python--requests接口测试

介绍

requests是一个很实用的Python HTTP客户端库，编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到，Requests是Python语言的第三方的库，专门用于发送HTTP请求

需要下载: pip install requests

get请求

GET无参请求

r  = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')

GET传参

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': None}
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com ', params=payload)

测试聚合数据中查询手机号归属地接口
import requests
class UseRequestClass():
        #get传参的第一种方式
    def XWTTMethod(self):
        r = requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index?type=guonei&key=4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790")
        print(r.text,r.json(),r.status_code)
    #get传参的第二种方式
    def XWTTMethod(self):
        params = {"type":"guonei","key":"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}
        r = requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index",params=params)
        print(r.text)

post请求

 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
 r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)

测试聚合数据中新闻头条接口
import requests
class UseRequestClass():
    def XWTTPostMethod(self):
        params = {"type":"guonei","key":"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}
        r = requests.post("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index",data=params)
        #print(r.json())
        return r.json()

Requests响应

r.status_code        响应状态码 
r.heards             响应头
r.cookies            响应cookies
r.text               响应文本
r.json()             响应的字典类型数据
r. encoding          当前编码
r. content            以字节形式（二进制）返回

扩充

1：添加等待时间
requests.get(url,timeout=1)          #超过等待时间则报错
2：添加请求头信息
requests.get(url,headers=headers)    #设置请求头
3：添加文件
requests.post(url, files=files)      #添加文件

 文件传输

url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)

 

requests+unittest+HtmlTestRunner  /  requests+pytest+allure

 自动化接口测试流程

首先在数据包中存储接口的测试数据比如csv文件，excel文件等，实现数据和代码逻辑的分离
然后在读取数据的包中实现读取文件的获取数据的操作
接着在测试用例包中导入读取数据模块，通过requests的get/post方法获取该接口的返回数据的信息在单元测试模块(unittest/pytest)中通过断言验证返回的值和预期结果是否一致
最终结果打印在html类型的测试报告中

读取csv文件流程

存储数据(csv)

 

读取数据(readDemo)

import csv
class ReadCsv():
    def read_csv(self):
        item = []
        c = csv.reader(open("../data/datacsv.csv"))
        for i in c:
            item.append(i)
        item = item[1::]
        return item

在测试用例中执行requests请求，验证预期结果和实际结果

import pytest,requests
from readdata.readcsv import ReadCsv
r = ReadCsv()
readdataresult = r.read_csv()
class TestCsv1():
    def test_001(self):
        for i  in readdataresult:
            cs = eval(i[1])
            if i[2] == "get":
                resultdata = requests.get(url=i[0],params=cs)
                assert resultdata.json()["error_code"] == int(i[3])
            else:
                resultdata = requests.post(url=i[0], data=cs)
                assert resultdata.json()["error_code"] == int(i[3])
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["testcsv_py.py","--html=./report1.html"])

import unittest,requests
from readdata.readcsv import ReadCsv
r = ReadCsv()
readdataresult = r.read_csv()
class TestCsv(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_001(self):
        for i  in  readdataresult:
            cs = eval(i[1])
            if i[2] == "get":
                resultdata = requests.get(url=i[0],params=cs)
                self.assertEqual(resultdata.json()["error_code"],int(i[3]))
            else:
                resultdata = requests.post(url=i[0], data=cs)
                self.assertEqual(resultdata.json()["error_code"], int(i[3]))
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

生成测试报告

import unittest
from testcase.testcsv_unit import TestCsv
from common.HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner
class TestHtmlReportClass():
    #生成测试报告
    def export_testhtmlreport(self):
        # 创建测试套件
        suite= unittest.TestSuite()
        list_i=["test_001"]
        for i in list_i:
            suite.addTest(TestCsv(i))  #将测试用例添加到测试套件里
        with open("./report.html", "wb") as f:
            HTMLTestRunner(
                stream=f,
                title="自动化接口测试",
                description="HTML单元测试报告",
                verbosity=2
            ).run(suite)
t = TestHtmlReportClass()
t.export_testhtmlreport()

 

读取excle文件流程

存储数据(xlsx)

 

读取数据(readDemo)

from openpyxl import load_workbook
class UseExcel():
    def get_TestExcel(self):
        # 打开表
        workbook = load_workbook('D:\install\python\python\Test_allure\DataDemo\test1.xlsx')
        # 定位表单
        sheet = workbook['Sheet1']
        print(sheet.max_row)     #3 行
        print(sheet.max_column)  #3 列
        test_data = []#把所有行的数据放到列表中
        for i in range(2,sheet.max_row+1):
            sub_data = {}#把每行的数据放到字典中
            for j in range(1,sheet.max_column+1):
                sub_data[sheet.cell(1,j).value] = sheet.cell(i,j).value
            test_data.append(sub_data)#拼接每行单元格的数据
        return test_data
t = UseExcel()
f = t.get_TestExcel()
print(f)

测试用例中发送请求，设置断言并生成测试报告中

import requests,pytest,os,allure
from readDemo.readexcel import UseExcel
ue = UseExcel()
data= ue.get_TestExcel()
class TestExcelClass():
    def test001(self):
        for list_i in data:
            path = eval(list_i["parameter"])
            if list_i["method"] =="get":
                objects = requests.get(url=list_i["url"],params=path)
                assert objects.json()["error_code"] == int(list_i["assert"])
            else:
                objects = requests.post(url=list_i["url"],data=path)
                assert objects.json()["error_code"] == int(list_i["assert"])
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 生成测试报告json
    pytest.main(["-s", "-q", '--alluredir', 'report/result', 'request002.py'])
    # 将测试报告转为html格式
    split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
    os.system('cd D:\install\python/python\Test_allure\Test/test\report')
    os.system(split)

接口测试中接口的关联

 将变量设置为全局变量,在下一个接口中调用

import requests,pytest
class TestApiAutoClass():
    city = ''
    def test_method1(self):    #查询手机号归属地
        result = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/mobile/get",{"phone":"15937373171","key":"a10c1058f273546302fcd37121d6037a"})
        global city
        city = result.json()["result"]["city"]
        assert result.json()["error_code"] == 0
    def test_method2(self):    #查询天气预报
        result = requests.get(url="http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query",params={"city":city,"key":"d7d581f072ed2bb6aab6083848ddefed"})
        assert result.json()["error_code"] == 0
        print(result.json())
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s',"testapiassociation.py"])