution and layout
    58.             SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
    59.             SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
    60.             SET_MUX_RATIO, self.height - 1,
    61.             SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0
    62.             SET_DISP_OFFSET, 0x00,
    63.             SET_COM_PIN_CFG, 0x02 if self.height == 32 else 0x12,
    64.             # timing and driving scheme
    65.             SET_DISP_CLK_DIV, 0x80,
    66.             SET_PRECHARGE, 0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xf1,
    67.             SET_VCOM_DESEL, 0x30, # 0.83*Vcc
    68.             # display
    69.             SET_CONTRAST, 0xff, # maximum
    70.             SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents
    71.             SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted
    72.             # charge pump
    73.             SET_CHARGE_PUMP, 0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
    74.             SET_DISP | 0x01): # on
    75.             self.write_cmd(cmd)
    76.         self.fill(0)
    77.         self.show()
    78.  
    79.     def poweroff(self):
    80.         self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)
    81.  
    82.     def poweron(self):
    83.         self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)
    84.  
    85.     def contrast(self, contrast):
    86.         self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
    87.         self.write_cmd(contrast)
    88.  
    89.     def invert(self, invert):
    90.         self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))
    91.  
    92.     def show(self):
    93.         x0 = 0
    94.         x1 = self.width - 1
    95.         if self.width == 64:
    96.             # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
    97.             x0 += 32
    98.             x1 += 32
    99.         self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
    100.         self.write_cmd(x0)
    101.         self.write_cmd(x1)
    102.         self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
    103.         self.write_cmd(0)
    104.         self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
    105.         self.write_data(self.buffer)
    106.     #下面函数为添加的功能，根据pyboard板子厂商提供的例程修改
    107.  
    108.     def show_hanzi(self, row, col, charlist1):
    109.         data = bytearray(charlist1)
    110.         fbuf = framebuf.FrameBuffer(data, 16, 16, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
    111.         self.blit(fbuf,col,(row-1)*16)
    112.         del fbuf
    113.  
    114.     def show_image(self, image_list):
    115.         data = bytearray(image_list)
    116.         fbuf = framebuf.FrameBuffer(data, 128, 96, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
    117.         self.blit(fbuf, 0, 0)
    118.         del fbuf
    119.  
    120.  
    121. class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
    122.     def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3c, external_vcc=False, color=framebuf.MONO_VLSB):
    123.         self.i2c = i2c
    124.         self.addr = addr
    125.         self.temp = bytearray(2)
    126.         super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc, color)
    127.  
    128.     def write_cmd(self, cmd):
    129.         self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0
    130.         self.temp[1] = cmd
    131.         self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)
    132.  
    133.     def write_data(self, buf):
    134.         self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, b'\x40' + buf)
    135.  
    136.  
    137. class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
    138.     def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False, color=framebuf.MONO_VLSB):
    139.         self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
    140.         dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
    141.         res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
    142.         cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
    143.         self.spi = spi
    144.         self.dc = dc
    145.         self.res = res
    146.         self.cs = cs
    147.         import time
    148.         self.res(1)
    149.         time.sleep_ms(1)
    150.         self.res(0)
    151.         time.sleep_ms(10)
    152.         self.res(1)
    153.         super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc, color)
    154.  
    155.     def write_cmd(self, cmd):
    156.         self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
    157.         self.cs(1)
    158.         self.dc(0)
    159.         self.cs(0)
    160.         self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
    161.         self.cs(1)
    162.  
    163.     def write_data(self, buf):
    164.         self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
    165.         self.cs(1)
    166.         self.dc(1)
    167.         self.cs(0)
    168.         self.spi.write(buf)
    169.         self.cs(1)

     是不是，很简单！来看看效果：

    也可以在网页上查看实际效果：

    Wokwi Arduino and ESP32 Simulatoricon-default.png?t=M7J4https://wokwi.com/projects/341771399848788563

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/zhusongziye/article/details/126682077