多选题 (是否多选,以题末的括号备注为准,未备注[多选]则为单选)(每题1分,共180道题)
1、 [多选] 项目经理说:“我现在不能处理这件事。"此时,该项目经理用的何种冲突解决技巧?
What conflict resolution technique is a project manager using when he says, I cannot deal with this issue now!
A :解决问题 Problem solving
B :强迫 Forcing
C : 撤退 Withdrawal
D :妥协 Compromising
正确答案:C
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P349 章节:9.5.2.1 撤退/回避:从实际或潜在冲突中退出,将问题推迟到准备充分的时候,或者将问题推给其他人员解决。 对项目影响不大的时候,项目经理可以选择回避。
2、 [多选] 一家组织正在开展一个软件应用程序开发项目,有不同的相关方参与到该项目的不同阶段。项目经理应该如何让相关方在整个项目过程中参与?
An organization is working on a software application development project with different stakeholders involved in different stages of the project. How should the project manager involve stakeholders throughout the project?
A :使用来自相关方的信息来制定项目需求 Use information from interested parties to develop project requirements
B : 定期与所有相关方确认关键项目决策 Regularly confirm key project decisions with all interested parties
C :让相关方参与制定项目商业论证 Involve interested parties in developing project business case
D :不断与所有相关方分享项目状态报告 Continuously share project status reports with all interested parties
正确答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P522 章节:13.2.3.1 相关方参与计划是项目管理计划的组成部分。 它确定用于促进相关方有效参与决策和执行的策略和行动。 解析规划好相关方的定期决策,让相关方持续参与项目。
3、 [多选] 你的上一个敏捷项目遭受了各种各样的延迟,比如陈述和验证需求、编写和测试代码、要求客户澄清需求和接收澄清之间的时间间隔。在即将到来的敏捷项目中,你希望应用一些精益敏捷实践来确保减少或完全消除时间浪费。在计划即将到来的项目时,你最好的行动方案是什么?
Your last agile project suffered from various delays, such as time passing between stating and verifying requirements, writing and testing code, and asking customers to clarify requirements and receiving clarifications. In your upcoming agile project, you want to apply some lean-agile practices to ensure that time waste reduced or entirely eliminated. What is your best course of action while planning your upcoming project?
A :制定并严格执行详细的项目管理计划 Develop and rigorously follow a detailed project management plan
B :使用根本原因分析技术查找过程中的瓶颈 Use the root cause analysis techniques to find bottlenecks in the process
C : 创建自主团队并为他们提供所需的资源 Create a self-directed team and provide them with the resources they need
D :安排与客户的电话会议以明确要求 Schedule conference calls with the customer to clarify requirements
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P9 章节:2.2 自组织团队最符合敏捷的价值观和原则
4、 [多选] 项目经理被批准执行一个价值1200万美元为期三年的项目,6个月后,25%项目已完成,项目团队开支为400万美元。 计算完进度绩效指数和成本绩效指数后,下一步应该做什么?
The project manager is approved to execute a $12million, three-year project. After 25% of the project is completed. What is the next step after calculating the schedule performance index and cost performance index?
A :要求更多资金 Ask for more money
B : 执行偏差分析 Perform variance analysis
C :制定绩效预测 Develop performance forecast
D :提交变更请求 Submit a change request
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P262 章节:7.4.2.2 偏差分析:成本和进度偏差是最需要分析的两种偏差。可开展偏差分析,通过比较计划成本和实际成本,来识别成本基准与实际项目绩效之间的差异;然后可以实施进一步的分析,以判定偏离进度基准的原因和程度,并决定是否需要采取纠正或预防措施 先进行偏差分析,再确认是否要采取纠正或预防措施。ACD都是纠正或预防措施。
5、 [多选] 一项目经理正在解决两名团队成员间的纠纷。一个人说系统应在测试之前集成,另一个说每个系统应该在集成之前分别测试。该项目包含 30 个人,要集成 12 个系统。出资人要求集成要按时。项目经理应该怎么说能够最好的解决这个冲突?
A project manager is trying to settle a dispute between two team members. One says the systems should be integrated before testing, and the other maintains each system should be tested before integration. The project involves over 30 people, and 12 systems need to be integrated. The sponsor is demanding that integration happen on time. What is the BEST statement the project manager can make to resolve the conflict?
A :按我说的方法做 Do it my way.
B :让我们冷静下来,把工作做完 Let's calm down and get the job done.
C :我们先都冷静一下,下周再来处理 Let's deal with this again next week after we all calm down.
D : 让我们集成之前先部分测试,集成之后再全部测试 Let's do limited testing before implementation and finish testing after implementation.
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P349 章节:9.5.2.1 妥协/调解:为了暂时或部分解决 冲突,寻找能让各方 都在一定程度上满意的方案。 A强迫 B缓解 C撤退 D妥协
6、 [多选] 一家公司启动了一个与开发新服务相关的项目,而该公司并不具有此类专业知识。项目经理了解到,运营部门不批准且可能不支持持续维护。 项目经理应该怎么做?
A Company launches a project related to the development of a new service, and the Company does not have this expertise. The project manager understands that the Operations Department does not approve and may not give support for the ongoing maintenance. What should the project manager do?
A :执行沟通需求分析,并记录该情况 To perform communication needs analysis and record the situation
B :根据之前项目的信息,创建一份风险识别核对单 Create a checklist of risk identification based on information from previous projects
C :将此活动包含在工作分解结构(WBS)中,并在发生时对其进行处理 To include this activity into the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and process it when occurred
D : 评估如何获得该部门的项目支持,以减少任何负面影响 To assess how to get project support from the department to reduce any negative impact
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P512 章节:13.1.2.3 相关方分析:相关方分析会产生相关方清单 和关于相关方的各种信息,例如,在组织内的位置、在项目中的角色、与项目的利害关系、期望、态度(对项目的支持程 度),以及对项目信息的兴趣。 注意相关方的核心思想就是管理相关 方的抵制与支持。
7、 [多选] 当一个敏捷团队进行第七次迭代时,一个新相关方加入了该项目。相关方经常联系团队成员以请求信息并质疑他们的方法。Scrum主管注意到团队的生产力下降了。对于Scrum主管来说,最好的行动方案是什么?
As an agile team works its way through the seventh iteration, a new stakeholder joins the project. The stakeholder frequently contacts the team members to request information and question their methods. The scrum master notices that the productivity of the team drops. What is the best course of action for the scrum master?
A : 清除妨碍团队进展的障碍和阻碍 Remove impediments and roadblocks that interfere with the team's progress
B :鼓励团队与相关方互动,并满足他们的需求 Encourage the team to interact with and address the needs of the stakeholder
C :将团队从相关方和任何其他外部影响中隔离出来 Isolate the team from the stakeholder and any other external influences
D :为团队提供他们需要的任何东西,以提高他们的积极性和生产力 Provide the team with anything they need to be more motivated and productive
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P34 章节:4.2.1 仆人式领导的职责:仆人式领导通过管理关系, 在团队内和组织中建立沟通与协作。这些关系可以帮助领导在组织中得心应手地为团队提供支持。这种支持有助于消除障碍,促进团队理顺过程。 在敏捷实践中,项目经理重要的核心工作就是消除障碍。
8、 [多选] 你正在预测管理项目的敏捷阶段的中途。公司CEO刚刚通知你们,由于疫情蔓延,所有非必要人员将被要求远程工作,包括你们的项目团队。然而,资源管理计划要求使用集中办公来增强沟通和协作。你的最佳行动方案是什么?
You are midway into an agile phase of a predictively managed project. You have just been notified by the company's CEO that, due to a growing pandemic, all non-essential personnel will be required to work remotely, including your project team. However, the resource management plan mandates the use of physical colocation to enhance communication and collaboration. What is your best course of action?
A : 请求变更资源管理计划,以合并使用虚拟工具在远程环境中集中办公 Request a change to the resource management plan to incorporate the use of virtual tools to replicate colocation in a remote environment
B :检查虚拟团队成员的需求,调查替代方案,并实现虚拟团队成员参与的选项 Examine virtual team member needs, investigate alternatives, and implement options for virtual team member engagement
C :提交变更请求以更新项目管理计划,将项目管理方法从混合式转变成预测性 Submit a change request to update the project management plan to migrate the project management approach from hybrid to predictive
D :将项目暂停直到疫情结束,然后让小组回到现场工作,以遵守资源管理计划 Put the project on hold until the pandemic is over and then bring the team back on-site to comply with the resource management plan
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P357 章节:9.6.3.2 如果控制资源过程出现变更请求,或者推荐的纠正措施 或预防措施影响了项目管理计划的任何组成部分或项目 文件,项目经理应提交变更请求。并通过实施整体变更 控制过程(见 4.6节)对变更请求进行审查和处理。 确定变更了,就提交变更,更改资源管理计划。
9、 [多选] 自项目开始以来,作为项目经理同事的职能经理一直公开反对该项目,在讨论项目里程碑交付的团队会议期间,职能经理评论该里程碑没有实现,因为它无法满足质量需求。项目经理应该做什么?
The functional manager as a project manager colleague has publicly opposed the project since the project began, and during a team meeting discussing the delivery of a project milestone, the functional manager commented that the milestone was not achieved because it failed to meet quality requirements. What should the project manager do ?
A :接受他的意见避免与职能经理发生冲突 Accept the opinions to avoid conflicts with functional managers
B :向发起人升级上报该职能经理缺乏协作的能力 Escalate to the sponsor and report that the functional manager lacks the ability to collaborate
C :忽略该职能经理的评论并接受该里程碑 Ignore the function manager's comment and accept the milestone
D : 与职能经理一起审查里程碑的质量验收标 准Review milestone quality acceptance criteria with functional managers
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P286 章节:8.1.3.1 质量管理计划:质量管理计划包括(但不限于)以下组成部分: • 项目采用的质量标准; • 项目的质量目标; • 质量角色与职责; • 需要质量审查的项目 可交付成果和过程; 到底有没有满足质量需求, 看质量标准即可。
10、 [多选] 随着项目进行,项目经理会收到相关方的抱怨,他们声称项目状态会议和电子邮件报告太少,无法让相关方了解项目的最新状态。项目经理审查沟通管理计划,并提交变更请求以修改报告状态的方式。项目经理最好在变更请求中包含以下哪项?
As the project progresses, the project manager gets complaints from stakeholders who say that project status meetings and email reports are too infrequent to keep the stakeholders up-to-date with the project's status. The project manager reviews the communications management plan and submits a change request to modify the way the status is reported. Which of the following is best for the project manager to include in the change request?
A : 结合使用信息发射源 Incorporating the use of information radiators
B :终止分发电子邮件报告 Eliminating the distribution of email reports
C :在每日站会汇报项目状况 Reporting project status at the daily standups
D :将项目状态发送给更少的相关方 Sending project status to fewer stakeholders
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P152 章节:术语表 信息发射源:它是一种可见的实物展示其向组织内其他成员提供信息在不干扰团队的情况下即时实现知识共享。 信息发射源一般包括看板、燃尽图、燃起图、障碍日志等 在敏捷项目中,使用可见的实物展示信息更透明化。 C每日站会不报告项目状态。
11、 [多选] 一个只有一位项目经理的小型组织决定从传统的瀑布式项目管理方法过渡到敏捷。然而,相关的组织人员缺乏敏捷方法的经验。该组织选择使用混合生命周期作为过渡战略。还应该做些什么来促进过渡?
A small organization with one project manager decides to transit from a traditional waterfall project management approach to agile. However, the relevant organizational personnel lack experience with agile methodologies. The organization has elected to use hybrid life cycles as a transition strategy. What else should be done to facilitate the transition?
A :将现有项目经理替换成经验丰富的外部敏捷教练 Replace the existing project manager with an experienced external agile coach
B :建立指令性项目管理办公室(PMO)来领导过渡 Establish a directive project management office (PMO) to lead the transition
C :将项目经理的角色完全化为敏捷团队的自我管理 Eliminate the project manager's role entirely as agile teams are self-managing
D : 聘请外部敏捷教练协助组织进行过渡 Contract an external agile coach to assist the organization with the transition
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P30 章节:3.1.11 许多团队无法在一夜之间切换到敏捷工作方式。因此,计划一个渐进的过渡是有意义的。 A还需要项目经理 B指令型错误 C暂时无法完全 敏捷化
12、 [多选] 根据沟通管理计划,项目应该使用仪表板向相关方传达信息。一些团队成员在更新他们在仪表板上的项目数据时遇到了一些困难。对项目经理来说,最好的行动方案是什么?
According to the communications management plan, the project should use a dashboard to communicate information to stakeholders. Some team members are struggling to keep their project data current. What is the best action for the project manager?
A :鼓励团队成员尽可能输入任何信息 Encourage team members to enter any information whenever they can
B : 向那些在及时报告上有困难的团队成员提供帮助 Offer help to those team members who are struggling to report on time
C :让团队专注于他们的工作并代表他们报告状态 Have the team focus on their work and report the status on their behalf
D :减少或调整那些无法保持数据最新状态的格式 Reduce or adjust the format of those not able to keep their data current
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P342 章节:9.4.2.6 培训:如果项目团队成员缺乏必要的管理或技术技能,可以把对这种技能的培养作为项目工作的一部分。 A,没有意义 C,数据输入还是得 团队成员来 D,先教会成员, 若的确有问题再调整。
13、 [多选] 在一个职能型组织中,一位关键的项目资源在咨询项目经理之前直接与客户进行沟通。这位资源之前经常发生这种问题,该资源已同意所有客户沟通必须先得到项目经理的批准。 项目经理应该怎么做?
In a functional organization, a key project resource communicates directly with the customer without consulting the project manager. This is a common issue for this resource.The resource had agreed that all customer communications would first be approved by the project manager. What should the project manager do?
A : 与该资源的职能经理开会,讨论该资源的行为 Meet with the resource’s functional manager to discuss the resource's behavior
B :召开团队会议以识别并纠正该资源的错误 Conduct a team meeting to identify and correct the resource’s mistake
C :与项目发起人召开会议,以讨论该资源的行为 Hold a meeting with the project sponsor to discuss the resource’s behavior
D :与客户开会以确认所有沟通都应该通过项目经理 Meet with the customer to confirm that all communications should go through the project manager
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P47 章节:2.4.4.2 职能型:联络员,无权限; 矩阵型:项目经理,一定权限 ;项目型:项目经理,所有权限 职能型组织中, 团队的行为只能找职能经理沟通。
14、 [多选] 项目团队负责制造 10,000 个小零件。基于集中检查 500 个零件的批次质量是控制质量工具哪一种的实例?
The project team is responsible for creating 10,000 small parts. Basing the quality of the batch on an intensive review of 500 parts is an example of what quality control tool?
A :质量审计 Quality audit
B :帕累托原则 Pareto principle
C : 统计抽样 Statistical sampling
D :检查 Inspection
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P303 章节:8.3.2.1 统计抽样:统计抽样是指从目标总体中选 取部分样本用于检查(如从 75 张工程图纸中随机抽取10 张)。 样本用于测量控制和确认质量。抽样的频率和规模应在规划 质量管理过程中确定。 取部分样本进行检查。
15、 [多选] 项目经理正在领导一个正在努力协作的多元文化团队。项目经理一开始将此视为团队建设的典型震荡阶段,但团队未能成功通过该阶段。结果,项目开始落后于进度。项目经理在第一次发现这个问题时应该做什么?
The project manager is leading a multicultural team that is working hard to collaborate. The project manager initially regarded this as a typical shock phase of team building, but the team failed to successfully pass this phase. As a result, the project began to lag behind schedule.What should the project manager do when he first discovers this problem?
A :命令团队成员将他们的分歧放在一边,努力实现共同的项目目标 Order team members to set aside their differences and work towards common project goals
B :让团队成员放心,一旦他们彼此熟悉,冲突便会减少 Reassure team members that conflicts will decrease once they become familiar with each other
C : 召开团队讨论和会议,以处理不同文化的做法和沟通风格 Convening team discussions and meetings to deal with different cultural practices and communication styles
D :确定哪些团队成员造成冲突,并采用循序渐进的纪律处分措施 Determine which team members are causing the conflict and use progressive disciplinary measures
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P338 章节:9.4 塔克曼阶梯理论:形成阶段、震荡阶段、规范阶段、成熟阶段、解散阶段 震荡阶段,项目经理采用教练技术。陪伴团队一起解决问题。
16、 [多选] 敏捷教练协助团队召开会议,对团队刚刚完成的迭代进行反思和调整。教练和团队成员为讨论设置了阶段,创建了迭代过程中发生的事情的共享图片,评估在前一步中生成的数据,并决定如何处理讨论过程中确定的问题。这次会议的下一步应该是什么?
An agile coach facilitates a meeting with the team to reflect and adapt on the iteration the team has just completed. The coach and the team members set the stage for the discussion, create a shared picture of what happened during the iteration, evaluate the data generated in the previous step, and decide what to do about the problems identified during the discussion. What should be the next step in this meeting?
A :执行决策 Implement the decisions
B : 结束会议 Close the meeting
C :演示产品 Demonstrate the product
D :解散参与者 Dismiss the participants
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P50 章节:5.2.1 回顾总结会:回顾是最重要的一个实践,原因是它能让 团队学习、改进和调整其过程。 回顾会的三个步骤,反思—改进—计划。题干中步骤完成,结束会议。
17、 [多选] 项目的成本绩效指数(CPI)和进度绩效指标(SPI)均大于1.0 ,项目经理减少投入以保持进度。 在这个过程中,什么会保持不变?
A project’s cost performance index (CPI) and schedule performance index (SPI) are both greater than 1.0.The project manager decreases inputs to maintain the schedule.During this process, what remains unchanged?
A :进度 Schedule
B :成本 Cost
C :成本与进度 Cost and schedule
D : 进度基准 Schedule baseline
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P263 章节:7.4.2.2 挣值分析:进度绩效指数(SPI)是测量进度效率的一种指标,表示为挣值与计划价值之比,反映了项目团队完成工作的效率。 当 SPI 小于 1.0 时,说明已完成的工作量未达到计划要求;当 SPI 大于 1.0 时, 则说明已完成的工作量超过计划。 只要没有通过变更修改基准,基准就不会变。
18、 [多选] 在一件设备交付到项目现场之后,最终用户投诉产品与预期不同,为避免这种情况,该使用哪一项工具或技术?
After a piece of equipment is delivered to the project site, the end-users complain the product is different from what was expected. To avoid this situation, what tool or technique should manager have used?
A : 检查 Inspection
B :帕累托分析 Pareto analysis
C :多标准决策分析 Multicriteria decision analysis
D :专家判断 Expert judgment
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P166 章节:5.5.2.1 检查:检查是指开展测量、审查与 确认等活动,来判断工作和可交付成果是否符合需求和产品验收标准。 通过检查来判断工作和可交付成果是否符合需求和产品验收标准
19、 [多选] 在项目执行期间,项目经理发现在规划期间未考虑政府法规。经过详细分析后,项目经理解决了这个问题。若要阻止再次发生这个问题,项目经理应该做什么?
During project execution, the project manager found that government regulations were not considered during the planning period. After a detailed analysis, the project manager resolved the issue. What should the project manager do to prevent this problem from happening again?
A :将该过程记录在风险登记册中 Record this process in the risk register
B :在问题日志中记录该事项 Record this in the issue log
C : 更新经验教训 Update lessons learned
D :向指导委员会通知解决方案 Inform the steering committee of the solution
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P104 章节:4.4.3.1 经验教训登记册: 经验教训登记册可以记录遇到的挑战、问题、意识到的风险和机会,或其他适用的内容。 经验教训登记册在早期创建,在整个项目期间,它可以作为 很多过程的输入,也可以作为输出而不断更新。 经验教训改善未来绩效
20、 [多选] 一个项目涉及来自一个知名供应商的硬件,在项目的中间阶段,该项目经理注意到硬件的质量下降。一名团队成员希望立即开展质量检查。哪一份文件中包含检查规定?
A project involves hardware from a reputable supplier.In the middle of the project,the project manager notice that the quality of the hardware has declined;a team member wants to conduct a quality inspection immediately.What document contains the provisions for inspection?
A : 质量测量指标 Quality metrics
B :风险登记册 Risk register
C :采购合同 Procurement contract
D :绩效报告 Performance reporting
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P287 章节:8.1.3.2 质量测量指标: 质量测量指标专用于描述项目或产品属性,以及控制质量过程将如何验证符合程度 质量该怎么检查,检查到什么程度,在质量测量指标里。
21、 [多选] 一个大型项目涉及许多专业团队,在规划期间,项目经理需要团队负责人提供工作量估算以及与任务相关的最终成本。项目经理应该要求团队负责人提供什么?
A large project involves many professional teams, and during planning, the project manager needs the team leader to provide workload estimates and the final costs associated with the task.What should the project manager ask the team leader to provide?
A :单点估算,因为它们更准确并且更容易规划预算 Single-point estimates because they are more accurate and easier to plan your budget
B : 对没有发生风险的任务进行一次估算,对与潜在风险相关的额外成本进行一次估算 Settle once for tasks where no risk has occurred, and estimate the additional costs associated with potential risks
C :基于最佳案例场景分析的单点估算 Single point estimation based on best case scenario analysis
D :估算除风险经理处理之外的风险 Estimating risks other than those handled by the risk manager
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P246 章节:7.2.3.1 应急储备: 成本估算包括对完成项目工作可能需要的成本、应对已识别风险的应急储备,以及应对计划外工作的管理储备的量化估算。 应急储备用于已知风险管理储备用于未知风险
22、 [多选] 在每日站会上,项目经理与团队成员逐个交流,询问每个成员已经完成的工作,并批评他们到目前为止团队进展缓慢。会议持续了近一个小时,最后变成了一个状态会议。项目经理应该做些什么来避免下次的站会变成状态会议?
During a daily standup meeting, the project manager goes from one team member to another questioning each one on the work they have accomplished and reprimanding them for the slow progress the team made so far. The meeting lasts for almost an hour and turns into a status meeting. What should the project manager do differently to avoid the next standup meeting turning into a status meeting?
A :使用在会议开始30分钟后配置为报警的计时器 Use a timer configured to alarm 30 minutes after the start of the meeting
B :将开发生命周期从适应型切换到预测 Switch the development life cycle from adaptive to predictive
C : 让团队成员代替项目经理来引导站会 Have a team member to facilitate the standup instead of the project manager
D :只关注阻碍进展的障碍和阻碍的问题 Only focus on issues that represent roadblocks and impediments to progress
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P54 章节:5.2.4 站会中常见的一个反模式是,站会变成了状态报告会议。 团队可以举办自己的站会。只要体现了团队工作需要的 密切合作,进行顺利,站会便会非常有用。要针对团队 何时需要站会、站会是否有效等问题有意识地做出决定。 站会可以自组织,让团队成员轮流主持。站会非状态报告会。
23、 [多选] 在什么时候通过增加剩余项目的预算(利用业绩表现修正的)达到当前实际的计算EAC的方法最经常使用?
When is the most frequently used method of calculating EAC by increasing the budget of the remaining projects (corrected by performance) to achieve the current actual calculation?
A :在偏离被视为非典型的偏离的时候 Current variances are viewed as atypical ones
B :由于条件发生变化,初始的估计假定不再可信的时候 Original estimating assumptions are no longer reliable because conditions have changed
C : 当前的偏离被视为未来偏离的代表的时候 Current variances are viewed as typical of future variances
D :初始的估计假定被认为存在根本性缺陷的时候 Original estimating assumptions are considered to be fundamentally flawed
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P265 章节:7.4.2.2 预测:假设以当前 CPI 完成 ETC 工作。这种方法假设项目将按 截至目前的情况继续进行,即 ETC工作将按项目截至目前的累计成本绩效指数(CPI) 实施。公式:EAC = BAC/CPI。 利用业绩表现修正,说明偏差 具备代表性, 属于典型偏差。
24、 [多选] 一个大型建设项目正处于实施阶段。根据项目进度表,今天项目经理有三个项目新相关方的单独指导会议。 当指导这些相关方时,项目经理可能执行下列哪一个项目管理过程?(选择两个)
A large construction project is in the execution stage. According to the project schedule, today the project manager has individual mentoring sessions with three stakeholders that are new to the project. When mentoring these stakeholders, which of the following project management processes might the project manager be performing? (Choose two)
A :制定项目章程 Develop Project Charter
B :制定沟通管理计划 Plan Communications Management
C :识别相关方 Identify Stakeholders
D : 管理沟通 Manage Communications
E : 建设团队 Develop Team
正确答案:D,E 你的答案:D,E
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P379 章节:10.2 管理沟通:管理沟通是确保项目 信息及时且恰当地收集、 生成、发布、存储、 检索、管理、监督和最终处置的过程。 项目经理按计划做事,说明是在执行阶段,只有DE是执行
25、 [多选] 一个关键相关方坚持团队用正式的文档广泛地记录软件代码。产品负责人解释说,虽然一定数量的文档是必要的,但团队成员最好把时间花在开发软件上,因为这对客户来说代表了最大的价值。产品负责人向相关方解释了以下哪一种敏捷概念?
A key stakeholder insists that the team extensively documents the software code in a formal document. The product owner explains that while a certain amount of documentation is necessary, the team members time is better spent developing the software because it is what represents the most value to the customer. Which of the following agile concepts does the product owner explain to the stakeholder?
A :略微分配 Fractionally assigned
B :服务型领导 Servant leadership
C : 勉强够用 Barely sufficient
D :结对编程 Pair programming
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P9 章节:2.2 工作的软件大于流程和文档。
26、 [多选] 敏捷项目进入第三次迭代。尽管团队坚持遵循敏捷最佳实践,但Scrum主管还是觉得团队动态存在问题。每个团队成员都独立工作,在Scrum活动中,团队成员之间不开放,避免冲突。团队目前在Tuckman开发模型的哪个阶段运行,Scrum主管可以做些什么来帮助团队进入下一个阶段?
An agile project enters its third iteration. Even though the team diligently adheres to agile best practices, the scrum master feels that there is something wrong with the team dynamics. Each team member works independently, and during scrum events, the team members are not open to one another and avoid conflict. In what stage of the Tuckman development model does the team currently operate, and what can the scrum master do to help the team to move onto the next stage?
A :震荡阶段;Scrum主管需要帮助团队在冲突中找到方向,实现高绩效 Storming; the scrum master needs to help the team navigate the conflict towards high performance.
B :规范阶段;Scrum主管需要帮助团队将不健康和低效的冲突放在一边 Norming; the scrum master needs to help the team put conflict aside as unhealthy and nonproductive
C :成熟阶段;Scrum主管需要确保冲突得到缓解,以便让团队成员继续工作 Performing; the scrum master needs to ensure conflict is mitigated to keep the team members on task.
D : 形成阶段;Scrum主管需要帮助团队认识到冲突是具生产力且有必要的 Forming; the scrum master needs to help the team acknowledge that conflict is productive and necessary.
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P338 章节:9.4 形成阶段:冲突低,信任低 震荡阶段:冲突高,信任低 规范阶段:冲突高,建立信任 成熟阶段:冲突低,信任高 团队成员避免冲突,相互独立,说明不信任对方,但是没有冲突,说明还在形成阶段。
27、 [多选] 最后的项目迭代刚刚开始。在审查信息发射源之后,项目经理意识到团队将无法完成项目计划的所有剩余工作。很明显,如果不增加更多的开发人员,进度基准将无法实现,或者一些工作包将不得不从WBS删除。对项目经理来说,最好的行动方案是什么?
Last project iteration has just begun. After reviewing the information radiators, the project manager realizes that the team will be unable to complete all the remaining work planned for the project. It is evident that without adding more developers, either the schedule baseline will be unattainable, or some work packages will have to be removed from the WBS. What is the best course of action for the project manager?
A :在下次迭代回顾中向团队提出这个问题 Raise the issue with the team at the next iteration retrospective
B : 和产品负责人见面,并建议赶工 Meet with the product owner and suggest crashing the schedule
C :要求Scrum主管找到延迟的根本原因 Request that the scrum master find the root cause for the delay
D :要求团队成员加班以完成所有项目目标 Ask the team to work overtime to meet all the project objectives
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P228 章节:6.6.2.6 进度压缩: 采用进度压缩技术(见 6.5.2.6 节)使进度落后的项目活动赶上计划,可以对 剩余工作使用快速跟进或赶工方法。 从题干来看这是混合型生命周期。会见PO 是为了划分优先级, 赶工是瀑布型做法。
28、 [多选] 在一个项目中,一家公司替换了其CEO,该CEO提出了一项新的五年战略计划。目前的项目完全符合这一新战略,但项目发起人希望修改项目的范围以适应该战略。 项目经理应该做什么?
In a project, a company replaced its CEO, who proposed a new five-year strategic plan. The current project is fully in line with this new strategy, but the project sponsor hopes to modify the scope of the project to suit the strategy.What should the project manager do?
A : 要求项目发起人发起变更请求 Ask the project sponsor to initiate a change request
B :修订项目章程,以反映范围变更 Revise the project charter to reflect changes in scope
C :在风险登记册中包含变更的影响 Include the effects of the change in the risk register
D :更新项目管理计划,以包含该变更 Update the project management plan to include the change
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P113 章节:4.6 变更流程: 变更提出后,先分析影响,再提交含解决措施的变更请求给 CCB 审批前,三步骤提出变更-分析影响-提交审批
29、 [多选] 项目经理在项目执行中途负责管理该项目。项目相关方对团队绩效和交付表示担忧。团队成员向项目经理保证,根据批准的范围,项目符合进度计划和预算。 若要管理这项目的相关方,项目经理应查阅哪份文件?
The project manager is responsible for managing the project in the midway of the project. Project stakeholders are concerned about team performance and delivery. The team members assure the project manager that the project is in line with the schedule and budget according to the approved scope. Which document should the project manager review to manage the stakeholders involved in this project?
A : 绩效报告 Performance Report
B :项目管理信息系统 (PMIS)Project Management Information System (PMIS)
C :绩效改进计划 Performance Improvement Plan
D :培训计划 Training Program
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P382 章节:10.2.1.3 工作绩效报告: 根据沟通管理计划的定义,工作绩效报告会通过本过程传递给项目相关方可以表现为有助于引起关注、制定决策和采取行动的仪表指示图、热点报告、 信号灯图或其他形式。 相关方担心绩效,就把绩效报告给相关方看,用以引起 关注或制定决策。
30、 [多选] 一名关键项目相关方撤回对项目的财务支持。项目现在资金不足,可能会取消,项目经理应该怎么做?
A key project stakeholder withdraws financial support for the project.The project is currently underfunded and may be cancelled.What should the project manager do?
A : 与该项目相关方开会,确定撤回财务支持的原因 To hold a meeting with the project stakeholders to identify the reason for withdrawing financial support
B :与团队一起头脑风暴成本节约方案 To brainstorm cost savings solution with the team
C :寻找愿意提供财务支持的新项目相关方 To find new project stakeholders who are willing to provide financial support
D :与项目发起人开会,建议取消项目 To hold a meeting with the project sponsor, it is recommended to cancel project
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P128 章节:4.7.3.4 如果项目在完工前提前终止,则需要在正式的收尾文件中 说明项目终止的原因,并规定正式程序,把该项目的已完成和未完成的可交付成果移交他人。 项目可能中止,是否中止应该由领导决定,项目经理调查原因。
31、 [多选] 在某建设工程项目的地基开挖过程中,对于因气候原因造成的进度延后风险,项目经理采取了风险接受的策略。由于在施工期间下特大雨,工程不得不停工3天。项目经理应该怎么做?
During the foundation excavation of a construction project, the project manager adopts risk acceptance strategy for the delay risk caused by climate reasons. Due to the extremely heavy rain during the construction period, the project has to be suspended for 3 days.
A : 使用应急储备 To use emergency reserves
B :把项目工期延长3天 To extend the project duration by 3 days
C :要求保险公司赔偿 To make a claim to the insurer
D :与团队成员开会讨论处理方案 To meet and discuss with team members for handling solutions
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P443 章节:11.5.2.4 接受风险接受是指承认威胁的存在,但不主动采取措施。 接受策略又分为主动或被动方式。最常见的主动接受策略是 建立应急储备。被动接受策略则不会主动采取行动。 最常见的主动接受策略是建立应急储备。
32、 [多选] 在迭代回顾会议上,团队回顾了上一次迭代的各种指标。度量标准包括速度、吞吐量和在制品(WIP)。团队成员分析数据并得出结论,他们的周期时间非常高,应该减少。这个团队向项目经理寻求建议。项目经理最好建议以下哪个选项?
At the iteration retrospective meeting, the team reviews the various metrics from the last iteration. The metrics include velocity, throughput, and work in progress (WIP). The team members analyze the data and conclude that their cycle time is very high and should be reduced. The team approaches the project manager for advice. Which of the following options is the best for the project manager to recommend?
A :减少WIP和吞吐量 Decrease WIP and throughput
B :提高WIP数量、生产速度和生产效率 Increase WIP, velocity, and throughout
C :增加WIP和生产能力 Increase WIP and throughput
D : 减少WIP数量,提高生产能力 Decrease WIP and increase throughput
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处: 敏捷实践指南 页码:P103 章节:A3.4 看板方法: 通过限制在制品将可以提高工作效率和质量。 通过WIP(在制品管理)来提高工作效率与质量。
33、 [多选] 两名项目团队成员经常对项目工作方法产生分歧,若要解决这样的情况,项目经理应该做什么?
Two project team members often disagree on project working methods. What should the project manager do to resolve this situation?
A :与这些团队成员的直接经理进行面对面的会谈 Have face-to-face meetings with the direct managers of these team members
B :审查团队绩效数据以确定这是否影响项目 Review team performance data to determine if this affects the project
C :组织团队建设活动以增强团队关系 Organize team building activities to enhance team relationships
D : 使用冲突管理技能,营造一个积极的工作环境 Use conflict management skills to create a positive work environment
正确答案:D
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:348 章节:9.5.2.1 冲突管理 :成功的冲突管理可提高生产力,改进工作关系。同时,如果管理得当,意见分歧有利于提高创造力和改进决策。 如果管理得当,有助于提高创造力和改进。
34、 [多选] 一家供应商称因为某项主要功能未包含在约定的范围内,所以未能实施。项目团队不认同这一说法,项目经理下一步应该做什么?
A supplier said that a major function could not be implemented because it was not included in the agreed scope. The project team did not agree with this statement. What should the project manager do next?
A :将该问题升级上报给项目发起人解决 Escalate the issue to the project sponsor for resolution
B :签发一份报价邀请书(RFQ),聘请新的供应商 Issue an invitation to quote (RFQ) and hire a new supplier
C :要求法律部门对供应商采取行动 Ask the legal department to take action on the supplier
D : 审查采购管理计划和合同协议 Review the procurement management plan and contract agreement
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P489 章节:12.2.3.2 协议:可包括(但不限于): • 采购工作说明书或主要的 可交付成果; • 进度计划、里程碑,或进度计划中规定的日期; • 绩效报告; • 定价和支付条款; • 检查、质量和验收标准; 范围有歧义, 查看合同中对可交付成果的定义
35、 [多选] 一个将组织从职能组织结构转变为项目导向的项目刚刚启动。 如果项目成功地达到了它的目标,那么最有可能的结果是什么?(选择三个)
A project has just been initiated to transform an organization from a functional organizational structure to project- oriented. If the project is successful in meeting its objectives, what will be the most likely outcome? (Choose three)
A : 组织将从当前状态转移到期望的未来状态。 The organization will shift from the current state to the desired future state.
B : 项目经理将控制项目预算。 The project manager(s) will have control over the project budget.
C :员工将按所做的工作(工程、制造等)分组。 Employees will be grouped by the work being done (engineering, manufacturing, etc.)
D : 项目经理将对项目有更大的权力。 The project manager(s) will have significantly more authority over projects.
E :项目经理的角色将被定义为项目协调员。 The role of the project manager(s) will be defined as a project coordinator.
正确答案:A,B,D 你的答案:A,B,D
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P47 章节:2.4.4.2 职能型:没有权力 ;弱矩阵:中低权力; 平衡矩阵:平等权力 ;强矩阵:中高权力 ;项目型:全部权力 。 企业成功转型,项目经理拥有全部的权力。
36、 [多选] 下列哪个选项描述的是应急储备金?
Which of the following options describes contingency reserve?
A :为未计划的项目范围和成本变更而储备的预算 Budget reserved for unplanned changes to project scope and cost
B :为掩盖较差的业绩而储备的预算 Budget reserved for covering poor performance
C : 为未计划但是可能由于风险登记册中登记风险成真而潜在要求的变更而储备的预算 Budget reserved for unplanned but potential required changes that can result from realized risks identified in the risk register
D :为支付批准变更所产生的超支费用而储备的预算 Budget reserved for covering cost overrun due to approved changes
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P246 章节:7.2.3.1 应急储备: 成本估算包括对完成项目工作可能需要的成本、应对已识别风险的应急储备,以及应对计划外工作的管理储备的量化估算。 应急储备用于已知风险管理储备用于未知风险
37、 [多选] 一位敏捷教练被分配到一个新成立的团队中,负责他们的第一个项目。教练安排了团队,提供了关于敏捷最佳实践的培训,并解释说敏捷团队是自我管理的。然而,团队成员正在努力从看板面板分配用户故事,并且由于缺乏协作,生产力正在受到影响。敏捷教练的最佳行动方案是什么?
An agile coach has been assigned to a newly formed team with their first project. The coach colocated the team, provided training on agile best practices, and explained that agile teams are self-managing. However, the team members are struggling to assign user stories from the Kanban board, and productivity is suffering as a result of the lack of collaboration. What is the best course of action for the agile coach?
A :忽略这个问题,因为敏捷团队应该是自我管理的 Ignore the problem as agile teams are supposed to be self-managing.
B :从现在开始,将用户故事标记给各个团队成员 Assign the user stories to individual team members from now onward
C :将团队章程替换为更有生产力的项目团队的章程 Replace the team charter with one from a more productive project team.
D : 采取更直接的方法,由于团队仍处于形成阶段 Take a more directive approach since the team is still in its forming stage.
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处: PMBOK 6th 页码:P338 章节:9.4 塔克曼阶梯理论:形成阶段 、 震荡阶段 、规范阶段、成熟阶段 、 解散阶段 形成阶段,敏捷教练应该指导团队。
38、 [多选] 项目团队成员来自于多个部门,并将处理项目和运营活动,任务和资源均已确定。若要确保资源,项目经理应做什么?
Project team members come from multiple departments and will handle project and operational activities, tasks and resources have been determined. What should the project manager do to ensure resources?
A :要求职能经理为项目提供可用资源 Ask the functional manager to provide available resources for the project
B : 与职能经理协商项目的资源和角色 Negotiate project resource