• 分布式链路追踪技术 Sleuth +Zipkin

    （1）每一个需要被追踪踪迹的微服务工程都引入依赖坐标

    2. <dependency>
    3.     <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
    4.     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuthartifactId>
    5. dependency>

    （2）每一个微服务都修改application.yml配置文件，添加日志级别

    1. #分布式链路追踪
    2. logging:
    3.     level:
    4.         org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet: debug
    5.         org.springframework.cloud.sleuth: debug

    请求到来时，我们在控制台可以观察到 Sleuth 输出的日志（全局 TraceId、SpanId等）。

            这样的日志首先不容易阅读观察，另外日志分散在各个微服务服务器上，接下来我们使用zipkin统一聚合轨迹日志并进行存储展示。 

    （3）结合 Zipkin 展示追踪数据

            Zipkin 包括Zipkin Server和 Zipkin Client两部分，Zipkin Server是一个单独的服务，Zipkin Client就是具体的微服务

    Zipkin Server 构建

    • pom.xml 
      1.   
      2.         <dependency>
      3.             <groupId>io.zipkin.javagroupId>
      4.             <artifactId>zipkin-serverartifactId>
      5.             <version>2.12.3version>
      6.             <exclusions>
      7.                 
      8.                 <exclusion>
      9.                     <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
      10.                     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2artifactId>
      11.                 exclusion>
      12.             exclusions>
      13.         dependency>
      14.  
      15.         
      16.         <dependency>
      17.             <groupId>io.zipkin.javagroupId>
      18.             <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-uiartifactId>
      19.             <version>2.12.3version>
      20.         dependency>
    •  入口启动类 
      1. package com.lagou.edu;
      2.  
      3. import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
      4. import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
      5. import zipkin2.server.internal.EnableZipkinServer;
      6.  
      7. import javax.sql.DataSource;
      8.  
      9. @SpringBootApplication
      10. @EnableZipkinServer // 开启Zipkin 服务器功能
      11. public class ZipkinServerApplication9411 {
      12.  
      13.     public static void main(String[] args) {
      14.         SpringApplication.run(ZipkinServerApplication9411.class,args);
      15.     }
      16.  
      17. }
    • application.yml 
      1. server:
      2.   port: 9411
      3. management:
      4.   metrics:
      5.     web:
      6.       server:
      7.         auto-time-requests: false # 关闭自动检测

    Zipkin Client 构建（在具体微服务中修改）

    • pom中添加 zipkin 依赖 
      1. <dependency>
      2.     <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
      3.     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkinartifactId>
      4. dependency>
    • application.yml 中添加对zipkin server的引用 
      1. spring:
      2.   zipkin:
      3.     base-url: http://127.0.0.1:9411 # zipkin server的请求地址
      4.     sender:
      5.       # web 客户端将踪迹日志数据通过网络请求的方式传送到服务端，另外还有配置
      6.       # kafka/rabbit 客户端将踪迹日志数据传递到mq进行中转
      7.       type: web
      8.     sleuth:
      9.       sampler:
      10.         # 采样率 1 代表100%全部采集 ，默认0.1 代表10% 的请求踪迹数据会被采集
      11.         # 生产环境下，请求量非常大，没有必要所有请求的踪迹数据都采集分析，对于网络包括server端压力都是比较大的，可以配置采样率采集一定比例的请求的踪迹数据进行分析即可
      12.         probability: 1

      另外，对于log日志，依然保持开启debug状态

    （4）启动服务器访问，就能看到zipkin页面

            Zipkin server 页面方便我们查看服务调用依赖关系及一些性能指标和异常信息。

    （5）追踪数据Zipkin持久化到mysql（这些改动是在zipkinServer中）

    • mysql中创建名称为zipkin的数据库，并执行如下sql语句（官方提供） 
      1. --
      2. -- Copyright 2015-2019 The OpenZipkin Authors
      3. --
      4. -- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
      5. -- in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
      6. --
      7. -- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
      8. --
      9. -- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
      10. -- is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
      11. -- or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
      12. -- the License.
      13. --
      14. CREATE TABLE
      15. IF
      16. 	NOT EXISTS zipkin_spans (
      17. 		`trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
      18. 		`trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
      19. 		`id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
      20. 		`name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
      21. 		`remote_service_name` VARCHAR ( 255 ),
      22. 		`parent_id` BIGINT,
      23. 		`debug` BIT ( 1 ),
      24. 		`start_ts` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.timestamp(): epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL',
      25. 		`duration` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.duration(): micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query',
      26. 		PRIMARY KEY ( `trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id` ) 
      27. 	) ENGINE = INNODB ROW_FORMAT = COMPRESSED CHARACTER 
      28. 	SET = utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
      29. ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX ( `trace_id_high`, `trace_id` ) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds';
      30. ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX ( `name` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames';
      31. ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX ( `remote_service_name` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getRemoteServiceNames';
      32. ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX ( `start_ts` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering and range';
      33. CREATE TABLE
      34. IF
      35. 	NOT EXISTS zipkin_annotations (
      36. 		`trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
      37. 		`trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.trace_id',
      38. 		`span_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.id',
      39. 		`a_key` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1',
      40. 		`a_value` BLOB COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB',
      41. 		`a_type` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation',
      42. 		`a_timestamp` BIGINT COMMENT 'Used to implement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp',
      43. 	`endpoint_ipv4` INT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
      44. 	`endpoint_ipv6` BINARY ( 16 ) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address',
      45. 	`endpoint_port` SMALLINT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
      46. 	`endpoint_service_name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null' 
      47. ) ENGINE = INNODB ROW_FORMAT = COMPRESSED CHARACTER 
      48. SET = utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
      49. ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD UNIQUE KEY ( `trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`, `a_timestamp` ) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate';
      50. ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id` ) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans';
      51. ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `trace_id_high`, `trace_id` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces/ByIds';
      52. ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `endpoint_service_name` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getServiceNames';
      53. ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `a_type` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values';
      54. ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `a_key` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values';
      55. ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key` ) COMMENT 'for dependencies job';
      56. CREATE TABLE
      57. IF
      58. 	NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependencies (
      59. 		`day` DATE NOT NULL,
      60. 		`parent` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
      61. 		`child` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
      62. 		`call_count` BIGINT,
      63. 		`error_count` BIGINT,
      64. 		PRIMARY KEY ( `day`, `parent`, `child` ) 
      65. 	) ENGINE = INNODB ROW_FORMAT = COMPRESSED CHARACTER 
      66. 	SET = utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
    • pom文件引入相关依赖 
      1. "1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
      3.          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      4.          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      5.     <parent>
      6.         <artifactId>lagou-parentartifactId>
      7.         <groupId>com.lagou.edugroupId>
      8.         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
      9.     parent>
      10.     <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
      11.  
      12.     <artifactId>lagou-cloud-zipkin-server-9411artifactId>
      13.  
      14.  
      15.     <dependencies>
      16.         
      17.         <dependency>
      18.             <groupId>io.zipkin.javagroupId>
      19.             <artifactId>zipkin-serverartifactId>
      20.             <version>2.12.3version>
      21.             <exclusions>
      22.                 
      23.                 <exclusion>
      24.                     <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
      25.                     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2artifactId>
      26.                 exclusion>
      27.             exclusions>
      28.         dependency>
      29.  
      30.         
      31.         <dependency>
      32.             <groupId>io.zipkin.javagroupId>
      33.             <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-uiartifactId>
      34.             <version>2.12.3version>
      35.         dependency>
      36.  
      37.  
      38.         
      39.         <dependency>
      40.             <groupId>io.zipkin.javagroupId>
      41.             <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-storage-mysqlartifactId>
      42.             <version>2.12.3version>
      43.         dependency>
      44.         <dependency>
      45.             <groupId>mysqlgroupId>
      46.             <artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
      47.         dependency>
      48.         <dependency>
      49.             <groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
      50.             <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
      51.             <version>1.1.10version>
      52.         dependency>
      53.         
      54.         <dependency>
      55.             <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      56.             <artifactId>spring-txartifactId>
      57.         dependency>
      58.         <dependency>
      59.             <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      60.             <artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
      61.         dependency>
      62.     dependencies>
      63. project>
    • 修改配置文件，添加如下内容 
      1. server:
      2.   port: 9411
      3. management:
      4.   metrics:
      5.     web:
      6.       server:
      7.         auto-time-requests: false # 关闭自动检测
      8. spring:
      9.   datasource:
      10.     driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
      11.     url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/zipkin?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=true
      12.     username: root
      13.     password: 123456
      14.     druid:
      15.       initialSize: 10
      16.       minIdle: 10
      17.       maxActive: 30
      18.       maxWait: 50000
      19. # 指定zipkin持久化介质为mysql
      20. zipkin:
      21.   storage:
      22.     type: mysql
    • 启动类中注入事务管理器 
      1. package com.lagou.edu;
      2.  
      3. import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
      4. import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
      5. import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
      6. import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
      7. import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
      8. import zipkin2.server.internal.EnableZipkinServer;
      9.  
      10. import javax.sql.DataSource;
      11.  
      12. @SpringBootApplication
      13. @EnableZipkinServer // 开启Zipkin 服务器功能
      14. public class ZipkinServerApplication9411 {
      15.  
      16.     public static void main(String[] args) {
      17.         SpringApplication.run(ZipkinServerApplication9411.class,args);
      18.     }
      19.  
      20.     // 注入事务控制器
      21.     @Bean
      22.     public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource dataSource) {
      23.         return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
      24.     }
      25. }

     

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_52851967/article/details/126598346